1.
SAMPLING METHODS
Arranged and presented by
MARK BRYAN B. LOTERTE, MPA
Adopted from the write-ups of
Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI

2.
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•Relearn the reasons for sampling
•Develop an understanding about
different sampling methods
•Distinguish between probability & non
probability sampling
•Discuss the relative advantages &
disadvantages of each sampling
methods

3.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
•Solve the scrambled words
and after chose among
your group a person that
will define or give an
insight about the
identified word.

4.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
DTROUCNITINO
1
(Answer INTRODUCTION)

5.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
RAGELEN
NQUSETOI
2
(Answer GENERAL QUESTION)

6.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
ERHCARSE
SINDGE
3
(Answer RESEARCH DESIGN)

7.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
CHRSEARE
CKBARGOUND
4
(Answer RESEARCH BACKGROUND)

8.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
RSEECHAR
OTLO
5
(Answer RESEARCH TOOL)

9.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
DERALTE
TELITURAER
6
(Answer RELATED LITERATURE)

10.
LET US RECALL AND PLAY!!
CIIFSPCE
NQUSETOIS
7
(Answer SPECIFIC QUESTIONS)

11.
LET US TALK…
Reflect on the given
picture.
1. What is the picture
about?
2. What is the significance
of Survey to the airing
period of a TV show?

12.
SHARING OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH OUTPUT.
1. What are your sampling
methods in your previous
researches (PR1 and R2)?

13.
RUBRICS FOR CHAPTER-III
CRITERIA
SCORE
Poor
(1-3)
Fair
(4-7)
Good
(8-10)
CONTENT OF METHODOLOGY
1. RESEARCH DESIGN
a. The research design must be appropriate for the study.
b. The sampling method must be carried out correctly in the study.
c. The data collection method must be appropriate for the chosen
research design.
2. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
a. The research instrument was properly constructed.
b. Questions for the respondents are specific, related to the topic,
appropriate, and convenient for the respondents.
3. PROCEDURE
a. The procedure demonstrated research skills.
b. The procedure was stated in detailed and chronological manner.
c. The flowchart reflected the summarized step-by-step procedure of the
study.

14.
RUBRICS FOR CHAPTER-III
CRITERIA
SCORE
Poor
(1-3)
Fair
(4-7)
Good
(8-10)
FORMAT IN METHODOLOGY
1. SENTENCE AND PARAGRAPH CONSTRUCTION
a. Sentences must be written in correct grammar.
b. Proper tense of verbs for reporting and third person point of
view must be used.
c. The whole literature must be written in a creative and
orderly manner.
2. PAPER
a. Correct font style and size must be followed (Times New
Roman, font size 12, double-spaced, etc.).
b. The paragraphs must be properly indented.
c. The output must be presentable.

15.
HISTORY OF SAMPLING…….
The beginning of sampling could be traced back to the
early political activities of the Americans in 1920 when
Literary Digest did a pioneering survey about the
Americans citizens’ favorite among the 1920
presidential candidates. This was the very first survey
that served as the impetus for the discovery by
academic researchers of other sampling strategies
that they categorized into two classes: probability
sampling or unbiased sampling and non-probability
sampling. (Babbie 2013)

16.
SAMPLING
• Sampling is a word that refers to your method or process
of selecting respondents or people to answers questions
meant to yield data for a research study. The chosen
ones constitute the sample through which you will derive
facts and evidence to support the claim or conclusions
propounded by your research problem. The bigger group
from where you choose the sample is called population,
and sampling frame is the term used to mean the list of
the members of such population from where you will get
the sample. (Paris 2013)

17.
SAMPLING
•A sample is “a smaller (but
hopefully representative)
collection of units from a
population used to determine
truths about that population”
(Field, 2005)

18.
SAMPLING
•Why sample?
Resources (time, money) and
workload
Gives results with known accuracy
that can be calculated
mathematically

19.
SAMPLING
•The sampling frame is the list from
which the potential respondents are
drawn
Registrar’s office
Class rosters
Must assess
sampling frame errors

20.
SAMPLING
• What is your population of interest?
• To whom do you want to generalize your
results?
• All doctors
• School children
• Indians
• Women aged 15-45 years
• Other
• Can you sample the entire population?

21.
SAMPLING
•3 factors that influence sample
representativeness
• Sampling procedure
• Sample size
• Participation (response)
•When might you sample the entire population?
• When your population is very small
• When you have extensive resources
• When you don’t expect a very high response

22.
SAMPLING
22
TARGET POPULATION
STUDY POPULATION
SAMPLE

23.
SAMPLING

24.
Probability Sampling
• Probability sampling involves all members listed
in the sampling frame representing a certain
population focused on by your study. An equal
chance of participation in the sampling or
selection process is given every members listed in
the sampling frame. By means of the unbiased
sampling, you are able to obtain a sample that is
capable of representing the population under
study or of showing strong similarities in
characteristics with the members of the
population.

25.
Probability Sampling
• The right sample size also depends on whether or not
the group is heterogeneous or homogeneous. The
first group requires a bigger size; the second, a
smaller one. For a study in the field of social
sciences requiring an in-depth investigation of
something such as one involving the national
government, the right sample size ranges from 1,000
to 1,500 or up 2,500. On the other hundreds, not
thousands, of respondents suffice for a study about
any local government unit. (Suter 2012; Emmel 2013)

26.
Non-Probability Sampling
•Non-probability sampling is disregards
random selection of subjects. The subjects
are chosen based on their availability or the
purpose of the study, and in some cases, on
the sole discretion of the researcher. This is
not a scientific way of selecting
respondents. Neither does it offer a valid or
an objective way of detecting sampling
errors. (Edmond 2013)

27.
SAMPLING
•Probability (Random)
Samples
1. Simple random
sample
2. Systematic random
sample
3. Stratified random
sample
4. Cluster sample
•Non-Probability
Samples
1. Quota
2. Voluntary
3. Purposive sample
4. Convenience sample
5. Availability
6. Snowball

28.
SAMPLING
Probability
(Random)
Samples
A

29.
Simple Random Sampling
• Simple random sampling is the best type of
probability sampling through which you can
choose sample from a population. Using a pure-
chance selection, you assure every members the
same opportunity to be in the sample. Here, the
only basics of including or excluding a members is
by chance or opportunity, not by any occurrence
accounted for by cause-effect relationships.
Sample random sampling happens through any of
these two methods: (Burns 2012)
1

30.
Systematic Sampling
• For this kind of probability sampling, chance
and system are the ones to determine who
should compose the sample. For instance, if you
want to have a sample of 100, you may select a
set of numbers like 1 to 15, out of a list of 1,500
students, take every 15th name of the list until
you complete the total numbers of respondents
to constitute your sample.
2

31.
Systematic Sampling
2

32.
Stratified Sampling
•The group comprising the sample is
chosen in a way that such group is
liable to subdivision during the data
analysis stage. A study needing group-
by-group analysis finds stratified
sampling the right probability sampling
to use.
3

33.
Cluster Sampling
•This is a probability sampling that makes
you isolate a set of person instead of
individual members to serves as sample
members. For example, if you want to have
a sample of 120 out of 1,000 students, you
can randomly select three section with 40
students each to constitute the sample.
4

34.
SAMPLING
Non-
Probability
Samples
B

35.
Quota Sampling
• You resort to quota sampling when you think you know
the characteristics of the target population very well.
In this case, you tend to choose sample members
possessing or indicating the characteristics of the target
population. Using a quota or a specific set of a person
whom you believe to have the characteristics of the
target population involved in the study is your way of
showing that the sample you have chosen closely
represent the target population as regards such
characteristics.
1

36.
Voluntary Sampling
•Since the subjects you expect to
participate in the sample selection
are the ones volunteering to
constitute the sample, there is no
need for you to do any selection
process.
1

37.
Purposive or Judgmental Sampling
•You choose people whom you
are sure could correspond to
the objectives of your study,
like selecting those with rich
experience or interest in your
study.
2

38.
Availability Sampling
• The willingness of a person as your subjects to
interact with your counts a lot in this non-
probability sampling method. If during the data
collection time, you encounter people walking on
a school campus, along corridors, and along the
park of employees lining up at an office, in these
people show willingness to respond to your
question, then you automatically consider them as
your respondents.
3

39.
Snowball Sampling
• Similar to snow expanding widely or rolling rapidly, this
sampling method does not give a specific set of sample.
This is true for a study involving unspecified group of
people. Dealing with varied groups of people such as
street children, mendicants, drug dependents, call
center, workers, informal settlers, street vendors, and
the like is possible in this kind of non-probability
sampling. Free to obtain data to any group just like
snow freely expanding and accumulating at a certain
place, you tend to increase the number of people you
want to form the sample of your study. ( Harding 2013)
4

40.
Questions?
Anything
that you
want to
CLARIFY?

41.
Questions?
•What will happen if
the selection does
not take place in the
way it is planned?
•What do you call
this instance?

42.
A Sampling Error
•Crops up if the selection does not take
place in the way it is planned. Such
sampling error is manifested by strong
dissimilarity between the sample and the
ones listed in the sampling frame. (P) How
numerous the sampling errors are depends
on the size of the sample.

43.
A Sampling Error
How will you avoid
the said instance
(Sampling Error)?

44.
A Sampling Error
Some
Tips!!!

45.
A Sampling Error
•The smaller the sample is, the bigger
the number of sampling errors. Thus,
choose to have a bigger sample of
respondents to avoid sampling errors.
However, deciding to increase the size
of your sample is not so easy.

46.
A Sampling Error
•There are these things you have to mull
over in finalizing about this such as
express for questionnaires and
interview trips, interview schedules,
and time for reading respondents’
answers.

47.
Sharing what we Learned..

48.
LET US APPLY OUR LEARNINGS
As pre identified before,
based on strength or
interest you were grouped
according to

49.
LET US APPLY OUR LEARNINGS
A. Making a Poem/
Jingle
B. Dramatization
c. News Reporting

50.
LET US APPLY OUR LEARNINGS
Each Group will be
given at lest 2 minutes
to prepare and 2
Minutes to Execute their
Activity.

51.
Remember this one!!
1. What are the benefits of
a Survey to the following
industries, to wit;
A. Politics
B. TV Shows
2. In general what are the
benefits of Sampling?

52.
Assignment
•Having the idea of the
content of Research Design
and Research Sample, per
group decide on your
Research Instrumentation.

53.
LET ME SAY
THANK
YOU…