Global awareness

1. CANCER
Global Vision
Dr Madhuri

2. What Is Cancer?

3. What is ‘ Cancer’

4. Healthy Cells
• Cells represent the smallest,
functional unit of our existence
which contains cytoplasm and a
nucleus (i.e. metabolism,
reproduction, day to day
functions)
• Cells have a specialized function
depending on their location in
the body.
• Cells grow, replicate and repair
body organs.
• The genetic material (DNA/RNA)
and your immune system
regulate this process.

5. Different Types of Cells
• Blood cells
• Muscle cells (smooth,
striated, cardiac)
• Nerve cells
• Bone cells
• Cartilage cells
• Liver (hepa) cells

6. Define Cancer
• Cancer is a term used to describe a large
group of diseases that are characterized by a
cellular malfunction. Healthy cells are
programmed to “know what to do and when
to do it”. Cancerous cells do not have this
programming and therefore grow and
replicate out of control. They also serve no
physiological function. These cells are now
termed a neoplasm.

7. This neoplasmic mass often forms a
clumping of cells known as a tumor.

8. Loss of Normal Growth Control
Cancer
cell division
Fourth or
later mutation
Third
mutation
Second
mutation
First
mutation
Uncontrolled growth
Cell Suicide or Apoptosis
Cell damage—
no repair
Normal
cell division

9. Example of Normal Growth
Cell migration
Dermis
Dividing cells in
basal layer
Dead cells
shed from
outer surface
Epidermis

10. The Beginning of Cancerous Growth
Underlying tissue

11. Invasion and Metastasis
3
Cancer cells reinvade
and grow at new
location
1
Cancer cells invade
surrounding tissues and
blood vessels
2
Cancer cells are
transported by the
circulatory system to
distant sites

12. Malignant versus Benign Tumors
Malignant (cancer) cells
invade neighboring
tissues, enter blood
vessels, and metastasize
to different sites
Time
Benign (not cancer) tumor
cells grow
only locally and cannot
spread by invasion or
metastasis

14. Bladder Cancer

15. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer

16. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer

17. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma

18. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma
Colon and Rectal Cancer

19. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

20. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Endometrial Cancer

21. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Endometrial Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer

22. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Endometrial Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer

23. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Endometrial Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer
Prostate Cancer

24. Bladder Cancer
Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Melanoma
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Endometrial Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Kidney (Renal Cell) Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Thyroid Cancer

25. Leukemia

26. I helpyou to havecancer

27. Causes
Inherited
Risk Factors
Environmental Factors

28. Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include:
tobacco (25-30%)

29. Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include:
tobacco (25-30%)
diet and obesity (30-35%)

30. Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include:
tobacco (25-30%)
infections (15-20%)
diet and obesity (30-35%)

31. Common environmental factors leading to cancer death include:
tobacco (25-30%)
infections (15-20%)
diet and obesity (30-35%)
Radiation
Stress
lack of physical activity
environmental pollutants

32. 62 TOXIC CHEMICALS ARE IN THE AVERAGE HOME!

36. ‘RED ALERT’ Signs
&
Symptoms

43. Cancer Detection and Diagnosis

44. Early Cancer May Not Have Any Symptoms

45. DIAGNOSIS
• Self examinations
• Clinical examinations
• Screening
• Biopsy
• X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, and
ultrasound scans
• Molecular diagnostic test

46. Cervical Cancer Screening
Abnormal
Pap smear
Normal
Pap smear

47. Breast Cancer Screening

48. Prostate and Ovarian Cancer Screening

50. Thought of the Day
If you don’t ‘FIND’ time…
For Today’s Fitness…..!!
THEN….
Probably You are ‘SAVING’ that time…
For Tomorrow’s Sickness………!!

51. Dietary and Lifestyle Changes
to Help Prevent Cancer

53. What Causes Cancer?
Non-modifiable
Genetics Environmental
Modifiable
Lifestyle Diet
Our Focus!

54. Modifiable Risk Factors
– Lifestyle
– Diet
Up to 1/3 of cancers can be avoided with a
nutritious diet, maintenance of a healthy
weight, and an active lifestyle

55. Optimize your diet!
1. Plant-based foods
2. Limit red and processed meats
3. Avoid grilling and frying foods
4. Limit alcohol
5. Avoid Tobacco
6. Limit exposure to carcinogen

56. Plant-based Diets
 High in fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, etc.
 Dietary fiber
 Vitamins, minerals, phytonutrients, and antioxidants
 Low in total and saturated fat

57. Benefits of Dietary Fiber
 Speeds up digestion
 Eliminates cancer compounds from the body
 Changes the bacteria in the gut to good bacteria
 Getting enough fiber can reduce the risk of:
Colorectal cancer
Breast cancer
Some head/neck cancers

58.  Whole Grains
 Legumes
 Vegetables
 Fruits
 Recommendations:
 Men: 32g per day
 Women: 25g per day
 (14g of dietary fiber per 1,000
calories daily)
Sources of Fiber

60. Benefits of Vitamins and Phytonutrients
• Act as antioxidants in the body
 Antioxidants:
 Reduce cells that damage the body
 Control cell growth and death
 These compounds may be protective against:
 Breast cancer
 Prostate cancer
 Colon cancer
 Bladder cancer
 Lung cancer
 Esophageal cancer

61. Sources of Vitamins and Phytonutrients
• Vitamin A: liver, eggs, dairy
• ß-carotene: carrot, sweet-
potato, pumpkin, dark leafy
green vegetables
• Vitamin E: vegetable oils, nuts,
leafy green vegetables, sweet
potatoes, carrots, and tomatoes
• Vitamin C: citrus fruits, broccoli,
cabbage
• Recommendations:
– 2 cups of fruit daily
– 2.5 to 3 cups of vegetables daily

62. Benefits of Consuming a Low Diet
 Low intakes of saturated fat may prevent inflammation
 Inflammation is often associated with cancer development
 Increased waist
circumference and body
weight (obesity) may
increase the risk of
developing:
Colon cancer
Breast cancer
Multiple myeloma

63. Optimize your diet!
1. Plant-based foods
2. Limit red and processed meats
3. Avoid grilling and frying foods
4. Limit alcohol

64. Limit Red and Processed Meats
 Some processed
meats may contain
carcinogens
 Recommendations:
 Eat less than 18
ounces of red meat
a week to reduce
cancer risk
 Red meats:
Hamburgers, steak,
lamb roast, pork
chops
 Processed meats:
Smoked/cured/salted
meat, meat with
added preservatives
such as hotdogs,
bacon, salami,
sausage

65. Optimize your diet!
1. Plant-based foods
2. Limit red and processed meats
3. Avoid grilling and frying foods
4. Limit alcohol

66. Avoid Grilling and Frying Foods!
• Cancer causing compounds are
produced when animal products are
grilled or fried
• Chemicals formed when fat drips off
the meat into flames
• Try to replace grilling and frying with
baking, steaming, or boiling!

67. Optimize your diet!
1. Plant-based foods
2. Limit red and processed meats
3. Avoid grilling and frying foods
4. Limit alcohol

68. Limit Alcohol Consumption
• May damage DNA, increasing the risk of cancer
• High alcohol consumption is associated with:
– Head and neck cancer
– Mouth cancer
– Pharynx/Larynx cancer
• Recommendations:
• Men: 2 drinks per day
• Women 1 drink per day
 Esophagus cancer
 Breast cancer
 Liver cancer

69. Optimize your diet!
1. Plant-based foods
2. Limit red and processed meats
3. Avoid grilling and frying foods
4. Limit alcohol
5. Avoid Tobacco
6. Limit exposure to carcinogen

70. Optimize your diet!
1. Plant-based foods
2. Limit red and processed meats
3. Avoid grilling and frying foods
4. Limit alcohol
5. Avoid Tobacco
6. Limit exposure to carcinogen

71. Industrial Pollution
1930
Incidence of
Most Cancers
Year
1990
1970
1950

72. Protect Yourself From Excessive Sunlight

73. • Avoid CT Scans as they have been linked to progression of
cancer
• Avoid EMF’s (electromagnetic field)
– Electronics
– Power Lines
– Modems
– appliances

74. MINERAL OIL (LIQUID PETROLEUM)
IS A BY PRODUCT OF PETROLEUM AND IS KNOWN TO INCREASE THE RISK OF CANCER.
*THESE CHEMICALS SLOWLY POISON US THROUGH REPEATED USE!!!
Avoid COSMETICS
containing
• Formaldehyde
• Parabens
• phthalates (endocrin
disrupting preservatives)
*100 unique chemicals in every
day personal products .

77. Microwave Popcorn- Diaacetyl

78. Non-Organic Food- Pesticides

79. Canned Food- Bisphenol-A or BPA

80. Processed Meat- Numerous Chemicals
and preservatives

81. Potato Chips- Articial Flavors &
preservatives

82. Hydrogenated Oil

83. Sugars- High fructose corn syrup

84. Diet Food

85. Highly salted or fried or pickled food

86. Summary
•There are many causes of cancer
•Some causes can be changed
•Diet is a modifiable risk factor
•With these small steps, you can help reduce your risk
of cancer-causing agents!

88. THINK AGAIN

90. THANK YOU