2. Functionalist Perspectives
Conflict Perspectives
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives
Sociologists today emply three primary
theoretical perspectives:
These perspectives offer sociologists
theoretical paradigms for explaining how
society influences people, and how people
influence society. Each perspectives uniquely
conceptualizes society, social forces and
human behavior.
3. Sociologists see educations as one of the major
institutions that constitutes society. while
theories guide research and policy formulation
in the sociology of education, they also provide
logical explanations for why this happen the
way they do.
5. CONCENSUS THEORY
viewed shared norms and values as
fundamental to society, focus on social order
based on tacit agreements, and view social
change as occurring in a slow and orderly
fashion
6. while conflict theories emphasize the
dominance of some social groups by
others, see social order as based on
manipulation andcontrol by dominant
groups, and view social change as
occurringrapidly and in disorderly
fashionas subordinate
groupsoverthrow dominant groups.
CONFLICT THEORY
7. Dahrendorf (a959, 1968)citeb by Ritzer (2000) is the major exponent of the
positions that society has two faces (conflict and consensus), that sociological
theory therefore should be divided into two parts,conflict theory and
consensus theory. He recognizes that society can not exist without both
conflict and consensys, shich are prerequisites for each other.
8. Thus, we cannot have conflict unless there is some prior consensus.
9. Conflict theorists find potential
conflicts between any groups where
inequality exists: racial, gender,
religious, political, economic, so long
as there inequalities there then there
will be conflict, as long as there are
division between the rich and the
poor, the bright and the low
performing students, the whites and
the black
CONFLICT THEORY
10. Conflict Theorists believe that
Functionalism is a powerful means of
maintaining a powerful structures and
creating a docile work for capitalism,
conflict theorists believe that the purpose
of education really is to maintain social
inequality, because there will always be
a school for the rich, and for the poor
11. Conflict Theorists believe that
The conflict theory is actually called as
hidden curriculum it was taught
intentionally but indirectly, it intentionally
socializes young people into obedience
and conformity, or telling the role in the
society
12. Conflict Theorists believe that
Conflicts pave the way to change and to
the establishment of a new society
13. Sees the society as a structure with interrelated parts.
Structural
Functionalism
14. Herbert Spencer the main proponent of
functionalism compared society to a
human body with different but
interrelated parts performing different
functions (church, family, school,
community)
Structural Functionalism
15. Focuses on how education serves the need of the
society through the development of skills that would
encourage social order and unity.
Structural
Functionalism
16. Prepare students for participation in the
institutions of the society.
To transmission of core values for social
control
Bring together people from different
backgrounds
Therefore, Educations is there to :
Structural
Functionalism
17. Intellectual Purposes
FOUR PURPOSES OF SCHOOLS
1.
-acquisition of cognitve skills, inquiry skills.
2. Political Purposes
--educate future citizens; promote patriotism; public civility and
conformity to laws
3. Economic Purposes
-prepare students for later work roles; select and train the labor force
needed by society.
4. Social Purposes
-promote a sense of social and moral responsibiliy (family, church)
Structural
Functionalism
18. Therefore, functionalism....
4. For stability and a state of equilibrium in society.
2. Change is necessary only when things are unstable.
Structural
Functionalism
19. Talcott Parsons’structural functionalism has four
functional imperatives for all “action” systems,embodied in
his famous AGIL scheme. These functional imperatives
that are necessaryfor all systems are:
Structural
Functionalism
20. 1.Adaptation: A system must cope with external
situational exigencies. It must adapt to its environment
and adapt environment to its needs.
Structural
Functionalism
21. 2.Goal Attainment: A system must define and achieve its
primary goals.
Structural
Functionalism
22. 3.Integration: A system must regulate the interrelationship
of its component parts. It must also manage the
relationship among other three functional imperatives
(AGL)
Structural
Functionalism
23. 3.Integration: A system must regulate the interrelationship
of its component parts. It must also manage the
relationship among other three functional imperatives
(AGL)
Structural
Functionalism
24. 4.Latency: (pattern maintenance): A system must furnish,
maintainand renew both the motivation of individuals and
the culturalpatterns that create an sustainthe motivation.
Structural
Functionalism
25. Symbolic Interactionism
Analyzes society by
addressing the subjective
meanings that people impose
on objects, events and
behaviors
Views the self as socially constructed
in relation to social forces and
structures and the product of on-
going negotiations of meanings.
Thus, the social self is an active
product of human agencyrather than
a deterministic product of social
structure.
Symbolic interactionists are, of
course,interested not simply in
socialization but also in
interaction in general, which is of
“vital importance in its own right”.
Interaction is the process in
which the ability to think is both
developed and expressed. All
types of interaction, not just
interaction during socialization,
refine our ability to think.
26. Symbolic Interactionism
Individual actions depends on
meaning
Different people may give different
meaning on the same thing
Meaning change as individuals’
interest with one another
Three Principles
27. Symbolic Interactionism
·Continue to teach for
meaning
·Use positive symbols: gestures,
appearances, words, actions and
people attached meanings to these
symbols and act according to their
subjective interpretations of the
symbols
·To ensure mutual understanding,
the sender and the receiver must
have the same meaning of the
symbol, if not faulty
communication arises
Impliationd to Education
28. Non-Symbolic Interactionism
Family – it is a group of people
who related by marriage, blood
or adoptionand who often live
togethersharing a common
residence and common
economicresources.
Education – refersto the process in
which knowledge, skills, values and
patterns of behavior and transmitted
from an individual or group to
another
Government – It is an institution
that holds the power and make
enforce the rules and laws of
society. The ruling body must be
recognized by its people to
enforce the laws or rules and
governthem.
"looking glass self"
Religion (Church)– is a system of
roles and norms thatinvolves
faith which binds people together
in social groups.
