2. CHEMISTRY is the science that deals with the
identification of the substances of which matter is
composed; the investigation of their properties and the
ways in which they interact, combine, and change; and
the use of these processes to form new substances.
Branches of Chemistry:
• Organic Chemistry involves the study of the structure,
properties and reactions of matter that contain carbon atoms
• Inorganic chemistry It involves the study of the reactions,
structures and properties of compounds that do not contain
carbon atoms
• Biochemistry involves the study of the chemical processes that
occur within living organisms
• Analytical chemistry involves the development of methods to
measure physical properties of substances and apply those
techniques to the identification and quantification of such
substances.
3. • Physical chemistry involves the study with the relations
between the physical properties of substances and their
chemical composition and transformations.
• Agrochemistry involves the application of chemistry for
agricultural production, food processing, and
environmental remediation as a result of agriculture.
• Astrochemistry involves the study of the reactions and
composition of chemical elements found in space and in
stars.
• Electrochemistry involves the study of chemical reactions
in a solution at the interface between an ionic conductor
and an electrical conductor
• Geochemistry involves the study of the chemical
composition and chemical processes associated with the
Earth and other planets.
• Environmental Chemistry is associated with soil, air, and
water and of human impact on natural systems.
4. MATTER is defined as anything that occupies space
and has mass. It occurs in three phases here on earth
SOLID retain a fixed volume and shape. They do not follow the shape of
the container.
LIQUID assume the shape of the container. However, like solids, liquids
have fixed volume.
GAS have no definite shape and no definite volume. They take the shape
and volume of the container.
5. THE PARTICULATE STATE OF MATTER is an idea that
matter is made of very small particles called
atoms.
In a solid, the particles are arranged tightly and are close to each
other. They vibrate in fixed position.
In liquids, particles are less disordered than on gases but are not
as arranged as in solids. The particles are not tightly packed but
still close to one another. Particles are free to move.
In a gas, the particles are not arranged orderly and compared to
the other states of matter, they move the fastest. Also, the
particles are very far from each other.
6. • Density is the measure of the quantity of some
physical property usually obtained by getting the mass
per unit length, mass per unit area, or mass per unit
volume. Gasses have the lowest density.
• Compressibility is the measure of a fluid’s volume
change when the pressure acting on it also changes.
Solids are almost incompressible, liquids are slightly
compressible and gasses have the highest
compressibility of the three.
• Diffusion means the spreading of something widely.
Solids diffuse at an extremely slow rate, liquids diffuse
faster than solids and gasses diffuse the fastest.
8. • The Physical Properties of a matter are the
characteristics of a matter than can be
measured without changing the
composition or identity of the substance.
Usually, you can observe the physical
property of a substance by just observing it
with your senses or by using a measuring
apparatus.
• Examples of physical properties include:
area, volume, boiling point, freezing
point, melting point, color, density,
hardness, length, luster, malleability,
smell, and temperature
9. • The Chemical Properties of a matter are the
characteristics of a matter that can be
measured or observed during a chemical
reaction. Oftentimes, in order to determine the
chemical property of a substance, you first it
burn it, submerge it in water or acid or the
electrocute it. These properties describe how a
certain substance will react with another
substance.
• Examples of chemical properties include:
flammability, heat of combustion, toxicity,
and radioactivity. Chemical properties
basically tell you what will happen to the
substance if the substance reacts with water,
with air, with fire, with acid or with
electricity.
11. • Intensive properties are independent on the
amount of the matter or substance. Examples of
intensive properties include color, taste, melting
point, boiling point, density, luster and
hardness. As you can see, the values of these
properties do not change whether the amount
of the substance changes.
• For example, whether you have one glass of water or one
bucket of water, the density of the water does not change.
Whether you have one pitcher of apple juice or one glass of
apple juice, the taste of the apple juice does not change.
12. • Extensive properties are dependent on the
amount of the matter or substance. Examples of
extensive proper include mass, volume, length,
area and shape. As we can see here, the more
substance that we have, the higher will be the
values of these properties.
• For example, the more water you have, the greater is its
volume. The more substance you have, the more is its mass
– the heavier the object is.
