examples of instruments that are used on the sensory organs in healthcare. biomedical instrumentation.

1. SENSORY SYSTEMS
INSTRUMENTATION
BY
MARYAM IDRIS MUSA (20142926)
MSc BIOENGINEERING

2. Introduction
Sensory system instrumentation refers to the
application of engineering techniques and analyses
using sensory system which is part of the peripheral
nervous system to design devices that can be used
for detection, measurement and monitoring of
physiological signals.

3. Examples of Sensory Devices
The Hearing Aid:
This is an electroacoustic
device which is designed to
amplify sound for the wearer.
It receives sound through a
microphone, which converts
the sound waves to electrical
signals and sends them to an
amplifier. The amplifier
increases the power of the
signals and then sends them to
the ear through a speaker.

4. Thermometer:
This measures temperature or temperature
gradient using a variety of different
principles. These include thermal
expansion of solids or liquids with
temperature or the change in pressure of
gas on heating or cooling. The digital
contains diode as temperature-sensing
element. The radiation-type thermometers
measure the infra red energy emitted by
an object

5. Balloon Catheter
This is a type of "soft" catheter with
an inflatable "balloon" at its tip which is
used during a catheterization
procedure to enlarge a narrow
opening or passage within the body.
The deflated balloon catheter is
positioned, then inflated to perform
the necessary procedure, and
deflated again in order to be
removed. It is used for the treatment of
chronic epiphora and nasolacrimal
obstruction in children and adults.

6. Contact lenses:
A contact lens is a thin, clear disks of plastic
that floats on the surface of the eye. They are
designed to correct refractive errors and maintain
ocular health. Contact lenses are used to correct the
same conditions that eyeglasses correct:
myopia (near sightedness);
hyperopia (farsightedness);
astigmatism (blurred vision due to the shape of the
cornea);
presbyopia (inability to see close up).
A soft contact-lens biosensor (SCL-biosensor) for
novel non-invasive bio monitoring of tear fluids
has recently been fabricated. The biosensor has
an enzyme immobilized electrode on the surface
of a polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) contact lens.

7. continued
Smart contact lens
These are contact lenses with embedded sensors
and other miniaturized electronics to measure
glucose levels in the tear fluid of the eyes.
The measurements would be transmitted wirelessly
to a mobile device, for viewing by diabetic
patients and their doctors.
Another possible use of the technology would be
to provide near-focusing capability for intraocular
lenses that are implanted during cataract surgery.
This would benefit people with presbyopia who
would otherwise need reading glasses.

8. Narrow-band UVB PHOTOTHERAPY
for Skin Diseases
MECHANISM OF ACTION
In the skin, NB-UVB radiation is absorbed by DNA
and urocanic acid.
Inhibits DNA synthesis.
Inhibits epidermal keratinocyte
hyperproliferation.
Induces T-cell apoptosis.
Induces immunosuppression.
Induces anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Alters antigen presenting cell activity.

9. Thus, the ability of NB-UVB radiation to
systemically suppress the major
components of
cell mediated immune function is
linked to its
beneficial effect in several
inflammatory skin
diseases.

10. LED Light Therapy Device
This is use to treat skin disease psoriasis vulgaris.
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-
lead semiconductor light source. It is a basic pn-
junction diode, which emits light when activated.
When a suitable voltage is applied to the
leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron
holes within the device, releasing energy in the form
of photons. This effect called electroluminescence,
and the colour of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photon) is determined by the
energy band gap of the semiconductor.

11. FUNCTIONS OF A BIOMEDICAL
ENGINEER
A biomedical engineer designs medical instruments that help
healthcare personnel
Detection
Monitoring and
Treatment of diseases associated with the sensory systems

12. Conclusion
 The nervous system is the body’s principal regulatory
system, and pathological processes in it often lead to
serious functional disturbances. With the help of
instruments such as EEG, ECG.EMG etc. these processes
can be measured and its activities monitored which can
help in diagnosis and treatment diseases.

13. References
 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering(An ISO 3297:
2007 Certified Organization)Vol. 3, Issue 3, March 2014Copyright to IJAREEIE www.ijareeie.com 7707. Review on
Biomedical Instrumentation
 Basic concepts of medical instrumentation. Medical instrumentation: application and design. Fourth edition. John G.
Webster
 Handbook of Biomedical instrumentation by Khandpur
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.meditech.com
 www.Princeton.edu
 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed
 Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation. 2010.Mandeep Singh