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RELENTLESS HOPE:
THE REFUSAL TO GRIEVE
MARTHA STARK MD
MarthaStarkMD @ HMS.Harvard.edu
Wednesday, November 2, 2022
VALLEY COMMUNITY COUNSELING CLINIC
© 2022 Martha Stark MD
1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
ESTABLISH WHY RELENTLESS HOPE IS A DEFENSE
IDENTIFY WHAT THE RELENTLESS PATIENT
IS REFUSING TO CONFRONT
REVIEW THE ROLE OF GRIEVING
DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF RELENTING
AND EVOLVING ULTIMATELY TO A PLACE
OF SERENE ACCEPTANCE
2
“PRETENDING
THAT IT CAN BE
WHEN IT CAN’T
IS HOW PEOPLE
BREAK THEIR HEARTS”
ELVIN SEMRAD (2003)
3
RELENTLESS HOPE
MARTHA STARK (2017)
A DEFENSE TO WHICH
THE PATIENT CLINGS
IN ORDER
NOT TO HAVE TO FEEL
THE PAIN OF HER DISAPPOINTMENT
IN THE OBJECT
THE HOPE A DEFENSE
ULTIMATELY AGAINST GRIEVING
4
THE PATIENT’S REFUSAL TO DEAL WITH
THE PAIN OF HER GRIEF ABOUT THE OBJECT
FUELS THE RELENTLESSNESS
WITH WHICH SHE PURSUES IT
BOTH THE RELENTLESSNESS OF HER HOPE
THAT SHE MIGHT YET BE ABLE
TO MAKE THE OBJECT OVER INTO WHAT
SHE WOULD WANT IT TO BE
AND THE RELENTLESSNESS OF THE OUTRAGE
SHE EXPERIENCES IN THOSE MOMENTS
OF DAWNING RECOGNITION THAT
– DESPITE HER BEST EFFORTS AND MOST FERVENT DESIRE –
SHE MIGHT NEVER BE ABLE
TO MAKE THAT ACTUALLY HAPPEN
5
IN ESSENCE
WHAT FUELS THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESSNESS
– BOTH HER RELENTLESS HOPE (LIBIDO)
AND HER RELENTLESS OUTRAGE (AGGRESSION) –
IS HER REFUSAL TO SIT WITH
THE PAIN OF HER DISAPPOINTMENT
IN THE OBJECT
AN OBJECT SHE EXPERIENCES AS BAD
BY VIRTUE OF THE FACT
THAT IT IS NOT ALL THAT SHE
WOULD HAVE WANTED IT TO BE
6
BUT EVEN MORE FUNDAMENTAL
IS THE FACT OF THE OBJECT’S EXISTENCE
AS SEPARATE FROM HERS
AS OUTSIDE THE SPHERE OF HER OMNIPOTENCE
– WINNICOTT (1965) –
AND AS THEREFORE UNABLE
TO BE EITHER POSSESSED OR CONTROLLED
THIS ILLUSION OF OMNIPOTENT CONTROL
OVER THE OBJECTS OF HER DESIRE
IS OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY THE ENTITLED SENSE
THAT SOMETHING IS HER DUE
7
WHENEVER A PATIENT
COMPLAINS BITTERLY
ABOUT FEELING HELPLESS
IT OFTEN SPEAKS
TO HER NEED TO FORCE
THE OBJECT TO CHANGE
– IN SOME WAY THAT THE OBJECT
COULD TECHNICALLY CHANGE –
AND TO OUTRAGED FRUSTRATION
AT BEING CONFRONTED
WITH THE IMMUTABILITY OF THE OBJECT
AND THE LIMITS OF HER POWER
TO MAKE THAT OBJECT CHANGE
8
PARADOXICALLY
SUCH PATIENTS ARE NEVER RELENTLESS
IN THEIR PURSUIT OF GOOD OBJECTS
INSTEAD
THEIR RELENTLESS PURSUIT
IS OF THE BAD OBJECT
THE COMPELLING NEED BECOMES FIRST
TO RE – CREATE
THE OLD BAD OBJECT
AND THEN
TO PRESSURE, MANIPULATE,
PROD, FORCE, COERCE
THIS OLD BAD OBJECT TO CHANGE
9
THE PATIENT CAN REFIND THE OLD BAD OBJECT
IN ANY ONE OF THREE WAYS
SHE CAN CHOOSE A GOOD OBJECT
AND THEN EXPERIENCE IT AS BAD
– PROJECTION –
SHE CAN CHOOSE A GOOD OBJECT
AND THEN EXERT PRESSURE ON IT
TO BECOME BAD
– PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION –
OR
SHE CAN SIMPLY CHOOSE A BAD OBJECT
TO BEGIN WITH
10
CHOOSING A GOOD OBJECT
IS NOT A VIABLE OPTION
A GOOD OBJECT SIMPLY WILL NOT SATISFY
HER NEED
– FUELED BY THE REPETITION COMPULSION –
IS TO RE – ENCOUNTER THE OLD BAD OBJECT
AND THEN TO COMPEL THIS BAD OBJECT
TO BECOME GOOD
WHICH WILL THEN SYMBOLICALLY CORRECT FOR
THE UNMASTERED RELATIONAL TRAUMAS
THAT THE PATIENT HAD EXPERIENCED EARLY ON
AT THE HANDS OF THE INFANTILE OBJECT
11
AGAIN
THE PATIENT’S REFUSAL TO DEAL WITH
THE PAIN OF HER GRIEF ABOUT THE OBJECT
FUELS THE RELENTLESSNESS
WITH WHICH SHE PURSUES IT
BOTH THE RELENTLESSNESS
OF HER ENTITLED SENSE
THAT SOMETHING IS HER DUE
AND THE RELENTLESSNESS
OF HER OUTRAGE
IN THE FACE OF ITS BEING DENIED
HOPING AGAINST HOPE
SHE PURSUES THE OBJECT OF HER DESIRE
WITH A VENGEANCE –
REFUSING TO RELENT, REFUSING TO ACCEPT,
REFUSING TO FORGIVE
12
“WHEN A DEEP INJURY
IS DONE US,
WE NEVER RECOVER
UNTIL WE FORGIVE”
ALAN PATON
13
CLINICAL VIGNETTE
SARA –
MY UNFORGIVABLE MISTAKE
14
FAIRBAIRN’S INTENSE ATTACHMENTS (1963)
“A BAD OBJECT IS INFINITELY BETTER
THAN NO OBJECT AT ALL”
ACCOUNTS IN LARGE PART
FOR THE RELENTLESSNESS
WITH WHICH PATIENTS
PURSUE THE UNATTAINABLE
BOTH THE RELENTLESSNESS
OF THEIR UNREALISTIC HOPE
AND ENTITLED SENSE
THAT SOMETHING IS THEIR DUE
AND THE RELENTLESSNESS
OF THEIR UNWAVERING OUTRAGE
IN THE FACE OF ITS BEING DENIED
15
HOW ARE BAD EXPERIENCES
AT THE HANDS OF THE INFANTILE OBJECT
INTERNALLY RECORDED AND STRUCTURALIZED?
FAIRBAIRN WRITES –
WHEN A CHILD’S NEED FOR CONTACT
IS FRUSTRATED BY HER MOTHER,
THE CHILD DEALS WITH HER FRUSTRATION
BY INTROJECTING THE BAD MOTHER
BASICALLY
THE CHILD TAKES THE BURDEN
OF HER MOTHER’S BADNESS
UPON HERSELF
IN ORDER NOT TO HAVE TO FEEL
THE PAIN OF HER GRIEF
16
DEFENSIVE INTROJECTION OF THE PARENT’S BADNESS
HAPPENS ALL THE TIME IN SITUATIONS OF ABUSE
THE PATIENT WILL RECOUNT EPISODES OF
OUTRAGEOUS ABUSE AT THE HANDS OF A PARENT
AND THEN REPORT THAT SHE FEELS
NOT ANGRY AT THE PARENT BUT GUILTY
IT IS EASIER TO EXPERIENCE HERSELF AS BAD
– AND UNLOVABLE –
THAN TO ALLOW HERSELF TO KNOW THE TRUTH
ABOUT HER PARENT AS BAD
– AND UNLOVING –
IT IS EASIER TO EXPERIENCE HERSELF
AS HAVING DESERVED THE ABUSE THAN TO
CONFRONT THE INTOLERABLY PAINFUL REALITY
THAT THE PARENT SHOULD NEVER
HAVE DONE WHAT SHE DID
17
A CHILD WHOSE HEART HAS BEEN BROKEN
BY HER PARENT WILL DEFEND HERSELF
AGAINST THE PAIN OF HER DISAPPOINTMENT BY
TAKING ON THE PARENT’S BADNESS AS HER OWN
THEREBY ENABLING HER TO PRESERVE
THE ILLUSION OF HER PARENT AS GOOD
AND AS ULTIMATELY FORTHCOMING
IF SHE (THE CHILD) COULD BUT GET IT RIGHT
BY INTROJECTING THE BAD PARENT
THE CHILD IS ABLE TO MAINTAIN
AN ATTACHMENT TO HER ACTUAL PARENT
AND, AS A RESULT, IS ABLE
TO HOLD ON TO HER HOPE THAT
PERHAPS SOMEDAY, SOMEHOW, SOME WAY,
WERE SHE TO BE BUT GOOD ENOUGH,
SHE MIGHT YET BE ABLE
TO COMPEL THE PARENT TO CHANGE
18
BUT WHAT DOES FAIRBAIRN SUGGEST
IS THE SPECIFIC NATURE
OF THE CHILD’S INTENSE ATTACHMENT
TO THIS INTERNAL BAD OBJECT?
ACCORDING TO FAIRBAIRN
A BAD PARENT IS A PARENT WHO FRUSTRATES
HER CHILD’S LONGING FOR CONTACT
BUT A SEDUCTIVE PARENT
– WHO FIRST SAYS YES AND THEN SAYS NO –
IS A VERY BAD PARENT
THEREFORE, WHEN THE CHILD HAS BEEN FAILED
BY A PARENT WHO IS SEDUCTIVE,
THE CHILD
– AS HER FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE –
INTROJECTS THIS EXCITING
BUT ULTIMATELY REJECTING PARENT
19
SPLITTING IS THE SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE
ONCE THE BAD OBJECT IS INSIDE,
IT IS SPLIT INTO TWO PARTS
THE EXCITING OBJECT
THAT OFFERS THE ENTICING PROMISE
OF RELATEDNESS
AND THE REJECTING OBJECT
THAT ULTIMATELY FAILS TO DELIVER
IS THE REJECTING (DEPRIVING) OBJECT
A GOOD OBJECT OR A BAD OBJECT
IS THE EXCITING (ENTICING) OBJECT
A GOOD OBJECT OR A BAD OBJECT
20
SPLITTING OF THE EGO GOES HAND IN HAND
WITH SPLITTING OF THE OBJECT
THE SO – CALLED LIBIDINAL EGO
ATTACHES ITSELF
TO THE EXCITING OBJECT
AND LONGS FOR CONTACT,
HOPING AGAINST HOPE
THAT THE OBJECT
WILL BE FORTHCOMING
THE ANTILIBIDINAL EGO
– WHICH IS A REPOSITORY FOR ALL THE HATRED
AND DESTRUCTIVENSS THAT HAVE ACCUMULATED
AS A RESULT OF FRUSTRATED LONGING –
ATTACHES ITSELF
TO THE REJECTING OBJECT
AND RAGES AGAINST IT
21
SO WHAT THEN
IS THE SPECIFIC NATURE
OF THE PATIENT’S ATTACHMENT
TO THE BAD OBJECT?
IT IS, OF COURSE,
IT IS BOTH LIBIDINAL
AND ANTILIBIDINAL
– OR AGGRESSIVE –
IN NATURE
THE BAD OBJECT
IS BOTH
LOVED
– BECAUSE IT EXCITES –
AND HATED
– BECAUSE IT REJECTS –
22
THE THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE
IS REPRESSION
– REPRESSION OF THE EGO’S ATTACHMENT
TO THE EXCITING / REJECTING OBJECT –
ACCORDING TO FAIRBAIRN
AT THE CORE OF THE REPRESSED IS
NOT AN IMPULSE, NOT A TRAUMA, NOT A MEMORY
RATHER
AT THE CORE OF THE REPRESSED IS
A FORBIDDEN RELATIONSHIP
AN INTENSELY CONFLICTED RELATIONSHIP
WITH A BAD OBJECT
THAT IS BOTH LOVED AND HATED
BUT BECAUSE THE ATTACHMENT IS REPRESSED,
THE PATIENT MAY BE UNAWARE
THAT BOTH SIDES EXIST
23
WHAT THIS MEANS CLINICALLY
IS THAT PATIENTS
WHO ARE RELENTLESS
IN THEIR PURSUIT
OF THE BAD OBJECT
MUST ULTIMATELY ACKNOWLEDGE
BOTH THEIR LONGING
FOR THE OBJECT
AND THEIR HATRED
OF THE OBJECT
IN THE AFTERMATH
OF ITS FAILURE OF THEM
24
ALTHOUGH FAIRBAIRN’S CLAIM
IS THAT HE IS WRITING
ABOUT SCHIZOID PERSONALITIES,
I BELIEVE THAT THE MANNER
IN WHICH HE CONCEPTUALIZES
THE “ENDOPSYCHIC SITUATION” OF THESE
SO – CALLED SCHIZOID PERSONALITIES
CAPTURES, IN A NUTSHELL,
THE PSYCHODYNAMICS
OF SADOMASOCHISTIC PATIENTS
MY CONTENTION WILL BE THAT
THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESS PURSUIT
OF THE BAD OBJECT
HAS BOTH
MASOCHISTIC AND SADISTIC COMPONENTS
25
PARENTHETICALLY
MY INTEREST IS NOT SPECIFICALLY
IN HOW SADOMASOCHISM
GETS PLAYED OUT IN THE SEXUAL ARENA
RATHER
I CONCEIVE OF SADOMASOCHISM
AS A DYSFUNCTIONAL RELATIONAL DYNAMIC
THAT WILL GET PLAYED OUT
– TO A GREATER OR LESSER EXTENT –
IN MOST OF THE RELENTLESS PATIENT’S
SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS
26
THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESS HOPE
– WHICH FUELS HER MASOCHISM –
IS THE STANCE TO WHICH
SHE DESPERATELY CLINGS
IN ORDER TO AVOID CONFRONTING
CERTAIN INTOLERABLY PAINFUL REALITIES
ABOUT THE OBJECT AND ITS SEPARATENESS
THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESS OUTRAGE
– WHICH FUELS HER SADISM –
IS THE STANCE TO WHICH
SHE RESORTS IN THOSE MOMENTS
OF DAWNING RECOGNITION
THAT THE OBJECT IS SEPARATE
AND CANNOT BE FORCED
TO BE SOMETHING IT ISN’T
27
THE MASOCHISTIC DEFENSE
OF RELENTLESS HOPE
AND THE SADISTIC DEFENSE
OF RELENTLESS OUTRAGE
GO HAND IN HAND
AND BOTH SPEAK TO THE PATIENT’S
REFUSAL TO CONFRONT THE TRUTH
ABOUT THE BAD (IMMUTABLE) OBJECT
28
MASOCHISM IS A STORY
ABOUT THE PATIENT’S HOPE
HER RELENTLESS HOPE
– HER HOPING AGAINST HOPE –
THAT PERHAPS
SOMEDAY, SOMEHOW, SOME WAY
WERE SHE TO BE BUT GOOD ENOUGH,
TRY HARD ENOUGH,
BE PERSUASIVE ENOUGH,
PERSIST LONG ENOUGH,
SUFFER DEEPLY ENOUGH,
OR BE MASOCHISTIC ENOUGH,
SHE MIGHT YET BE ABLE TO EXTRACT
FROM THE OBJECT
THE RECOGNITION AND LOVE
DENIED HER AS A CHILD
29
EVEN IN THE FACE OF INCONTROVERTIBLE
EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY,
THE PATIENT PURSUES THE OBJECT
OF HER DESIRE WITH A VENGEANCE
THE INTENSITY OF THIS RELENTLESS PURSUIT
FUELED BY HER ENTITLED CONVICTION
THAT THE OBJECT COULD GIVE IT
– WERE THE OBJECT BUT WILLING –
SHOULD GIVE IT
– BECAUSE THAT IS THE PATIENT’S DUE –
AND WOULD GIVE IT
– WERE SHE BUT ABLE TO GET IT RIGHT –
THE PATIENT’S INVESTMENT IS NOT SO MUCH
IN THE SUFFERING PER SE
AS IT IS IN HER WILLINGNESS TO SUFFER IF NEED BE
BECAUSE OF HER PASSIONATE HOPE
THAT PERHAPS THIS NEXT TIME …
30
SADISM IS THEN
THE RELENTLESS PATIENT’S REACTION
TO THE LOSS OF HOPE SHE EXPERIENCES
IN THOSE MOMENTS OF DAWNING RECOGNITION
THAT SHE IS NOT ACTUALLY GOING TO GET
WHAT SHE HAD SO DESPERATELY WANTED
AND FELT SHE NEEDED TO HAVE
IN ORDER TO GO ON
IN THOSE MOMENTS
OF ANGUISHED HEARTBREAK
WHEN SHE IS CONFRONTED HEAD – ON
WITH THE INESCAPABLE REALITY
OF THE OBJECT’S SEPARATENESS
AND REFUSAL TO RELENT
31
THE HEALTHY RESPONSE TO THE LOSS OF HOPE
IS TO CONFRONT THE PAIN
OF ONE’S DISAPPOINTMENT
GRIEVE THE LOSS OF ONE’S ILLUSIONS
ABOUT THE OBJECT
AND ADAPTIVELY INTERNALIZE
WHATEVER GOOD
THERE WAS IN THE RELATIONSHIP
A GROWTH – PROMOTING PROCESS
DESCRIBED IN SELF PSYCHOLOGY
AS TRANSMUTING
– OR STRUCTURE – BUILDING –
INTERNALIZATION
BUT THE RELENTLESS PATIENT DOES SOMETHING ELSE …
32
WITH THE DAWNING RECOGNITION
THAT THE OBJECT CAN BE
NEITHER POSSESSED AND CONTROLLED
NOR MADE OVER INTO WHAT
SHE WOULD HAVE WANTED IT TO BE,
THE RELENTLESS PATIENT WILL REACT
WITH THE SADISTIC UNLEASHING
OF A TORRENT OF ABUSE DIRECTED
TOWARDS HERSELF AND / OR
TOWARDS THE DISAPPOINTING OBJECT
– WHETHER IN ACTUAL FACT AND / OR IN FANTASY –
SHE WILL ALTERNATE BETWEEN
ENRAGED PROTESTS AT HER OWN INADEQUACY
AND SCATHING REPROACHES AGAINST THE OBJECT
FOR HAVING THWARTED HER DESIRE
SADISM IS THE RELENTLESS PATIENT’S
REACTION TO THE LOSS OF HOPE 33
CLINICAL VIGNETTE
SO IF A PATIENT SUDDENLY BECOMES ABUSIVE,
WHAT QUESTION MIGHT THE THERAPIST POSE
SUPPOSE THE THERAPIST ASKS THE PATIENT
“HOW DO YOU FEEL THAT I HAVE FAILED YOU?”
AT LEAST THE THERAPIST WILL HAVE KNOWN
ENOUGH TO ASK THE QUESTION
BUT SHE IS ALSO INDIRECTLY SUGGESTING
THAT THE ANSWER WILL BE PRIMARILY
A STORY ABOUT THE PATIENT
– AND THE PATIENT’S DISTORTED PERCEPTION
OF HAVING BEEN FAILED –
BETTER THEREFORE TO ASK
“HOW HAVE I FAILED YOU?”
34
NOW SHE WILL BE SIGNALING
HER RECOGNITION OF THE FACT THAT
SHE HERSELF MIGHT HAVE CONTRIBUTED
TO THE PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE
OF DISILLUSIONMENT AND HEARTACHE
INDEED
THE THERAPIST MUST HAVE
BOTH THE WISDOM TO RECOGNIZE
AND THE INTEGRITY TO ACKNOWLEDGE
THE PART SHE HERSELF
MIGHT HAVE PLAYED IN THE DRAMA
BEING RE – ENACTED BETWEEN THEM
BY FIRST HAVING SEDUCTIVELY STOKED
THE FLAMES OF THE PATIENT’S DESIRE
AND THEN HAVING DEVASTATED THE PATIENT
THROUGH HER FAILURE, ULTIMATELY, TO DELIVER
35
IN ANY EVENT
THE SADOMASOCHISTIC CYCLE
WILL BE REPEATED ONCE
THE (SEDUCTIVE) OBJECT
THROWS THE PATIENT A FEW CRUMBS
THE SADOMASOCHIST
– EVER HUNGRY FOR SUCH MORSELS –
WILL BECOME ONCE AGAIN HOOKED
AND REVERT TO HER ORIGINAL
– MASOCHISTIC –
STANCE OF SUFFERING,
SACRIFICE, AND SURRENDER
IN A REPEAT ATTEMPT TO GET
WHAT SHE SO DESPERATELY WANTS
AND FEELS SHE MUST HAVE
36
WHEN A THERAPEUTIC IMPASSE
ARISES IN THE TREATMENT
BECAUSE A PATIENT IS IN THE THROES
OF HER RELENTLESS PURSUIT OF THE THERAPIST,
IT IS OFTEN A STORY ABOUT
NOT ONLY THE PATIENT
BUT, AS NOTED EARLIER, ALSO THE THERAPIST
THE PATIENT’S CONTRIBUTION HAS TO DO,
ADMITTEDLY, WITH HER REFUSAL
TO TAKE NO FOR AN ANSWER,
BUT, AGAIN, THE THERAPIST MIGHT BE
UNWITTINGLY CONTRIBUTING
TO THE IMPASSE
BY WAY OF HER REFUSAL TO RELENT
37
IF THERAPEUTIC IMPASSES
ARE EVER TO BE RESOLVED,
THEN ULTIMATELY BOTH
PATIENT AND THERAPIST
MUST BE ABLE
– AND WILLING –
TO RELENT
… AND THE THERAPIST
MIGHT NEED TO DO IT FIRST
WHICH IS WHAT I THINK
I FORTUITOUSLY DID WITH SARA,
WHEN I FINALLY RELENTED,
BROKE DOWN, AND CRIED
… WHICH THEN ENABLED SARA TO RELENT
AND SHE BEGAN TO CRY
38
IN CONCLUSION
“GRIEVING IS NATURE’S WAY
OF HEALING A BROKEN HEART”
ROBERTA BECKMANN (1991)
AT THE END OF THE DAY
A PATIENT WHO IS CAUGHT UP
IN THE THROES OF NEEDING HER OBJECTS
TO BE OTHER THAN WHO THEY ARE
MUST BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY
TO CONFRONT – AND GRIEVE – THE
EXCRUCIATINGLY PAINFUL REALITY THAT
NO ONE WILL EVER BE FOR HER
THE GOOD PARENT FOR WHOM
SHE HAS SPENT A LIFETIME SEARCHING
39
IT WILL BE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SAFETY
PROVIDED BY THE RELATIONSHIP
WITH HER THERAPIST
THAT THE PATIENT WILL BE ABLE,
AT LAST, TO FEEL THE PAIN
AGAINST WHICH SHE HAS SPENT
A LIFETIME DEFENDING HERSELF
IN THE PROCESS TRANSFORMING
BOTH HER RELENTLESS NEED
TO POSSESS AND CONTROL
AND, WHEN THWARTED,
HER RETALIATORY NEED
TO PUNISH AND DESTROY
INTO THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO RELENT,
ACCEPT, GRIEVE, FORGIVE,
INTERNALIZE WHAT GOOD THERE WAS,
SEPARATE, LET GO, AND MOVE ON
40
THE BAD NEWS, OF COURSE, WILL BE
THE SADNESS THE PATIENT EXPERIENCES
AS SHE BEGINS TO ACCEPT
THE SOBERING REALITY THAT DISAPPOINTMENT
IS AN INEVITABLE AND NECESSARY
ASPECT OF RELATIONSHIP
THE GOOD NEWS, HOWEVER, WILL BE
THE WISDOM SHE ACQUIRES
AS SHE COMES TO APPRECIATE
EVER MORE PROFOUNDLY THE
SUBTLETIES AND NUANCES OF RELATIONSHIP
AND BEGINS TO MAKE HER PEACE
WITH THE HARSH REALITY
OF LIFE’S IMPERFECTIONS
SADDER PERHAPS, YES, BUT WISER TOO
41
HAROLD SEARLES (1979)
HAS SUGGESTED
THAT REALISTIC HOPE
ARISES IN THE CONTEXT
OF SURVIVING DISAPPOINTMENT
I AM HERE REMINDED OF
THE NEW YORKER CARTOON
IN WHICH A GENTLEMAN
– SEATED AT A TABLE IN A RESTAURANT
NAMED THE DISILLUSIONMENT CAFÉ –
IS AWAITING THE ARRIVAL OF HIS ORDER
THE WAITER RETURNS TO HIS TABLE
AND ANNOUNCES,
“YOUR ORDER IS NOT READY,
AND NOR WILL IT EVER BE”
42
43
THANK YOU!
STUART AND HIS BROTHER STEWART
IF YOU WOULD LIKE
TO BE ON MY
MAILING LIST,
PLEASE EMAIL ME AT
MarthaStarkMD @
HMS.Harvard.edu
TO LET ME KNOW
44
REFERENCES
BECKMANN R. 1991. CHILDREN WHO GRIEVE: A MANUAL FOR CONDUCTING
SUPPORT GROUPS. Learning Publications.
FAIRBAIRN W.R.D. 1963. SYNOPSIS OF AN OBJECT – RELATIONS THEORY OF
PERSONALITY. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 44:224 – 225.
RAKO S. 2003. SEMRAD: THE HEART OF A THERAPIST. BLOOMINGTON, IN:
iUniverse.
SEARLES H. 1979. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATURE HOPE IN THE PATIENT –
THERAPIST RELATIONSHIP. IN COUNTERTRANSFERENCE AND RELATED
SUBJECTS: SELECTED PAPERS, pp. 479 – 502. NEW YORK, NY:
International Universities Press.
STARK M. 2017. RELENTLESS HOPE: THE REFUSAL TO GRIEVE
(International Psychotherapy Institute eBook).
WINNICOTT D.W. 1965. THE MATURATIONAL PROCESSES AND THE
FACILITATING ENVIRONMENT. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
45

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Martha Stark MD – 2 Nov 2022 – Relentless Hope – The Refusal to Grieve.pptx

  • 1. RELENTLESS HOPE: THE REFUSAL TO GRIEVE MARTHA STARK MD MarthaStarkMD @ HMS.Harvard.edu Wednesday, November 2, 2022 VALLEY COMMUNITY COUNSELING CLINIC © 2022 Martha Stark MD 1
  • 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES ESTABLISH WHY RELENTLESS HOPE IS A DEFENSE IDENTIFY WHAT THE RELENTLESS PATIENT IS REFUSING TO CONFRONT REVIEW THE ROLE OF GRIEVING DEMONSTRATE THE IMPORTANCE OF RELENTING AND EVOLVING ULTIMATELY TO A PLACE OF SERENE ACCEPTANCE 2
  • 3. “PRETENDING THAT IT CAN BE WHEN IT CAN’T IS HOW PEOPLE BREAK THEIR HEARTS” ELVIN SEMRAD (2003) 3
  • 4. RELENTLESS HOPE MARTHA STARK (2017) A DEFENSE TO WHICH THE PATIENT CLINGS IN ORDER NOT TO HAVE TO FEEL THE PAIN OF HER DISAPPOINTMENT IN THE OBJECT THE HOPE A DEFENSE ULTIMATELY AGAINST GRIEVING 4
  • 5. THE PATIENT’S REFUSAL TO DEAL WITH THE PAIN OF HER GRIEF ABOUT THE OBJECT FUELS THE RELENTLESSNESS WITH WHICH SHE PURSUES IT BOTH THE RELENTLESSNESS OF HER HOPE THAT SHE MIGHT YET BE ABLE TO MAKE THE OBJECT OVER INTO WHAT SHE WOULD WANT IT TO BE AND THE RELENTLESSNESS OF THE OUTRAGE SHE EXPERIENCES IN THOSE MOMENTS OF DAWNING RECOGNITION THAT – DESPITE HER BEST EFFORTS AND MOST FERVENT DESIRE – SHE MIGHT NEVER BE ABLE TO MAKE THAT ACTUALLY HAPPEN 5
  • 6. IN ESSENCE WHAT FUELS THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESSNESS – BOTH HER RELENTLESS HOPE (LIBIDO) AND HER RELENTLESS OUTRAGE (AGGRESSION) – IS HER REFUSAL TO SIT WITH THE PAIN OF HER DISAPPOINTMENT IN THE OBJECT AN OBJECT SHE EXPERIENCES AS BAD BY VIRTUE OF THE FACT THAT IT IS NOT ALL THAT SHE WOULD HAVE WANTED IT TO BE 6
  • 7. BUT EVEN MORE FUNDAMENTAL IS THE FACT OF THE OBJECT’S EXISTENCE AS SEPARATE FROM HERS AS OUTSIDE THE SPHERE OF HER OMNIPOTENCE – WINNICOTT (1965) – AND AS THEREFORE UNABLE TO BE EITHER POSSESSED OR CONTROLLED THIS ILLUSION OF OMNIPOTENT CONTROL OVER THE OBJECTS OF HER DESIRE IS OFTEN ACCOMPANIED BY THE ENTITLED SENSE THAT SOMETHING IS HER DUE 7
  • 8. WHENEVER A PATIENT COMPLAINS BITTERLY ABOUT FEELING HELPLESS IT OFTEN SPEAKS TO HER NEED TO FORCE THE OBJECT TO CHANGE – IN SOME WAY THAT THE OBJECT COULD TECHNICALLY CHANGE – AND TO OUTRAGED FRUSTRATION AT BEING CONFRONTED WITH THE IMMUTABILITY OF THE OBJECT AND THE LIMITS OF HER POWER TO MAKE THAT OBJECT CHANGE 8
  • 9. PARADOXICALLY SUCH PATIENTS ARE NEVER RELENTLESS IN THEIR PURSUIT OF GOOD OBJECTS INSTEAD THEIR RELENTLESS PURSUIT IS OF THE BAD OBJECT THE COMPELLING NEED BECOMES FIRST TO RE – CREATE THE OLD BAD OBJECT AND THEN TO PRESSURE, MANIPULATE, PROD, FORCE, COERCE THIS OLD BAD OBJECT TO CHANGE 9
  • 10. THE PATIENT CAN REFIND THE OLD BAD OBJECT IN ANY ONE OF THREE WAYS SHE CAN CHOOSE A GOOD OBJECT AND THEN EXPERIENCE IT AS BAD – PROJECTION – SHE CAN CHOOSE A GOOD OBJECT AND THEN EXERT PRESSURE ON IT TO BECOME BAD – PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION – OR SHE CAN SIMPLY CHOOSE A BAD OBJECT TO BEGIN WITH 10
  • 11. CHOOSING A GOOD OBJECT IS NOT A VIABLE OPTION A GOOD OBJECT SIMPLY WILL NOT SATISFY HER NEED – FUELED BY THE REPETITION COMPULSION – IS TO RE – ENCOUNTER THE OLD BAD OBJECT AND THEN TO COMPEL THIS BAD OBJECT TO BECOME GOOD WHICH WILL THEN SYMBOLICALLY CORRECT FOR THE UNMASTERED RELATIONAL TRAUMAS THAT THE PATIENT HAD EXPERIENCED EARLY ON AT THE HANDS OF THE INFANTILE OBJECT 11
  • 12. AGAIN THE PATIENT’S REFUSAL TO DEAL WITH THE PAIN OF HER GRIEF ABOUT THE OBJECT FUELS THE RELENTLESSNESS WITH WHICH SHE PURSUES IT BOTH THE RELENTLESSNESS OF HER ENTITLED SENSE THAT SOMETHING IS HER DUE AND THE RELENTLESSNESS OF HER OUTRAGE IN THE FACE OF ITS BEING DENIED HOPING AGAINST HOPE SHE PURSUES THE OBJECT OF HER DESIRE WITH A VENGEANCE – REFUSING TO RELENT, REFUSING TO ACCEPT, REFUSING TO FORGIVE 12
  • 13. “WHEN A DEEP INJURY IS DONE US, WE NEVER RECOVER UNTIL WE FORGIVE” ALAN PATON 13
  • 14. CLINICAL VIGNETTE SARA – MY UNFORGIVABLE MISTAKE 14
  • 15. FAIRBAIRN’S INTENSE ATTACHMENTS (1963) “A BAD OBJECT IS INFINITELY BETTER THAN NO OBJECT AT ALL” ACCOUNTS IN LARGE PART FOR THE RELENTLESSNESS WITH WHICH PATIENTS PURSUE THE UNATTAINABLE BOTH THE RELENTLESSNESS OF THEIR UNREALISTIC HOPE AND ENTITLED SENSE THAT SOMETHING IS THEIR DUE AND THE RELENTLESSNESS OF THEIR UNWAVERING OUTRAGE IN THE FACE OF ITS BEING DENIED 15
  • 16. HOW ARE BAD EXPERIENCES AT THE HANDS OF THE INFANTILE OBJECT INTERNALLY RECORDED AND STRUCTURALIZED? FAIRBAIRN WRITES – WHEN A CHILD’S NEED FOR CONTACT IS FRUSTRATED BY HER MOTHER, THE CHILD DEALS WITH HER FRUSTRATION BY INTROJECTING THE BAD MOTHER BASICALLY THE CHILD TAKES THE BURDEN OF HER MOTHER’S BADNESS UPON HERSELF IN ORDER NOT TO HAVE TO FEEL THE PAIN OF HER GRIEF 16
  • 17. DEFENSIVE INTROJECTION OF THE PARENT’S BADNESS HAPPENS ALL THE TIME IN SITUATIONS OF ABUSE THE PATIENT WILL RECOUNT EPISODES OF OUTRAGEOUS ABUSE AT THE HANDS OF A PARENT AND THEN REPORT THAT SHE FEELS NOT ANGRY AT THE PARENT BUT GUILTY IT IS EASIER TO EXPERIENCE HERSELF AS BAD – AND UNLOVABLE – THAN TO ALLOW HERSELF TO KNOW THE TRUTH ABOUT HER PARENT AS BAD – AND UNLOVING – IT IS EASIER TO EXPERIENCE HERSELF AS HAVING DESERVED THE ABUSE THAN TO CONFRONT THE INTOLERABLY PAINFUL REALITY THAT THE PARENT SHOULD NEVER HAVE DONE WHAT SHE DID 17
  • 18. A CHILD WHOSE HEART HAS BEEN BROKEN BY HER PARENT WILL DEFEND HERSELF AGAINST THE PAIN OF HER DISAPPOINTMENT BY TAKING ON THE PARENT’S BADNESS AS HER OWN THEREBY ENABLING HER TO PRESERVE THE ILLUSION OF HER PARENT AS GOOD AND AS ULTIMATELY FORTHCOMING IF SHE (THE CHILD) COULD BUT GET IT RIGHT BY INTROJECTING THE BAD PARENT THE CHILD IS ABLE TO MAINTAIN AN ATTACHMENT TO HER ACTUAL PARENT AND, AS A RESULT, IS ABLE TO HOLD ON TO HER HOPE THAT PERHAPS SOMEDAY, SOMEHOW, SOME WAY, WERE SHE TO BE BUT GOOD ENOUGH, SHE MIGHT YET BE ABLE TO COMPEL THE PARENT TO CHANGE 18
  • 19. BUT WHAT DOES FAIRBAIRN SUGGEST IS THE SPECIFIC NATURE OF THE CHILD’S INTENSE ATTACHMENT TO THIS INTERNAL BAD OBJECT? ACCORDING TO FAIRBAIRN A BAD PARENT IS A PARENT WHO FRUSTRATES HER CHILD’S LONGING FOR CONTACT BUT A SEDUCTIVE PARENT – WHO FIRST SAYS YES AND THEN SAYS NO – IS A VERY BAD PARENT THEREFORE, WHEN THE CHILD HAS BEEN FAILED BY A PARENT WHO IS SEDUCTIVE, THE CHILD – AS HER FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE – INTROJECTS THIS EXCITING BUT ULTIMATELY REJECTING PARENT 19
  • 20. SPLITTING IS THE SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE ONCE THE BAD OBJECT IS INSIDE, IT IS SPLIT INTO TWO PARTS THE EXCITING OBJECT THAT OFFERS THE ENTICING PROMISE OF RELATEDNESS AND THE REJECTING OBJECT THAT ULTIMATELY FAILS TO DELIVER IS THE REJECTING (DEPRIVING) OBJECT A GOOD OBJECT OR A BAD OBJECT IS THE EXCITING (ENTICING) OBJECT A GOOD OBJECT OR A BAD OBJECT 20
  • 21. SPLITTING OF THE EGO GOES HAND IN HAND WITH SPLITTING OF THE OBJECT THE SO – CALLED LIBIDINAL EGO ATTACHES ITSELF TO THE EXCITING OBJECT AND LONGS FOR CONTACT, HOPING AGAINST HOPE THAT THE OBJECT WILL BE FORTHCOMING THE ANTILIBIDINAL EGO – WHICH IS A REPOSITORY FOR ALL THE HATRED AND DESTRUCTIVENSS THAT HAVE ACCUMULATED AS A RESULT OF FRUSTRATED LONGING – ATTACHES ITSELF TO THE REJECTING OBJECT AND RAGES AGAINST IT 21
  • 22. SO WHAT THEN IS THE SPECIFIC NATURE OF THE PATIENT’S ATTACHMENT TO THE BAD OBJECT? IT IS, OF COURSE, IT IS BOTH LIBIDINAL AND ANTILIBIDINAL – OR AGGRESSIVE – IN NATURE THE BAD OBJECT IS BOTH LOVED – BECAUSE IT EXCITES – AND HATED – BECAUSE IT REJECTS – 22
  • 23. THE THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE IS REPRESSION – REPRESSION OF THE EGO’S ATTACHMENT TO THE EXCITING / REJECTING OBJECT – ACCORDING TO FAIRBAIRN AT THE CORE OF THE REPRESSED IS NOT AN IMPULSE, NOT A TRAUMA, NOT A MEMORY RATHER AT THE CORE OF THE REPRESSED IS A FORBIDDEN RELATIONSHIP AN INTENSELY CONFLICTED RELATIONSHIP WITH A BAD OBJECT THAT IS BOTH LOVED AND HATED BUT BECAUSE THE ATTACHMENT IS REPRESSED, THE PATIENT MAY BE UNAWARE THAT BOTH SIDES EXIST 23
  • 24. WHAT THIS MEANS CLINICALLY IS THAT PATIENTS WHO ARE RELENTLESS IN THEIR PURSUIT OF THE BAD OBJECT MUST ULTIMATELY ACKNOWLEDGE BOTH THEIR LONGING FOR THE OBJECT AND THEIR HATRED OF THE OBJECT IN THE AFTERMATH OF ITS FAILURE OF THEM 24
  • 25. ALTHOUGH FAIRBAIRN’S CLAIM IS THAT HE IS WRITING ABOUT SCHIZOID PERSONALITIES, I BELIEVE THAT THE MANNER IN WHICH HE CONCEPTUALIZES THE “ENDOPSYCHIC SITUATION” OF THESE SO – CALLED SCHIZOID PERSONALITIES CAPTURES, IN A NUTSHELL, THE PSYCHODYNAMICS OF SADOMASOCHISTIC PATIENTS MY CONTENTION WILL BE THAT THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESS PURSUIT OF THE BAD OBJECT HAS BOTH MASOCHISTIC AND SADISTIC COMPONENTS 25
  • 26. PARENTHETICALLY MY INTEREST IS NOT SPECIFICALLY IN HOW SADOMASOCHISM GETS PLAYED OUT IN THE SEXUAL ARENA RATHER I CONCEIVE OF SADOMASOCHISM AS A DYSFUNCTIONAL RELATIONAL DYNAMIC THAT WILL GET PLAYED OUT – TO A GREATER OR LESSER EXTENT – IN MOST OF THE RELENTLESS PATIENT’S SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIPS 26
  • 27. THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESS HOPE – WHICH FUELS HER MASOCHISM – IS THE STANCE TO WHICH SHE DESPERATELY CLINGS IN ORDER TO AVOID CONFRONTING CERTAIN INTOLERABLY PAINFUL REALITIES ABOUT THE OBJECT AND ITS SEPARATENESS THE PATIENT’S RELENTLESS OUTRAGE – WHICH FUELS HER SADISM – IS THE STANCE TO WHICH SHE RESORTS IN THOSE MOMENTS OF DAWNING RECOGNITION THAT THE OBJECT IS SEPARATE AND CANNOT BE FORCED TO BE SOMETHING IT ISN’T 27
  • 28. THE MASOCHISTIC DEFENSE OF RELENTLESS HOPE AND THE SADISTIC DEFENSE OF RELENTLESS OUTRAGE GO HAND IN HAND AND BOTH SPEAK TO THE PATIENT’S REFUSAL TO CONFRONT THE TRUTH ABOUT THE BAD (IMMUTABLE) OBJECT 28
  • 29. MASOCHISM IS A STORY ABOUT THE PATIENT’S HOPE HER RELENTLESS HOPE – HER HOPING AGAINST HOPE – THAT PERHAPS SOMEDAY, SOMEHOW, SOME WAY WERE SHE TO BE BUT GOOD ENOUGH, TRY HARD ENOUGH, BE PERSUASIVE ENOUGH, PERSIST LONG ENOUGH, SUFFER DEEPLY ENOUGH, OR BE MASOCHISTIC ENOUGH, SHE MIGHT YET BE ABLE TO EXTRACT FROM THE OBJECT THE RECOGNITION AND LOVE DENIED HER AS A CHILD 29
  • 30. EVEN IN THE FACE OF INCONTROVERTIBLE EVIDENCE TO THE CONTRARY, THE PATIENT PURSUES THE OBJECT OF HER DESIRE WITH A VENGEANCE THE INTENSITY OF THIS RELENTLESS PURSUIT FUELED BY HER ENTITLED CONVICTION THAT THE OBJECT COULD GIVE IT – WERE THE OBJECT BUT WILLING – SHOULD GIVE IT – BECAUSE THAT IS THE PATIENT’S DUE – AND WOULD GIVE IT – WERE SHE BUT ABLE TO GET IT RIGHT – THE PATIENT’S INVESTMENT IS NOT SO MUCH IN THE SUFFERING PER SE AS IT IS IN HER WILLINGNESS TO SUFFER IF NEED BE BECAUSE OF HER PASSIONATE HOPE THAT PERHAPS THIS NEXT TIME … 30
  • 31. SADISM IS THEN THE RELENTLESS PATIENT’S REACTION TO THE LOSS OF HOPE SHE EXPERIENCES IN THOSE MOMENTS OF DAWNING RECOGNITION THAT SHE IS NOT ACTUALLY GOING TO GET WHAT SHE HAD SO DESPERATELY WANTED AND FELT SHE NEEDED TO HAVE IN ORDER TO GO ON IN THOSE MOMENTS OF ANGUISHED HEARTBREAK WHEN SHE IS CONFRONTED HEAD – ON WITH THE INESCAPABLE REALITY OF THE OBJECT’S SEPARATENESS AND REFUSAL TO RELENT 31
  • 32. THE HEALTHY RESPONSE TO THE LOSS OF HOPE IS TO CONFRONT THE PAIN OF ONE’S DISAPPOINTMENT GRIEVE THE LOSS OF ONE’S ILLUSIONS ABOUT THE OBJECT AND ADAPTIVELY INTERNALIZE WHATEVER GOOD THERE WAS IN THE RELATIONSHIP A GROWTH – PROMOTING PROCESS DESCRIBED IN SELF PSYCHOLOGY AS TRANSMUTING – OR STRUCTURE – BUILDING – INTERNALIZATION BUT THE RELENTLESS PATIENT DOES SOMETHING ELSE … 32
  • 33. WITH THE DAWNING RECOGNITION THAT THE OBJECT CAN BE NEITHER POSSESSED AND CONTROLLED NOR MADE OVER INTO WHAT SHE WOULD HAVE WANTED IT TO BE, THE RELENTLESS PATIENT WILL REACT WITH THE SADISTIC UNLEASHING OF A TORRENT OF ABUSE DIRECTED TOWARDS HERSELF AND / OR TOWARDS THE DISAPPOINTING OBJECT – WHETHER IN ACTUAL FACT AND / OR IN FANTASY – SHE WILL ALTERNATE BETWEEN ENRAGED PROTESTS AT HER OWN INADEQUACY AND SCATHING REPROACHES AGAINST THE OBJECT FOR HAVING THWARTED HER DESIRE SADISM IS THE RELENTLESS PATIENT’S REACTION TO THE LOSS OF HOPE 33
  • 34. CLINICAL VIGNETTE SO IF A PATIENT SUDDENLY BECOMES ABUSIVE, WHAT QUESTION MIGHT THE THERAPIST POSE SUPPOSE THE THERAPIST ASKS THE PATIENT “HOW DO YOU FEEL THAT I HAVE FAILED YOU?” AT LEAST THE THERAPIST WILL HAVE KNOWN ENOUGH TO ASK THE QUESTION BUT SHE IS ALSO INDIRECTLY SUGGESTING THAT THE ANSWER WILL BE PRIMARILY A STORY ABOUT THE PATIENT – AND THE PATIENT’S DISTORTED PERCEPTION OF HAVING BEEN FAILED – BETTER THEREFORE TO ASK “HOW HAVE I FAILED YOU?” 34
  • 35. NOW SHE WILL BE SIGNALING HER RECOGNITION OF THE FACT THAT SHE HERSELF MIGHT HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO THE PATIENT’S EXPERIENCE OF DISILLUSIONMENT AND HEARTACHE INDEED THE THERAPIST MUST HAVE BOTH THE WISDOM TO RECOGNIZE AND THE INTEGRITY TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE PART SHE HERSELF MIGHT HAVE PLAYED IN THE DRAMA BEING RE – ENACTED BETWEEN THEM BY FIRST HAVING SEDUCTIVELY STOKED THE FLAMES OF THE PATIENT’S DESIRE AND THEN HAVING DEVASTATED THE PATIENT THROUGH HER FAILURE, ULTIMATELY, TO DELIVER 35
  • 36. IN ANY EVENT THE SADOMASOCHISTIC CYCLE WILL BE REPEATED ONCE THE (SEDUCTIVE) OBJECT THROWS THE PATIENT A FEW CRUMBS THE SADOMASOCHIST – EVER HUNGRY FOR SUCH MORSELS – WILL BECOME ONCE AGAIN HOOKED AND REVERT TO HER ORIGINAL – MASOCHISTIC – STANCE OF SUFFERING, SACRIFICE, AND SURRENDER IN A REPEAT ATTEMPT TO GET WHAT SHE SO DESPERATELY WANTS AND FEELS SHE MUST HAVE 36
  • 37. WHEN A THERAPEUTIC IMPASSE ARISES IN THE TREATMENT BECAUSE A PATIENT IS IN THE THROES OF HER RELENTLESS PURSUIT OF THE THERAPIST, IT IS OFTEN A STORY ABOUT NOT ONLY THE PATIENT BUT, AS NOTED EARLIER, ALSO THE THERAPIST THE PATIENT’S CONTRIBUTION HAS TO DO, ADMITTEDLY, WITH HER REFUSAL TO TAKE NO FOR AN ANSWER, BUT, AGAIN, THE THERAPIST MIGHT BE UNWITTINGLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE IMPASSE BY WAY OF HER REFUSAL TO RELENT 37
  • 38. IF THERAPEUTIC IMPASSES ARE EVER TO BE RESOLVED, THEN ULTIMATELY BOTH PATIENT AND THERAPIST MUST BE ABLE – AND WILLING – TO RELENT … AND THE THERAPIST MIGHT NEED TO DO IT FIRST WHICH IS WHAT I THINK I FORTUITOUSLY DID WITH SARA, WHEN I FINALLY RELENTED, BROKE DOWN, AND CRIED … WHICH THEN ENABLED SARA TO RELENT AND SHE BEGAN TO CRY 38
  • 39. IN CONCLUSION “GRIEVING IS NATURE’S WAY OF HEALING A BROKEN HEART” ROBERTA BECKMANN (1991) AT THE END OF THE DAY A PATIENT WHO IS CAUGHT UP IN THE THROES OF NEEDING HER OBJECTS TO BE OTHER THAN WHO THEY ARE MUST BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO CONFRONT – AND GRIEVE – THE EXCRUCIATINGLY PAINFUL REALITY THAT NO ONE WILL EVER BE FOR HER THE GOOD PARENT FOR WHOM SHE HAS SPENT A LIFETIME SEARCHING 39
  • 40. IT WILL BE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF SAFETY PROVIDED BY THE RELATIONSHIP WITH HER THERAPIST THAT THE PATIENT WILL BE ABLE, AT LAST, TO FEEL THE PAIN AGAINST WHICH SHE HAS SPENT A LIFETIME DEFENDING HERSELF IN THE PROCESS TRANSFORMING BOTH HER RELENTLESS NEED TO POSSESS AND CONTROL AND, WHEN THWARTED, HER RETALIATORY NEED TO PUNISH AND DESTROY INTO THE ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO RELENT, ACCEPT, GRIEVE, FORGIVE, INTERNALIZE WHAT GOOD THERE WAS, SEPARATE, LET GO, AND MOVE ON 40
  • 41. THE BAD NEWS, OF COURSE, WILL BE THE SADNESS THE PATIENT EXPERIENCES AS SHE BEGINS TO ACCEPT THE SOBERING REALITY THAT DISAPPOINTMENT IS AN INEVITABLE AND NECESSARY ASPECT OF RELATIONSHIP THE GOOD NEWS, HOWEVER, WILL BE THE WISDOM SHE ACQUIRES AS SHE COMES TO APPRECIATE EVER MORE PROFOUNDLY THE SUBTLETIES AND NUANCES OF RELATIONSHIP AND BEGINS TO MAKE HER PEACE WITH THE HARSH REALITY OF LIFE’S IMPERFECTIONS SADDER PERHAPS, YES, BUT WISER TOO 41
  • 42. HAROLD SEARLES (1979) HAS SUGGESTED THAT REALISTIC HOPE ARISES IN THE CONTEXT OF SURVIVING DISAPPOINTMENT I AM HERE REMINDED OF THE NEW YORKER CARTOON IN WHICH A GENTLEMAN – SEATED AT A TABLE IN A RESTAURANT NAMED THE DISILLUSIONMENT CAFÉ – IS AWAITING THE ARRIVAL OF HIS ORDER THE WAITER RETURNS TO HIS TABLE AND ANNOUNCES, “YOUR ORDER IS NOT READY, AND NOR WILL IT EVER BE” 42
  • 43. 43 THANK YOU! STUART AND HIS BROTHER STEWART
  • 44. IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO BE ON MY MAILING LIST, PLEASE EMAIL ME AT MarthaStarkMD @ HMS.Harvard.edu TO LET ME KNOW 44
  • 45. REFERENCES BECKMANN R. 1991. CHILDREN WHO GRIEVE: A MANUAL FOR CONDUCTING SUPPORT GROUPS. Learning Publications. FAIRBAIRN W.R.D. 1963. SYNOPSIS OF AN OBJECT – RELATIONS THEORY OF PERSONALITY. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOANALYSIS 44:224 – 225. RAKO S. 2003. SEMRAD: THE HEART OF A THERAPIST. BLOOMINGTON, IN: iUniverse. SEARLES H. 1979. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATURE HOPE IN THE PATIENT – THERAPIST RELATIONSHIP. IN COUNTERTRANSFERENCE AND RELATED SUBJECTS: SELECTED PAPERS, pp. 479 – 502. NEW YORK, NY: International Universities Press. STARK M. 2017. RELENTLESS HOPE: THE REFUSAL TO GRIEVE (International Psychotherapy Institute eBook). WINNICOTT D.W. 1965. THE MATURATIONAL PROCESSES AND THE FACILITATING ENVIRONMENT. Madison, CT: International Universities Press. 45