Oracle RAC 12c Overview

7/8/13

1

Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.1
Oracle Real Application
Clusters (RAC) 12c
Markus Michalewicz
Director of Product Management
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)

7/8/13

2

Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is
intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated
into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or
functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole
discretion of Oracle.
Agenda
§  Oracle RAC 12c Overview
§  Oracle RAC 12c for:
–  Better Business Continuity and High Availability
–  Cost-effective Workload Management
–  Standardized Deployment and System Management

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The New Oracle RAC 12c
Oracle RAC 12c provides:
1.  Better Business Continuity
and High Availability (HA)
2.  Agility and Scalability
3.  Cost-effective Workload Management
Using
§  A standardized and improved
deployment and management
§  A familiar and matured HA stack
Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC)
Oracle Grid Infrastructure (GI):
Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
Oracle Clusterware (OCW)
Oracle Flex ASM
CRM

Standardize on Oracle RAC
Different flavors, same management
Oracle GIDBA
DBA
Oracle GIDBA
DBA
DBA
Oracle RAC One Node
Oracle RAC
High Availability
Scalability
DBA
Oracle Restart
Oracle GI

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For better availability during maintenance operations
Oracle GIDBA
DBA
DBA
Oracle RAC
High Availability
Scalability
Online (rolling) Patch and PSU ApplicationOracle GIDBA
DBA
Oracle RAC One Node
For all the flexibility you need
Oracle GIDBA
DBA
Oracle GIDBA
DBA
DBA
Oracle RAC One Node
Oracle RAC
Flexibility
Scalability
Re-configuration
to enable cluster
Online
upgrade
DBA
Oracle Restart
Oracle GI

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For better agility and consolidation
Oracle GIDBA
DBA
Oracle RAC One Node
Oracle GIDBA
DBA
DBA
Oracle RAC
Consolidation
Agility
DBA
Oracle Restart
Oracle GI
Standardize on Oracle RAC and Oracle Multitenant
The new standard for Oracle Database Consolidation
Oracle GI
Oracle RAC One Node
Consolidation
Agility
Oracle GI
Oracle RAC

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Agenda
Application Continuity

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Dealing with Unknown Transaction State
CRM

DBA
DBA
DBA
DBA
DBA
Pre-Oracle Database 12c
§  Database outages can cause
in-flight work to be lost, leaving
users and applications in doubt
§  Often leads to
–  User pains
–  Duplicate submissions
–  Rebooting mid-tiers
–  Developer pains
Tackling In-Flight Work for Unplanned Outages
§  Transaction Guard
–  A Reliable protocol and API that returns the outcome of the last transaction
§  Application Continuity
–  Safely attempts to replay in-flight work following outages and planned
operations.
Two New Features

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Application Continuity
CRM

Masks Unplanned & Planned Outages
DBA
DBA
DBA
DBA
DBA
§  Replays in-flight (DML)
work on recoverable errors
§  Masks many hardware, software,
network, storage errors and
outages when successful
§  Improves end-user experience and
productivity without requiring
custom application development✔
Application Continuity – Example
Application Servers
Database Servers
End User
A reliable replay of in flight work
Network Switches
User selects product from
application and purchases it
from the web checkout
User transaction arrives at
application infrastructure. It
makes it’s way through the
application tiers and results in a
database transaction being
created

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Application Servers
Database Servers
End User
Network Switches The infrastructure hosting the
database fails just before the
transaction is committed to the
database.
Application Servers
Database Servers
End User
Network Switches
The jdbc driver detects the
failure and checks with an
available node in the cluster,
using “Transaction Guard”,
whether the transaction
committed or needs to be
replayed
If the transaction needs to be
replayed, “Application
Continuity” will submit all of the
inflight work to a surviving node
in the cluster and perform a
commit. This all happens
transparently to the application

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Application Servers
Database Servers
End User
Network Switches
The user receives confirmation
that his order has been
successfully completed.
Oracle Automatic Storage
Management (ASM) 12c

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The History of ASM
§  Pre-Oracle Database 10g storage management was provided by 3rd parties
§  Customer challenges
–  Large databases required considerable storage management
–  Best performance required raw storage
–  NFS solutions, while simple, did not perform as well as raw
–  For RAC, cluster file systems were not available
§  With Oracle 10g, ASM provided
–  Simplicity of management, even better than NFS solutions
–  Performance equal to raw disks
Why Oracle Developed ASM
The History of ASM
§  Integrated volume manager and file system
§  Stripe and mirror files across disks in a ASM Disk Group
§  Automatic “Rebalance”
§  Built on the Oracle instance architecture
§  Manage storage as a global cluster “shared Disk Groups”
The Simple Idea

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ASM Overview
Simplify the Stack
Server
Oracle Database
Operating System
Logical Volume Manager
File System
Server
Oracle Database
Operating System
ASM
File System and Volume Management
ASM Overview
Oracle Database 11.2 or earlier
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Node2
Disk Group BDisk Group A
Node3 Node5Node4
Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
One to One
Mapping of ASM
Instances to
Servers
Node1
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
DBA DBA DBB DBB DBCDBB
ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM

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Oracle ASM 12c – Overview
Oracle ASM 12c Standard Deployment
Disk Group BDisk Group AShared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
One to One
Mapping of ASM
Instances to
Servers
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node4Node3Node2Node1 Node5ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
Database Instance
DBA DBA DBCDBB DBBDBB
Introducing Oracle Flex ASM
Removal of One to One Mapping and HA
Groups
Wide File Striping
Databases share
ASM instances
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node5Node4Node3Node2Node1
Node5
runs as
ASM Client
to Node4
Node1
runs as
ASM Client
to Node2
Node1
runs as
ASM Client
to Node4
Node2
runs as
ASM Client
to Node3
ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
DBA DBA DBCDBB DBBDBB

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Flex ASM
§  In previous versions, ASM clients use OS-authentication to connect to ASM
–  This works because ASM clients and servers are always on the same server
§  With Oracle Database 12c,
ASM clients and ASM servers can be on different servers
–  A default configuration is created when the ASM cluster is configured
§  Benefits of providing a shared password file in ASM Disk Group
Remote Access
Supporting Pre-Oracle 12c Databases
Pre-Oracle 12c Databases require a local ASM instance
Groups
Wide File Striping
Databases share
ASM instances
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node5Node4Node3Node2Node1 ASM ASM ASM
DBA DBA DBC
ASM ASM
11g
DB
11g
DB
DBB DBBDBB

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Flex ASM
§  Increase maximum number of Disk Groups to 511
–  Previous limit was 63
§  Command for renaming ASM Disk
§  ASM instance Patch-level verification
–  Patch level verification is disabled during rolling patches
§  Replicated Physical Metadata
–  Improves reliability
–  Virtual Metadata has always been replicated with ASM mirroring
Other Flex ASM Features
Small ASM Features – Big Difference
Disk and disk group operations
Failure Group repair time
§  Similar to existing disk repair time
§  Default is 24 hours
§  Disk group attribute: failgroup_repair_time
Disk Resync
§  Accepts power limit
§  Range 1 (least resources)
to 1024 (most resources)
§  Checkpoints: failed operations
restart at the last checkpoint
Fast Disk Replacement
§  Efficient, atomic operation
§  No disk group reorganization required
Data Scrubbing
§  Check for logical consistency
(and repair from mirror)
§  during rebalance.
§  areas on demand
§  Protects seldom-accessed data

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Better availability and performance
Priority rebalancing
§  Optimized re-organization
§  Control files, log files rebalanced first
§  Lowers impact of secondary failure
Even Read
§  Distributes read requests evenly across all disks
§  Data read sent to least loaded disk
§  Enabled by default. Transparent to apps.
§  Preferred Read (for stretch clusters)
can still be enabled
Disk group content type
§  Data, recovery, or system type
§  Improved placement algorithm
for primary/secondary extents
§  Lowers impact of multiple disk failures
I/O offloading to Exadata storage cells
§  Rebalance uses fewer I/O resources
§  Faster rebalance
Small ASM Features – Big Difference
Agenda

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Policy-Managed Databases
Highly available workload management
Policy Min Max Importance
Online Retail 2 4 High
Self Service 1 2 Low
Free Pool Lowest
Allocate resources
§  As demand requires it
§  As the business requires it:
§  Over the period of one day
§  As the system requires it:
§  For automated management tasks
Better High Availability for any cluster
Improve HA
§  By choosing servers from the
least important server pool
§  Accommodating for double
or multiple subsequent failures
§  For planned maintenance:
§  Allocate backup servers in the cluster
1
2
Online Retail 2 4 High
Self Service 1 2 Low
Free Pool Lowest

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Customer quote: “Policy managed; It’s all about the workload”
Policy Logic defines:
§  Availability
§  Service Levels
§  Maint. windows
§  Performance
§  PCI requirements
§  Regional/business
§  Version
Americas 1 3 High
EMEA 1 3 High
“Server pools are dynamically adjusted”
“Uniform services….don’t care
where instances are or their
name. All about capacity and
workload”
“Instances are controlled by min/
max combined with services. No
more add/drop instance.”
“QoS is critical to our management”
Americas
EMEA
Policy-based Cluster Management
Server Pools that understand and make a difference
•  Oracle RAC 12.1
•  Scales out easier than ever (addNode)
•  Actively utilizes differently sized servers
•  Server Pool management has been improved
to understand server differences in the cluster:
•  Server attributes are stored per server
•  Server Pools are set up using Server Categories
•  Servers are allocated to pools based on categories
•  Combine only test servers in one pool
•  Remove servers from test-pool preferably
•  Ensure a minimum size of servers per pool
Server Categories
•  NAME
•  ACL
•  EXPRESSION
•  …
Server Attributes
•  NAME
•  MEMORY_SIZE

•  CPU_COUNT
•  CPU_CLOCK_RATE

•  CPU_HYPERTHREADING

•  CPU_EQUIVALENCY
• …

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What-If Command Evaluation
Complex cluster management made predictable
•  Oracle RAC 12.1
•  Helps to set up and validate policies
•  Helps to plan for downtime scenarios
•  Analyze the impact beforehand
•  Ensure smooth cluster operations
•  What-If Command Evolution supports:
•  Set Active Policy
•  Server Pool, server or resource modification
•  E.g. addition, relocation or removal
•  Special commands for failure evaluation
PROD
MAIL
Action: Move server
between pools
How it works
[grid@LnxRAC12Srv1 bin]$ ./srvctl config srvpool
...
Server pool name: mail
Importance: 0, Min: 1, Max: 3
...
Candidate server names:
Server pool name: prod
Importance: 0, Min: 1, Max: 2
...
The DBA view:
>> srvctl relocate server -servers lnxrac12srv1 -serverpool mail -eval
Database rac will be stopped on node lnxrac12srv1
Server lnxrac12srv1 will be moved from pool ora.prod to pool ora.mail
The cluster administrator view:
>> crsctl eval relocate server lnxrac12srv1 -to ora.mail -f
Stage Group 1:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stage Number Required Action
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Y Server 'lnxrac12srv1' will be moved from pools
[ora.prod] to pools [ora.mail]
2 Y Resource 'ora.rac.db' (1/1) will be in state
[OFFLINE]
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Action: Move server
between pools
PROD
MAIL

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Small Oracle RAC 12c Feature – Big Difference
Optimized Flexibility and Agility
Support for IPv6 Based IP Addresses
for Oracle RAC Client Connectivity
§  Cluster nodes can be configured to use either
IPv4 or IPv6 based IP addresses or both
§  for the Virtual IPs (VIP) on the public network
§  more than one public network can be defined
Restricted Service Registration
§  Restrict clients from accessing a database
registered with a Oracle Grid Infrastructure
managed listener using various conditions
§  For example: on a per-subnet basis
Per-subnet (multiple) SCAN support
§  Multiple SCANs can be configured per cluster
§  On a per-subnet basis
§  Subnets need to be distinguishable
Named User Support for
Oracle RAC Services on Windows
§  Oracle RAC supports running various
Oracle RAC services as different users.
§  This is a Windows-specific feature
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Insert Information Protection Policy Classification from Slide 1244
Agenda

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Standardize on Oracle RAC and Oracle Multitenant
The new standard for Oracle Database Consolidation
Oracle GI
Oracle RAC One Node
Consolidation
Agility
Oracle GI
Oracle RAC
Oracle RAC Support
for Oracle Multitenant

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Oracle RAC support for Oracle Multitenant
Start off with a Single Instance, non-CDB
Server
Database Instance
Services
Server
Database Instance
CRM
North
CRM
South
Services CRM
Reporting
Convert to a RAC Database, non-CDB
Node 1
RAC Instance 1
Services
Node 1
RAC Instance 1
CRM
North
CRM
South
Services
Node 2
RAC Instance 2
CRM
Reporting

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Convert to a CDB RAC Database
Node2
CDB Instance 2
Node1
CDB Instance 1
CDB
Services
Expand Cluster to Support Flexible Consolidation Model
Services
Single SGA per
CDB Instance
Improved Agility With Changing Workloads
Node1
CDB Instance 1
Node2
CDB Instance 2
Multitenant Container Database (CDB)

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Services
Single SGA per
CDB Instance
Expand Cluster to Support Flexible Consolidation Model
Node1
CDB Instance 1
Node2
CDB Instance 2
Node3
CDB Instance 3
Improved Agility With Changing Workloads
Multitenant Container Database (CDB)
Oracle RAC
and
Virtualization

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Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted54
Private Database Cloud Architectures
Oracle Database 12c
Dedicated Databases
share servers and OS
Virtual Machines
share servers
Pluggable Databases
share servers, OS and database
Increasing Consolidation
Virtualization – a Black Box Approach
A simple solution without insight
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0 Hypervisor
Guest
Dom-0
Guest
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0Hypervisor
Dom-0
GuestGuest

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Live Migration = Moving a Black Box
Live Migration moves a black box from one server to another
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0 Hypervisor
Guest
Dom-0
Guest
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0Hypervisor
Dom-0
GuestGuest
Live Migration
Virtual Machine HA = Restarting a Black Box
Virtual Machine HA restarts / fails over a virtual machine on failure
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0 Hypervisor
Guest
Dom-0
Guest
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0Hypervisor
Dom-0
GuestGuest

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Virtual Machine HA = Restarting a Black Box
But what if the application needs attention?
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0 Hypervisor
Guest
Dom-0
Guest
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0Hypervisor
Dom-0
Guest
DBA
?
High Availability Requires Insight
The Oracle RAC Stack provides the insight
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0 Hypervisor
Guest
Dom-0
Guest
Bare-Metal Server
DOM-0Hypervisor
Dom-0
GuestGuest
DBC1DBA1
+1
DBC2 DBA2
+1

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Oracle Flex Cluster
Oracle Flex Cluster
Flexibility and High Availability as demand requires it
§  Oracle Flex Cluster
–  A new Oracle Clusterware based
High Availability clustering topology
§  Utilizing two types of cluster nodes:
–  Hub nodes
§  Traditional nodes, tightly coupled via network and
storage, used for running IO intensive workload
–  Leaf nodes
§  A new type of node that runs a lighter weight stack
§  Maintain their own failure and heartbeat settings
§  Do not require direct shared storage connectivity
§  Used for processing oriented (application) workload
–  Leaf nodes can be virtualized.
Hub Nodes
Leaf Nodes

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Oracle Flex Cluster
The new standard for resource management in the cluster
DBA
DBA
DBA
DBB
DBB
Hub Nodes
Leaf Nodes
§  Oracle Flex Cluster:
–  The new standard for flexible
resource management in the cluster
§  Use it as demand requires it
§  Inherits all Flex ASM HA capabilities
§  Enables policy-managed clusters.
–  Efficient High Availability and
resource management across tiers
§  Lightweight cluster stack on leaf nodes
–  Benefit from virtualization and
physical deployments in one cluster
Oracle Flex Cluster
Better HA clustering for all applications
DBA
DBA
DBA
DBB
DBB
§  Standardized management across applications
–  Global resource allocation and dependencies
–  Oracle Bundled Agents (XAG) for application HA
§  www.oracle.com/goto/clusterware
Start
Stop

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