1. Information Packaging
Citations, Parts of Citation & Citation Formats

2. Citation
• Citation is one of the major requirements of all of the
research papers written and all of the intellectual work,
no matter whatever the field you are in.
• In this way if your reader wants to get the further
information on the related topic or the findings of the
other author, he can easily get the information on that.

3. • In most of the cases the reference of the material include
the title of the source, author name, name of publishers,
the date of publishing, and also the link of the website
where the material was published.

4. APA Format
American Psychological Association

5. • The American Psychological Association (APA) style is
widely accepted in the social sciences and other fields,
such as definition, business and nursing.
• Citations in the text provide brief information, usually the
name of the author and date of publication, to lead the
reader to the source of information in the reference list
at the end of paper.

6. MLA Format
Modern Language Association

7. • Modern Language Association (MLA) in-text citations are
made with a combination of signal phrases and parenthetical
references. A signal phrase introduces information taken from
a source (a quotation, summary, paraphrase, or fact); usually
the signal phrase includes the author’s name.

8. BOOKS, CHAPTERS IN BOOKS,
REPORTS, etc.

9. Note:
All citations must be in the Hanging indent
Format with the first line flash to the left margin
and all other lines indented.

10. Books with Single Author
Author, A.A. (Year). Title of work. Publication: Publisher.
Limbo, K. J. (1997). Social Learning Theory. Englewoods
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

11. Books with Anonymous Author
A student guide to APA format. (1997). USA: Student Press.
The business of fancy dancing: Stories and poems. (2006).
Washington: Guilford Press.

12. Three to Seven Authors
Cea, R., Rivera, R., Labitigan, M., and La’O, R. (1995).
Inclusion: Are we abandoning or helping students?
Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

13. More than Seven Authors
Villorente, M.M., Porto, M.M., Peñaojas, M.J., Paral, A.M.,
Lachica, J.C., Garay, J.,…Verastigue, A.A. (2001). APA
format for psychology students. New York:
Prentice-Hall.

14. Chapter in a Book
Booth-LaForce, C., & Kerns, K. A. (2009). Child-parent
attachment relationships, and peer-group
functioning. In K.H. Rubin, W. M. Bukowski, & B.
Laursen (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions,
relationships, and groups (pp.490-507). New York,
NY: Guilford Press.

15. ERIC Document
Shyyan, V., Thurlow, M., & Liu, K. (2005). Student perceptions
of instructional strategies: Voices of English language
learners with disabilities. Minneapolis, MN: National
Center on Educational Outcomes, University of
Minnesota. Retrieved from the ERIC database.
(ED495903)

16. Journals, magazines,
newspapers in print format

17. Single Author
Author, I.N. (Year). Title of the article. Title of the Journal or
Periodical, volume number, page numbers.
Catalla, J.A. (2000). Referencing articles in APA format. APA
Format Weekly, 34, 4-10.

18. Anonymous Author
A student guide to APA format. (1997). Psychology Weekly,
8, 12-27.

19. Two to Seven Authors [List all authors]
Keller, T. E., Cusick, G. R., & Courtney, M. E. (2007).
Approaching the transition to adulthood: Distinctive
profiles of adolescents aging out of the child welfare
system. Social Sciences Review, 81, 453-484.

20. Eight or More Authors [List the first six
authors, … and the last author
Tipura, J., Wolchik, S.A., West, S.G., Sandler, I., Tein, J.,
Coatsworth, D.,…Griffin, W.A. (2000). An experimental
evaluation theory- based mother and mother-child
programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-856.

21. Magazine Article
Matthews, J., Berret, D., & Brillman, D. (2005, May 16). Other
winning equations. Newsweek, 145(20), 58-59.

22. Online journals, magazines,
newspapers

23. Article Retrieved from an Online Database
Author, A.A. (Year). Title of article. Name of Journal, xx, xxx-
xxx. doi: xxxxxxxxxx
Senior, B., & Swailes, S. (2011). Inside management teams:
Developing a teamwork survey instrument. British
Journal of Management, 18, 138-153. doi: 10.1111/
j. 1467-8551.2006.00507.x

24. Kenney, G.M. (2008). Violent victimization and the routine
activities. Journal of Drug Issues, 38, 1105-1137.
Retrieved November 16, 2006 from http://www2.
criminology.fsu.edu/-jdi/

25. Article from an Online Magazine
Ludwig, H. F. (2001, May 23). Individual-group continuity in
cooperation and competition under varying
communication conditions. Current Issues in Social
Psychology, 6(12), 166-182. Retrieved from
http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp.6.12.htm

26. Online Report from as
Nongovernmental Organization
Kenney, G. & Pelletier, J. (2009). Prospects for reducing
uninsured rates among children: How much can
premium assistance programs help? Retrieved from
Urban Institute website: http:// www.urban.org.
cfm?ID=411823

27. Online Report with no Author
identified and No Date
GVU’s 10th WWW user survey. (n. d.). Retrieved from
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/user_surveys/survey-1998-
10/

28. Importance of Citation

29. • Citation is very important for the readers who have the
keen interest in getting more and more information
about the related topics
• Citation also show the efforts you made in the research
and it also exhibit the originality of your research without
any plagiarism.

30. • Citation gives an external support to your ideas and also
increases your arguments strength.