1.
KINGDOM
PROTISTA

2.
Characteristics
• Live in moist environments
• Both unicellular and multicellular
▫ Unicellular sometimes form colonies
▫ Multicellular lack tissues
• Eukaryotic
• Both autotrophic and heterotrophic
• Both sexual and asexual reproduction

3.
Three Major Groups
• I. Animal-like Protists.
• II. Plant-like Protists.
• III. Fungus-like Protists.

4.
I. Animal-like Protists
• Protozoan means “First Animal”.
• Cells contain a nucleus.
• Cells lack a cell wall.
• They are heterotrophs.
• Most can move on their own.

5.
I. Animal-like Protists
Classified by type of movement:
Ciliophora
Sarcodina
Sarcomastigophora
Sporozoa

6.
Ciliophora
Have cilia on the outside of their cells.
 Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food
and as feelers.

7.
Paramecium
• Pellicle: tough outer wall.
• Slipper shaped
• Oral groove: like the mouth
• Gullet: holds food.
• Food Vacuole: digests food.
• Anal Pore: removes wastes
• 2 Contractile Vacuoles
• 2 Nuclei
• Reproduces by either binary
fission or conjugation.
EXAMPLE OF CILIOPHORA

8.
SARCODINA
• Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”)
• Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm.
• Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture food.
• Many have shells.
• These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

9.
AMOEBA
EXAMPLE OF SARCODINA
• Most familiar Sarcodine.
• Blob shaped.
• Contractile Vacuoles: controls amount of water inside
• Food Vacuole: where food is digested.

10.
SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
• Many live in animals
• Symbiosis a close relationship, at least one benefits.
• Mutualism: when both partners benefit.

11.
EUGLENA
• Unicellular organism
• Contains the major organelles found in more complex life
• Autotroph and Heterotroph
EXAMPLE OF SARCOMASTIGOPHORA

12.
SPOROZOA
• All Sporozans are parasites.
• They feed on cells and body fluids.
• Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells).
• Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.

13.
PLASMODIUM
• protozoan parasite
• the parasite responsible for human malaria
EXAMPLE OF SPOROZOA

14.
II. Plant-like Protists.
• Unicellular and Multicellular
• Colonies (groups of unicellular protists)
• Can move on their own
• Autotrophs: make their own food from simple
materials using light energy (photosynthesis).
• 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like
Protists!
• Pigments: chemicals that produce color

15.
6 Groups of Plant like Protists
• Euglenoids
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Red Algae
• Green Algae
• Brown Algae

16.
Euglenoids
• Green
• Unicellular
• Live in fresh water
• Autotrophs, but can be heterotrophs under certain
conditions.
• Flagella
• Eyespot: sensitive to light.
• Chloroplasts
• Pellicle

17.
Diatoms
• Unicellular
• 10,000 living species.
• Aquatic
• Glass like cell wall
• Diatomaceous earth: course powder that comes from
dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.

18.
Dinoflagellates
• Unicellular
• Cell walls are like plates of armor.
• Two flagella
• Spins when it moves.
• Colorful (pigments)
• Can glow in the dark.
• Causes Red Tide

19.
Red Algae
• Multicellular seaweeds
• Live in deep ocean waters
• Used for ice cream and hair conditioner
• Used as food in Asia

20.
Green Algae
• Most are unicellular
• Some form colonies
• Few are multicellular
• Can live in fresh and salt water and on land in damp
places.
• Very closely related to green plants.

21.
Brown Algae
• Commonly called seaweed
• Can contain brown, green, yellow, orange and black
pigments.
• Attach to rocks
• Have air bladders
• Giant Kelp can be 100 meters long!
• Used as food thickeners

22.
III. Fungus-like Protists.
• Heterotrophs
• Have cell walls.
• Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in
their lives.
• Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds
• Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into
a new organism)

23.
Water & Downy Molds
• Live in water or moist places.
• Tiny threads that look like fuzz.
• Attack food crops
• Caused the Irish Potato Famine

24.
Slime Molds
• The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores.
• At first they look like amoeba, then later they look like
mold.
• Live on moist shady places.
• Feed on bacteria and other microorganisms.