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Analysis Phase
Allocation of safety functions to protection layers Hazard and risk  assessment Source: IEC 61511-3, Figure 4 – Risk and safety integrity concepts
Source: IEC 61511-3, Figure 2
SIS BPCS Plant and Emergency  Response Emergency response layer Containment,  Dike/Vessel Passive protection layer Mitigate Fire and Gas System Active protection layer Incident Emergency Shutdown System Safety layer Emergency    shutdown Trip level alarm Prevent Process control layer Operator Intervention Operator     intervention Process alarm Process control layer Process Value Normal behavior
Likelihood Increasing Risk Consequence
Likelihood Increasing Risk ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction Overall Risk SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards SIL2 ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Overall Risk Negligible Risk Region Consequence
Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards SIL2 ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region SIL3 Overall Risk Negligible Risk Region Consequence
Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards SIL2 ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Overall Risk Negligible Risk Region Consequence
As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) Intolerable Risk 10-3 / man-year (worker) 10-4 /year (public) ALARP or Tolerable Risk Region 10-5 / man-year (worker) 10-6 /year (public) Negligible Risk
Government mandates for tolerable risk levels 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 Australia (NSW) - Hong Kong - Netherlands - United Kingdom - The United States does not set tolerable risk levels, or offer guidelines.
Chemical industry benchmarks for tolerable risk 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 Company I - Company II - Company III - Small companies - Large, multinational chemical companies tend to set levels consistent with international mandates Smaller companies tend to operate in wider ranges and implicitly, at higher levels of risk
Quantitative Risk Assessment
Qualitative Risk Assessment
Qualitative risk analysis – Safety layer matrix
Source: Exida Safety and Critical Control Systems in Process and Machine Automation July 2007
Safety Requirement Specification
Safety Requirement Specification
?

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Part 4 of 6 - Analysis Phase - Safety Lifecycle Seminar - Emerson Exchange 2010

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Allocation of safety functions to protection layers Hazard and risk assessment Source: IEC 61511-3, Figure 4 – Risk and safety integrity concepts
  • 6. SIS BPCS Plant and Emergency Response Emergency response layer Containment, Dike/Vessel Passive protection layer Mitigate Fire and Gas System Active protection layer Incident Emergency Shutdown System Safety layer Emergency shutdown Trip level alarm Prevent Process control layer Operator Intervention Operator intervention Process alarm Process control layer Process Value Normal behavior
  • 8. Likelihood Increasing Risk ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
  • 9. Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
  • 10. Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
  • 11. Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction Overall Risk SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Negligible Risk Region Consequence
  • 12. Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards SIL2 ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Overall Risk Negligible Risk Region Consequence
  • 13. Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards SIL2 ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region SIL3 Overall Risk Negligible Risk Region Consequence
  • 14. Likelihood Increasing Risk Inherent Risk of Process Non-SIS Mitigating Safeguards Baseline Risk SIS Risk Reduction SIL1 Non-SIS Preventative Safeguards SIL2 ALARP Risk Region Unacceptable Risk Region Overall Risk Negligible Risk Region Consequence
  • 15. As low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) Intolerable Risk 10-3 / man-year (worker) 10-4 /year (public) ALARP or Tolerable Risk Region 10-5 / man-year (worker) 10-6 /year (public) Negligible Risk
  • 16. Government mandates for tolerable risk levels 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 Australia (NSW) - Hong Kong - Netherlands - United Kingdom - The United States does not set tolerable risk levels, or offer guidelines.
  • 17. Chemical industry benchmarks for tolerable risk 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 Company I - Company II - Company III - Small companies - Large, multinational chemical companies tend to set levels consistent with international mandates Smaller companies tend to operate in wider ranges and implicitly, at higher levels of risk
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 22. Qualitative risk analysis – Safety layer matrix
  • 23. Source: Exida Safety and Critical Control Systems in Process and Machine Automation July 2007
  • 26. ?