SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 19
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Stem cells and regenerative medicine
Focus on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
(iPSCs)
Martha B. Lopez-Yrigoyen
BSc. (Hons), MSc., PhD Candidate, AFHEA
University of Edinburgh
© Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen, University of Edinburgh 2019 CC BY 4.0 (unless
otherwise stated ) 1
2
This presentation was developed by Martha Lopez Yrigoyen.
It is intended as a flexible tool for lectures and tutorials for first year students in the
Biological and Biomedical Sciences. Diagrams are also encouraged to be used by
scientists, science communicators and educators.
Not all slides will be useful for everyone or for every occasion. Slides can be
adapted for the purpose needed.
There are two main activities intended for undergraduate students to engage and
deepen their knowledge in the field of stem cells. The first activity is more general
and its aim is to familiarize students with the core concepts in stem cell and
regenerative medicine. The second activity is a novel and current example of how
induced pluripotent stem cells are being used in cutting edge biomedical research.
The two publications suggested for students to read can be swapped for other
examples.
Presentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Notes on this presentation
by Martha Lopez Yrigoyen
University of Edinburgh
How do we develop from just one cell?
3
Differentiated cells vs. Stem Cells
4
Self renewal
Maintains the
stem cell pool Differentiation
Replaces dead or
damaged specialized
cells throughout life
Why do Stem Cells self-renew and
differentiate?
5
What is ‘Pluripotency’?
o Totipotent: Capable of forming the entire organism,
including extra-embryonic tissues
o Pluripotent: Capable of forming every cell type in an
organism, including germ cells
o Multipotent: Capable of forming multiple lineages
comprising one or more entire tissues
o Oligopotent: Capable of forming two or more
lineages, within a tissue
o Unipotent: Capable of forming a single lineage within
a tissue
6
Types of Stem Cells
Embryonic stem cells
(ESCs)
Found in the blastocyst (very
early stage embryo that has
about 50 to 100 cells) Tissue stem cells
Found in different tissues
during fetus, baby and
adult stages Induced Pluripotent
Stem Cells (iPSCs)
Re-programmed cells
Peripheral blood
cells
Fibroblasts
OCT4 SOX2 C-MYC KLF4
Reprogramming
iPSCs
7
Outer layer of cells
= ‘Trophectoderm’ Placenta
Inner cell mass (ICM)
Blastocyst
ESCs taken from the
ICM
ESCs in Culture
(They can be
expanded and
differentiated)
Human Blastocyst (2007)
Mr. J Conaghan (for NIH),
Public Domain
CC0
8
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
ESCs in Culture
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Ectoderm
3 germ layers
9
Brain, spinal cord, nerve
cells, hair, skin, teeth,
sensory cells of eyes,
ears, nose, and mouth,
pigment cells.
muscles, blood, blood
vessels, connective
tissues, heart
gut (pancreas,
stomach, liver), lungs,
bladder, germ cells
(eggs or sperm)
Differentiation of ESCs
10
Activity 1
1. What do Embryonic Stem Cells look like under
the microscope?
2. What are some of the ethical implications of
using ESCs?
3. What techniques are used to genetically modify
ESCs?
4. What is a chimeric mouse?
muscles
skin
brain
breast
intestines (gut)bone marrow
11
Tissue Stem Cells
differentiation
Differentiation into specialized blood
cells:
red blood cells, white blood cells
(macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic
cells, etc.), platelets
12
Tissue Stem Cells
nerating Red Blood Cells in the lab
ody Lab-produced cells
roduce a central Can we improve the yield of red blood
ms to solve Rationale
PhD Project
vs.
xx
Haematopoietic stem cells
HSCs
(Multipotent)
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)
HSC
13
nerating Red Blood Cells in the lab
body Lab-produced cells
produce a central
e macrophage?
Can we improve the yield of red blood
cells with no nucleus?
ems to solve Rationale
PhD Project
2
vs.
x
x
Bone
Marrow
Self-renew
Committed progenitors Specialized cells
NK Cell
T-Cell
B-Cell
Dendritic cell
Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Monocyte Macrophage
Erythrocyte
Megakaryocyte Platelet
14
Peripheral blood
cells
Fibroblasts
OCT4 SOX2 C-MYC KLF4
Reprogramming
iPSCs
iPSCs behave like ESCs
They circumvent the ethical
implications!
Shinya Yamanaka received the Nobel
Prize in 2012 for the discovery that
specialized cells can be
reprogrammed into pluripotent cells
Ulla Montan, 2012
CC-BY –SA 4.0
No changes made
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yamanaka.jpg
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
iPSCs-an unlimited cell supply, amenable to
genetic manipulation
Peripheral
blood cells
Fibroblasts
OCT4 SOX2 C-MYC KLF4
Reprogramming
iPSCs
Differentiation
Genome Editing
Genome Edited iPSCs
Differentiation
15
Drug Testing Cell-Therapy In vitro models of
health and
disease
Human iPSCs and their genetic manipulation
provide a valuable tool
16
A case study… Genetically modified iPSC
derived macrophages
17
Macrophages are white blood cells that are:
• Difficult to genetically manipulate
• Prone to silencing of exogenous genes
• Heterogeneous on phenotype and very plastic (they change
phenotype upon slight changes in environmental cues)
Genetic manipulation of iPSCs and their differentiation
to macrophages represents a tool to modulate/stabilise
macrophage phenotype
18
Activity 2
Please read the following open-access articles:
Lopez-Yrigoyen M et al. 2018. ‘A human iPSC line capable of
differentiating into functional macrophages expressing ZsGreen: a tool for
the study and in vivo tracking of therapeutic cells’. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B
373: 20170219.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0219
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Lopez-Yrigoyen M et al. 2019 ‘ Genetic Programming of macrophages
generates an in vitro model for the human erythroid island niche’. Nature
Communications 10:881
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08705-0
License
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Questions to answer:
1. What are the advantages of iPSC derived
macrophages vs. peripheral blood derived
macrophages and vs. immortalised lines derived
macrophages?
2. What is a safe harbour locus?
3. How are iPSCs differentiated into macrophages?
4. What is a transcription factor? How are the authors
claiming to ‘program’ iPSC macrophages?
5. KLF1 activation in macrophages supports erythroid
maturation and enucleation… How?
19

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Stem cell and regenerative medicine
Stem cell and regenerative medicineStem cell and regenerative medicine
Stem cell and regenerative medicineManash Paul
 
Stem Cells in Cancer: A Review
Stem Cells in Cancer:  A ReviewStem Cells in Cancer:  A Review
Stem Cells in Cancer: A ReviewJovana Grbic
 
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCsInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCsRohit Satyam
 
Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology
Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology
Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology eminkansu
 
Recent Development in Regenerative Medicine
Recent Development in Regenerative MedicineRecent Development in Regenerative Medicine
Recent Development in Regenerative MedicineKumaraguru Veerasamy
 
Advances in stem cell technology
Advances in stem cell technologyAdvances in stem cell technology
Advances in stem cell technologyMANGLAM ARYA
 
Stem cells and regenerative medicine
Stem cells and regenerative medicineStem cells and regenerative medicine
Stem cells and regenerative medicineJibanjyotiDas2
 
Stem Cells And Potential Clinical Applications
Stem Cells And Potential Clinical ApplicationsStem Cells And Potential Clinical Applications
Stem Cells And Potential Clinical ApplicationsArtit Ungkanont
 
Stem cell & it's types
Stem cell & it's typesStem cell & it's types
Stem cell & it's typesMAULIK PATEL
 
Cell Therapy - Definitions and Classifications
Cell Therapy - Definitions and ClassificationsCell Therapy - Definitions and Classifications
Cell Therapy - Definitions and Classificationsnanog
 
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERING
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERINGINDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERING
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERINGharrisonjoshua
 
Introduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notesIntroduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notesMr. Motuk
 
Potential Uses of Stem Cells
Potential Uses of Stem CellsPotential Uses of Stem Cells
Potential Uses of Stem CellsVarun
 
Stem cells & related treatments modalities
Stem cells & related treatments modalitiesStem cells & related treatments modalities
Stem cells & related treatments modalitiesD Venkatesh Kumar
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Stem cell and regenerative medicine
Stem cell and regenerative medicineStem cell and regenerative medicine
Stem cell and regenerative medicine
 
Stem Cells in Cancer: A Review
Stem Cells in Cancer:  A ReviewStem Cells in Cancer:  A Review
Stem Cells in Cancer: A Review
 
Stem cell
 Stem cell Stem cell
Stem cell
 
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCsInduced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, iPSCs
 
Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology
Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology
Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Biology
 
Stem cells
Stem cellsStem cells
Stem cells
 
Recent Development in Regenerative Medicine
Recent Development in Regenerative MedicineRecent Development in Regenerative Medicine
Recent Development in Regenerative Medicine
 
Advances in stem cell technology
Advances in stem cell technologyAdvances in stem cell technology
Advances in stem cell technology
 
Stem cells
Stem cellsStem cells
Stem cells
 
Stem cells and regenerative medicine
Stem cells and regenerative medicineStem cells and regenerative medicine
Stem cells and regenerative medicine
 
Stem Cells And Potential Clinical Applications
Stem Cells And Potential Clinical ApplicationsStem Cells And Potential Clinical Applications
Stem Cells And Potential Clinical Applications
 
Stem cell & it's types
Stem cell & it's typesStem cell & it's types
Stem cell & it's types
 
Cell Therapy - Definitions and Classifications
Cell Therapy - Definitions and ClassificationsCell Therapy - Definitions and Classifications
Cell Therapy - Definitions and Classifications
 
Stem cell therapy
Stem cell therapy Stem cell therapy
Stem cell therapy
 
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERING
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERINGINDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERING
INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL AND GENOME ENGINEERING
 
Introduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notesIntroduction to stem cell notes
Introduction to stem cell notes
 
Potential Uses of Stem Cells
Potential Uses of Stem CellsPotential Uses of Stem Cells
Potential Uses of Stem Cells
 
Stem cells & related treatments modalities
Stem cells & related treatments modalitiesStem cells & related treatments modalities
Stem cells & related treatments modalities
 
Stem cell and its clinical implication
Stem cell and its clinical implicationStem cell and its clinical implication
Stem cell and its clinical implication
 
Stem cells in cardiac care
Stem cells in cardiac careStem cells in cardiac care
Stem cells in cardiac care
 

Ähnlich wie Stem cells and_regenerative_medicine

Martin Pera stem cells and the future of medicine
Martin Pera stem cells and the future of medicineMartin Pera stem cells and the future of medicine
Martin Pera stem cells and the future of medicineigorod
 
Stem Cell Technology and its Clinical Application
Stem Cell Technology and its Clinical ApplicationStem Cell Technology and its Clinical Application
Stem Cell Technology and its Clinical ApplicationDr. Barkha Gupta
 
Stem Cell Technologies: New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...
Stem Cell Technologies:  New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...Stem Cell Technologies:  New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...
Stem Cell Technologies: New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...bio-link
 
The cell and its evolution. Camila Duncan
The cell and its evolution. Camila DuncanThe cell and its evolution. Camila Duncan
The cell and its evolution. Camila DuncanCamila Duncan
 
Stem cell research boon or bane
Stem cell research boon or bane Stem cell research boon or bane
Stem cell research boon or bane Dr-Ranjit Rathod
 
Stem cell Research
Stem cell ResearchStem cell Research
Stem cell ResearchSatarupa Deb
 
EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLEXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLdbpublications
 
Informative Speech On Embryonic Stem Cells
Informative Speech On Embryonic Stem CellsInformative Speech On Embryonic Stem Cells
Informative Speech On Embryonic Stem CellsBrenda Zerr
 
Potential Therapeutic Application Of Stem Cell
Potential Therapeutic Application Of Stem CellPotential Therapeutic Application Of Stem Cell
Potential Therapeutic Application Of Stem CellStefanus Nofa
 
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4
Stem  Cell  Treatment At  Tiantan  Puhua  Hospital  4Stem  Cell  Treatment At  Tiantan  Puhua  Hospital  4
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4randyrobinsonpuhua
 
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital  4Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital  4
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4randyrobinsonclancy
 
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder  Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder NeurologyKota
 
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorderStem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorderNeurologyKota
 
Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014
Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014
Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014Pradeep Kumar
 
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells punnu_malik
 
INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...
INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...
INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...Anantha Kumar
 
Stem cell therapy
Stem cell therapyStem cell therapy
Stem cell therapyMika Ghosh
 

Ähnlich wie Stem cells and_regenerative_medicine (20)

Martin Pera stem cells and the future of medicine
Martin Pera stem cells and the future of medicineMartin Pera stem cells and the future of medicine
Martin Pera stem cells and the future of medicine
 
International Journal of Stem Cells & Research
International Journal of Stem Cells & ResearchInternational Journal of Stem Cells & Research
International Journal of Stem Cells & Research
 
Stem Cell Technology and its Clinical Application
Stem Cell Technology and its Clinical ApplicationStem Cell Technology and its Clinical Application
Stem Cell Technology and its Clinical Application
 
Stem Cell Technologies: New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...
Stem Cell Technologies:  New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...Stem Cell Technologies:  New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...
Stem Cell Technologies: New program development, sustainability, and dissemi...
 
The cell and its evolution. Camila Duncan
The cell and its evolution. Camila DuncanThe cell and its evolution. Camila Duncan
The cell and its evolution. Camila Duncan
 
Stem cell research boon or bane
Stem cell research boon or bane Stem cell research boon or bane
Stem cell research boon or bane
 
Stem cell Research
Stem cell ResearchStem cell Research
Stem cell Research
 
Regenerative medicine
Regenerative medicineRegenerative medicine
Regenerative medicine
 
EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLEXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF BLEBS IN HUMAN EMBRYONIC STEM CELL
 
Informative Speech On Embryonic Stem Cells
Informative Speech On Embryonic Stem CellsInformative Speech On Embryonic Stem Cells
Informative Speech On Embryonic Stem Cells
 
Potential Therapeutic Application Of Stem Cell
Potential Therapeutic Application Of Stem CellPotential Therapeutic Application Of Stem Cell
Potential Therapeutic Application Of Stem Cell
 
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4
Stem  Cell  Treatment At  Tiantan  Puhua  Hospital  4Stem  Cell  Treatment At  Tiantan  Puhua  Hospital  4
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4
 
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital  4Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital  4
Stem Cell Treatment At Tiantan Puhua Hospital 4
 
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder  Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
 
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorderStem cell therapy in neurological disorder
Stem cell therapy in neurological disorder
 
Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014
Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014
Tissue engineering and stem cell by regenerative medicine.pptx badal 2014
 
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced pluripotent stem cells
 
Stem cell
Stem cellStem cell
Stem cell
 
INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...
INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...
INTRODUCTION TO STEM CELL BIOLOGY DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION AND SOURCES OF ST...
 
Stem cell therapy
Stem cell therapyStem cell therapy
Stem cell therapy
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxArdeniel
 
Controlling Parameters of Carbonate platform Environment
Controlling Parameters of Carbonate platform EnvironmentControlling Parameters of Carbonate platform Environment
Controlling Parameters of Carbonate platform EnvironmentRahulVishwakarma71547
 
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxPSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxmarwaahmad357
 
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbitsgeometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbitsHassan Jolany
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPirithiRaju
 
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTMARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTjipexe1248
 
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)chatterjeesoumili50
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. MUKTA MANJARI SAHOO
 
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final yearMain Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final yearmarwaahmad357
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabkiyorndlab
 
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceKeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceLayne Sadler
 
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptxRole of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptxVaishnaviAware
 
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibioticsbiosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibioticsSafaFallah
 
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxSCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxROVELYNEDELUNA3
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusPradnya Wadekar
 
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchExploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchPrachya Adhyayan
 
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...marwaahmad357
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestAkashDTejwani
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptxQ3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
Q3W4part1-SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCI.pptx
 
Controlling Parameters of Carbonate platform Environment
Controlling Parameters of Carbonate platform EnvironmentControlling Parameters of Carbonate platform Environment
Controlling Parameters of Carbonate platform Environment
 
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docxPSP3 employability assessment form .docx
PSP3 employability assessment form .docx
 
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
Cheminformatics tools and chemistry data underpinning mass spectrometry analy...
 
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbitsgeometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
geometric quantization on coadjoint orbits
 
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdfPests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
Pests of cumbu_Identification, Binomics, Integrated ManagementDr.UPR.pdf
 
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
Cheminformatics tools supporting dissemination of data associated with US EPA...
 
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENTMARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN CROP IMPROVEMENT
 
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
TORSION IN GASTROPODS- Anatomical event (Zoology)
 
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function. Human brain.. It's parts and function.
Human brain.. It's parts and function.
 
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final yearMain Exam Applied biochemistry final year
Main Exam Applied biochemistry final year
 
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlabWorld Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
World Water Day 22 March 2024 - kiyorndlab
 
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data scienceKeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
KeyBio pipeline for bioinformatics and data science
 
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptxRole of herbs in hair care  Amla and  heena.pptx
Role of herbs in hair care Amla and heena.pptx
 
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibioticsbiosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
biosynthesis of the cell wall and antibiotics
 
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptxSCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
SCIENCE 6 QUARTER 3 REVIEWER(FRICTION, GRAVITY, ENERGY AND SPEED).pptx
 
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabusAlternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
Alternative system of medicine herbal drug technology syllabus
 
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & ResearchExploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
Exploration Method’s in Archaeological Studies & Research
 
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
001 Case Study - Submission Point_c1051231_attempt_2023-11-23-14-08-42_ABS CW...
 
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening TestSubstances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
Substances in Common Use for Shahu College Screening Test
 

Stem cells and_regenerative_medicine

  • 1. Stem cells and regenerative medicine Focus on Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Martha B. Lopez-Yrigoyen BSc. (Hons), MSc., PhD Candidate, AFHEA University of Edinburgh © Martha Lopez-Yrigoyen, University of Edinburgh 2019 CC BY 4.0 (unless otherwise stated ) 1
  • 2. 2 This presentation was developed by Martha Lopez Yrigoyen. It is intended as a flexible tool for lectures and tutorials for first year students in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences. Diagrams are also encouraged to be used by scientists, science communicators and educators. Not all slides will be useful for everyone or for every occasion. Slides can be adapted for the purpose needed. There are two main activities intended for undergraduate students to engage and deepen their knowledge in the field of stem cells. The first activity is more general and its aim is to familiarize students with the core concepts in stem cell and regenerative medicine. The second activity is a novel and current example of how induced pluripotent stem cells are being used in cutting edge biomedical research. The two publications suggested for students to read can be swapped for other examples. Presentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Notes on this presentation by Martha Lopez Yrigoyen University of Edinburgh
  • 3. How do we develop from just one cell? 3
  • 5. Self renewal Maintains the stem cell pool Differentiation Replaces dead or damaged specialized cells throughout life Why do Stem Cells self-renew and differentiate? 5
  • 6. What is ‘Pluripotency’? o Totipotent: Capable of forming the entire organism, including extra-embryonic tissues o Pluripotent: Capable of forming every cell type in an organism, including germ cells o Multipotent: Capable of forming multiple lineages comprising one or more entire tissues o Oligopotent: Capable of forming two or more lineages, within a tissue o Unipotent: Capable of forming a single lineage within a tissue 6
  • 7. Types of Stem Cells Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) Found in the blastocyst (very early stage embryo that has about 50 to 100 cells) Tissue stem cells Found in different tissues during fetus, baby and adult stages Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Re-programmed cells Peripheral blood cells Fibroblasts OCT4 SOX2 C-MYC KLF4 Reprogramming iPSCs 7
  • 8. Outer layer of cells = ‘Trophectoderm’ Placenta Inner cell mass (ICM) Blastocyst ESCs taken from the ICM ESCs in Culture (They can be expanded and differentiated) Human Blastocyst (2007) Mr. J Conaghan (for NIH), Public Domain CC0 8 Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
  • 9. ESCs in Culture Mesoderm Endoderm Ectoderm 3 germ layers 9 Brain, spinal cord, nerve cells, hair, skin, teeth, sensory cells of eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, pigment cells. muscles, blood, blood vessels, connective tissues, heart gut (pancreas, stomach, liver), lungs, bladder, germ cells (eggs or sperm) Differentiation of ESCs
  • 10. 10 Activity 1 1. What do Embryonic Stem Cells look like under the microscope? 2. What are some of the ethical implications of using ESCs? 3. What techniques are used to genetically modify ESCs? 4. What is a chimeric mouse?
  • 12. differentiation Differentiation into specialized blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, etc.), platelets 12 Tissue Stem Cells nerating Red Blood Cells in the lab ody Lab-produced cells roduce a central Can we improve the yield of red blood ms to solve Rationale PhD Project vs. xx Haematopoietic stem cells HSCs (Multipotent)
  • 13. Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) HSC 13 nerating Red Blood Cells in the lab body Lab-produced cells produce a central e macrophage? Can we improve the yield of red blood cells with no nucleus? ems to solve Rationale PhD Project 2 vs. x x Bone Marrow Self-renew Committed progenitors Specialized cells NK Cell T-Cell B-Cell Dendritic cell Basophil Eosinophil Neutrophil Monocyte Macrophage Erythrocyte Megakaryocyte Platelet
  • 14. 14 Peripheral blood cells Fibroblasts OCT4 SOX2 C-MYC KLF4 Reprogramming iPSCs iPSCs behave like ESCs They circumvent the ethical implications! Shinya Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in 2012 for the discovery that specialized cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells Ulla Montan, 2012 CC-BY –SA 4.0 No changes made https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yamanaka.jpg License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
  • 15. iPSCs-an unlimited cell supply, amenable to genetic manipulation Peripheral blood cells Fibroblasts OCT4 SOX2 C-MYC KLF4 Reprogramming iPSCs Differentiation Genome Editing Genome Edited iPSCs Differentiation 15
  • 16. Drug Testing Cell-Therapy In vitro models of health and disease Human iPSCs and their genetic manipulation provide a valuable tool 16
  • 17. A case study… Genetically modified iPSC derived macrophages 17 Macrophages are white blood cells that are: • Difficult to genetically manipulate • Prone to silencing of exogenous genes • Heterogeneous on phenotype and very plastic (they change phenotype upon slight changes in environmental cues) Genetic manipulation of iPSCs and their differentiation to macrophages represents a tool to modulate/stabilise macrophage phenotype
  • 18. 18 Activity 2 Please read the following open-access articles: Lopez-Yrigoyen M et al. 2018. ‘A human iPSC line capable of differentiating into functional macrophages expressing ZsGreen: a tool for the study and in vivo tracking of therapeutic cells’. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 373: 20170219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0219 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Lopez-Yrigoyen M et al. 2019 ‘ Genetic Programming of macrophages generates an in vitro model for the human erythroid island niche’. Nature Communications 10:881 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-08705-0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • 19. Questions to answer: 1. What are the advantages of iPSC derived macrophages vs. peripheral blood derived macrophages and vs. immortalised lines derived macrophages? 2. What is a safe harbour locus? 3. How are iPSCs differentiated into macrophages? 4. What is a transcription factor? How are the authors claiming to ‘program’ iPSC macrophages? 5. KLF1 activation in macrophages supports erythroid maturation and enucleation… How? 19