2. Good Afternoon!

3. JAMUNA BRIDGE
&
A SUCCESSFUL EIA
Md. Mahmudor Rahman
NSU-ESM-1421713076
mahmudor.rahman@gmail.com
A brief understanding of the Web link:
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1993/08/698917/Bangladesh-jamuna-bridge-environmental-assessment-summary

4. Constructions Economy
Impacts
Social
Aesthetics

5. Jamuna Multi-purpose Bridge (Bangabandhu Bridge) Open in 1998 and stood the
6th longest bridge in South Asia And 11th in the world then.
• The bridge links between the eastern and western parts of Bangladesh.
• The International gateway- South Asian highway and trans Asian railway.
• Multipurpose and economical sight:
Road transportation
Railway transportation
Transmission of electricity
Natural gas
Integration of telecommunication link
Overview in a glance..

6. • The main bridge is 4.8m and overall 5.63 km long.
• Number of main spans 47 of approximately 100 meters and two
end spans of approximately 65 meters.
• Connected to the bridge are east and west approach viaducts each
with 12 spans of 10 meters length and transition spans of 8 meters.
• The total width of the bridge deck is 18.5 meters.
• Designed of a dual two-lane carriageway,
• Constructed by Hyundai Engineering and Construction (Korea).
• Total cost Amount of $696 million,
• The cost was shared by IDA, ADB, OECD(JBIC, Japan), supplied $200
million each through a loan with 1% nominal interest, and the
remaining $96 million was borne by Bangladesh.
Overview in a glance..

7. EIA in Bangladesh
 First EIA process initiated with Chittagong Urea Fertilizer Ltd in 1984-85.
 EIA conducted for big Bridge Construction Project (Jamuna Multi-purpose
Bridge) during 1987-89.
 Subsequently it followed to KAFCO (Karnafully Fertilizer Co. Ltd) in 1993-94
 And than many more..

8. Jamuna Bridge Environmental Assessment
Two Parts were broadly assessed by the
incorporation of World Bank
• Environment Analysis
• Initial environmental work.
• The fisheries plan.
• The wildlife plan.
• The land use master plan.
• The Bridge End Integration Study.
• The Dhaleswari Mitigation Plan.
• Resettlement
• The resettlement action plan .

9. PHYSICO-
CHEMICAL
ECOLOGY
HUMAN
INTEREST
Impact of the Project Can be Classified by
following Zone:

10. Ecological Impact
• (a) Fisheries:
– (-) The closure of northern intake of the Dhaleswary River apart from
putting up embankment and bridge-end facilities have definite negative
impact to north fisher to produce fishes and catching.
• (b) Wildlife:
– (-) Roads running wildlife, wetland local birds, migratory bird, reptiles, duck,
and common pet animals through project area would disrupted during
work of JMB project.
• (c) Plantation:
– (+) The roadsides, Landscape on both part of bridge Approach road, the
parks plantation of trees which is favorable impact of road construction.
• (d) Wetland and Wetland Habitant:
– (-) dredging of the dhaleshwry river intake may cause destruction of the
Wetlands and wetland habitat.

11. Physico-chemical Impact
• (a) Erosion and Siltation
– (-) causes erosion during flood and siltation in the downstream.
• (b) Drainage Congestion /Water logging
– (-) roads interfere with cross drainage and can cause flooding or drainage congestion in
adjacent areas during periods of high precipitation.
– (-) May cause crop damage, water pollution and breeding of mosquitoes.
• c) Regional Hydrology/Flooding
– (-) Approach Roads construction during the period across flood plains perpendicular to
the direction of water flow cause back water effect and increase duration, frequency and
extent of flooding in the up stream.
• (d) Air, Soil and Water Pollution
– (-) During the construction work dredging spoil, the toxic chemical, lubricant of dredging
vehicles might spilled with water and pollute the soil. The smoke of the construction
vehicle would contaminated the air also.
• (e) Dust /Noise Pollution
– (-) Dust raised from unpaved rural roads and blown by the vehicles can pose a health
hazard and damage vegetation along the sides of the road.
Road erosion
Dust

12. Impact on Human Interest
• (a) Loss of Agricultural Lands
–(-) Construction of any road is associated with the loss of agricultural lands.
• (b) Generation of Employment Opportunities
–(+) Construction of the bridge, road, river training work generate temporary employment
during project implementation and permanent employment during maintenance phase.
• (c) Navigation and Boat Communication
–(-) Roads interference with navigation and boat communication at least for certain period of
the year.
• (d) Commercial and Service Facilities
–(+) Provides benefit of fast communication, transport facilities to commercial, passenger.
• (e) Industrial Activities
–(+) Road communication promotes industrial activities.
• (f) Irrigation Facilities
–(+) Borrow-pits by the side of the roads provide facility for small scale irrigation.
Agricultural land
Road construction
communication

13. Jamuna Bridge Environmental Assessment: Initial environmental work
Feasibility study(FS):
• In 1986, phase-I feasibility study recommended the site between Sirajgonj and Bhuapur (Tangail).
• Between 1987 and 1989, the phase-II feasibility study recommended a road-cum-rail-cum-power bridge
for economically and technically viable.
• possible side effects of the bridge project.
• Recommended to build closure of the Dhaleswari intake channels.
The Initial Environmental Study(IES) explored the determination:
1. whether the project has significant environmental impacts or not;
2. whether such significant impacts are acceptable from a socioeconomic, cultural and technical point
of view;
3. and if not, what further actions are required to determine the most feasible measures to conserve and
protect the environment

14. Project
Consisted with
following work
scopes:
constructi
on of 4.8
km long,
with a
design
life of 100
years;
constructio
n of two
end
viaducts to
connect the
bridge to
the
approach
roads;
construction of
two guide
bunds, of about
2.2 km each
and a flood
protection
bund on the
east bank to
regulate the
river at the
chosen site;
constructio
n of east
and west
approach
roads;
measures to
mitigate the
project's effects
on the
environment,
including
resettlement,
compensation of
project affected
persons,
fisheries and
wild life, and
environmental
monitoring; and
technical
assistanc
e and
training.

16. Impact areas were distinguished:
1. land that would be occupied by permanent structures;
2. land that would be acquired for temporary use or occupation during construction;
3. Land in the vicinity of project works, where changes land use were expected as a result of the
road construction (settlements, industries, etc.);
4. Land where water management, agricultural and fishing practices would change as a direct
result of the bridge project (e.g. backwater effect, disrupted drainage, navigation etc.);
5. land where ecological changes( flora, fauna, soil, water, air) would occur as a result of the
infrastructural works;
6. The North West zone, where wood fuel consumption and deforestation would be reduced as a
result of the gas pipeline which may cross the Jamuna on the bridge.
Jamuna Bridge Environmental Assessment: Initial environmental work

17. Jamuna Bridge Environmental Assessment: Impact Area

18. Loss fish & Spawn.
• Action:
– Loss of fish spawn in flood plain area due to bridge construction.
• Impact:
– Reduction in Fish Amount.
– Unemployment of fisherman.
– yield reductions of the dry season crops as a consequence of flood reduction and reduced availability of water,
– disturbance of navigation, reductions of spawn fry fish collection and loss of fish grounds and
– The loss of land to other users.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Construction of carp hatcheries to replace the loss of spawn Collection areas (investment costs estimated at
Tk3.0 million).
– Resettlement and compensation
Fish swamp

19. Migration of firming families
• Action:
–Land acquired for the project from the firming families
• Impact:
–Social impact due to homeless on poverty
• Mitigation Measures:
–Provide adequate skill of in roads and embankments
along routes of fish migration.

20. Spreading Nuisance plants
• Action:
– Spreading of nuisance plants from borrow pit.
• Impact:
– Damage crops during flood.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Incorporate destruction of such plants in
maintenance program.
– Convert the plants into a compost for application
as a soil conditioner/manure.
Nuisance plants

21. Water pollution
• Action:
– Reaching vehicle lubricant, dredging spoil in
surface water and agricultural lands.
• Impact:
– Cause water pollution.
– Contaminates irrigated water supply.
– Toxic chemical spread.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Making borrow pit to through dredge spill.
Dredging Spoil contamination on water

22. Erosion and Siltation
• Action:
– Erosion of road and embankment surfaces and sides, road openings,
bed and banks of rivers/canals subsequent siltation in down stream.
• Impact:
– Cause damage to road and embankment.
– Affect stability of road/embankment and their structures.
– Increases turbidity of water.
– Siltation of canal bed and agricultural lands.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Use the up stream guide bunds of flood level.
Erosion of embankment

23. Drainage congestions and
water logging
• Action:
– Drainage congestion and water logging
• Impact:
– Crop damage and loss of agricultural lands.
– Cause water pollution.
– Provide ground fro mosquito breeding.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Provide adequate opening for drainage.
– Provide facilities for pumping of congested water.
Pumping of drained water
Drainage canal

24. Disruption of Regional Hydrology
• Action:
– Disruption of regional hydrology through obstruction of flood flow.
– Back water effect due to constructions across flood plains.
• Impact:
– Increase duration, severity and frequency of flood.
– Changes flooding pattern and ground water recharge.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Avoid road construction across the flood plain in the
direction perpendicular to flood flow.
– Provide adequate opening for flood flow.
Road across flow direction

25. Dust blowing from construction
• Action:
– Dust blowing from unpaved roads during
construction and movement of vehicles.
• Impact:
– Health hazards due to dust pollution.
– Damage to vegetation and trees along the
road.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Control moisture content during construction by watering.
– Stabilize road surface with a suitable stabilizer.
– Increase vegetation cover on road surface and slopes.
Dust blowing
Compaction

26. Loss of agricultural land
• Action:
– Loss of agricultural land. Land where water management, agricultural and
fishing practices would change as a direct result of the bridge project (e.g.);
• Impact:
– Deprives a group of farmers of their means of living.
– Increases landlessness in the area.
– Backwater effect, disrupted drainage, navigation etc.
– Reduces employment in agriculture.
– Affects agricultural production.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Plan the project to avoid fertile agricultural land.
– Rehabilitate the affected people.
– Generate employment opportunities in other activities.
– Drainage facilities for agricultural land;
Agricultural land
Loss of land due to road

27. Obstruction to navigation
• Action:
– During Constructions the main river and approach road
traffic would to navigate in other far distance.
• Impact:
– Disruption of cheap mode of transportation.
– Adverse effects on communication.
– Increase the transport cost.
• Mitigation Measures:
– Provide openings at major routes and construct road
structures leaving adequate clearance above high
flood level for plying of boats.
Construction for Dhaleshwary
Closure

28. Change of Land ownership pattern
Action:
1. land that would be occupied by permanent structures;
2. land that would be acquired for temporary use or occupation during construction;
3. Land in the vicinity of project works, where changes land use were expected as a result of the road
construction (settlements, industries, etc.);
4. Impact:
– Inadequately distribution of project benefits.
– ecological changes( flora, fauna, soil, water, air) would occur as a result of the
infrastructural works;
Mitigation Measures:
– Regulation of land ownership transfer in the project area.

29. Summary of Benefits and Costs
 The most significant benefit was the improvement to agricultural yields
during the monsoon period in areas affected by the closure of the
Dhaleswari River.
 Additional embankment protection was provided by the river training
works also make a contribution to protecting the environment.
 The net value of agricultural production foregone because of changes in
land use is estimated at Tk8.3 million a year which represented some 15
percent of the net gain in the value of agricultural production.
 The effects of the railway approaches has valued for agricultural production
by the additional protection from flooding offered by the rail
embankments.
Jamuna Bridge Environmental Assessment: Environmental Assessment

30. Compensation for the resettlement
•No money will provide by JMBA/GOB instead of assets but acquisition and soft loan
service like 25% to 50% for all land loosing of PAPs. They identified 6156 directly
affected HHs.
•Socio-economic identified 504 HHs has intensity to lose their agricultural land
more than 66%, for a fixed deposit 32 million could be stock for that vulnerable
PAPs.
•2745 PAP HHs who want to relocate willingly, JMBA-RU assisted them purchase
homestead land and a soft loan up to 50% of loan of their compensation rate for
house construction. A preliminary cost estimate of Tk 1.00 million has been kept.

31. Compensation for the resettlement
• Two resettlement sites on each bank of river located at:
village Saratia. Jamtaildas, Jamtailkhidirpur and Dukhiabari Sirajgani
thana (21 6 acres)
and
• village Palsia & Nikrail in Kalihati thana (316 acre)
• Plots of 300 and 600 sq. meters will be allotted of homestead at a price
of Tk 4,000/- and Tk 8,000/- respectively payable in the years.
Identified 3014 nos. of land losing PAP HHs who had willingness to
move to RS site.

32. •Compensation for the resettlement
• Due to closure of northern intake of Dhaleswari and Hurasagar rivers more
than 3000 acres of khas land would be leased out to land losing PA
permanently in blocks up to 2 acres per family. Annual lease money only 100/-
and allottees will both husband and wife.
• Weavers, industrial workers, Shopkeepers and artisans will be given
compensation to move business and establish their enterprises.
• Plantation about 300 acres to be planted by PAPs about 1 lac trees, 300/- per
tree to the planter.

33. Thank you !