SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 53
FALLAS MULTIPLES
UN TEMA DEL QUE SE HABLA POCO Y PASA
MUCHO
 UPS B763 near Goose Bay on Feb 7th 2019, multiple system failures
 Sunwing B38M near Washington on Nov 14th 2018, multiple system failures
 American B763 over Atlantic on Feb 16th 2018, multiple system failures
 Flybe DH8D near Manchester on Oct 23rd 2013, multiple electrical system failures
 Air Canada E190 near Toronto on Jun 8th 2011, multiple system failures
 Compass E170 at Saskatoon on Dec 20th 2010, slat and multiple system failures
 British Airways B772 near Amsterdam on Jun 15th 2010, multiple technical problems
 Air Canada A319 near Winnipeg on Sep 7th 2008, multiple system failures
 Canada A333 at Toronto on Feb 20th 2019, multiple system faults
 India B773 Sep 11th 2018, multiple instruments including localizer receivers lost
 UTAir Cargo AN74 near Kupol on Dec 1st 2018, multiple problems
 Canada Rouge A319 Dec 2nd 2018, multiple ECAM messages
“LO QUE SE NIEGA CRECE”
Ehtiopian Airlines
ET302
FALLAS MULTIPLES
SOUTHWEST 1380
FALLAS MULTIPLES
AF447
FALLAS MULTIPLES
LYON AIR JT610
FALLAS COMPLEJAS
Y PERDIDA DE CONTROL
Una amenaza recurrente a la seguridad operacional
FALLAS COMPLEJAS O MULTIPLES
Las fallas múltiples en aviación, deben ser contenidas en tiempo real y sin
asistencia.
Sumado al entorno operativo (fatiga/meteorología/terreno) imponen un
carga de trabajo extrema, que pueda llegar a exceder las capacidades de la
tripulación.
DESAFIO
-Las variables a jerarquizar y priorizar son muchas.
-A veces con posibles acciones que van en direcciones opuestas e
incompatibles con los procedimientos no normales o protocolos publicados.
-Generan:
 Factor sorpresa negativo por su severidad /o shock, (Startle effect)
 Y si los pilotos no son ADECUADAMENTE instruidos en este tipo de
emergencias, verán sus capacidades y aptitudes excedidas por la altísima
exigencia en una ventana de tiempo muy reducida.
FALLAS MULTIPLES
CONTENCION YGESTION DE FALLAS
COMPLEJAS
PROPUESTA
 PROGRAMA TEORICO PRACTICO DE REPASO DE PRINCIPIOS BASICOS Y
ESENCIALES PARA EL MANEJO DE FALLAS COMPLEJAS
 METODOLOGIA: Exposición participativa-taller 90 minutos. Contenidos
prácticos y operativos de uso efectivo en la resolución de fallas múltiples.
 SIMULADOR: Demostración de dos situaciones comparativas de diversos
escenarios, basados en entrenamiento por evidencia.
OBJETIVO PRIMARIO
REGLAS DE ORO-FILOSOFIA OPERATIVA
 OBJETIVOS:
1. ENFATIZAR AL EXTREMO LA IMPORTANCIA DE MANTENER EL
CONTROL DEL AVION POR TODOS LOS MEDIOS POSIBLES Y
DISPONIBLES
2. JERARQUIZAR LAS FALLAS Y DEFINIR PRIORIDADES.
3. COMBINAR PROCEDIMIENTOS NO NORMALES EN FORMA TOTAL O
PARCIAL
4. USO DE LA FILOSOFIA OPERATIVA BOEING Y LA AUTORIDAD DE MANDO
DEL COMANDANTE FRENTE A SITUACIONES EXTREMAS (DAMAGE
CONTROL)
PERDIDA DE CONTROL
FALLAS MULTIPLES
 LAS FALLAS MULTIPLES DE DIFERENTES SISTEMAS Y SUBSISTEMAS SON
EVENTOS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS QUE NO SE ENTRENAN REGULARMENTE.
 LA MAYORIA DE LOS OPERADORES NO LAS TIENEN EN SUS PROGRAMAS
DE ENTRENAMIENTO
 DEMANDAN UN ALTO NIVEL REACCION Y DE PRECISION
 REQUIEREN DE TOMA DE DECISIONES PRECISAS EN UN LAPSO DE
TIEMPO MUY BREVE
NO REFLEXIONAR SOBRE LA GESTION DE FALLAS
MULTIPLES O SITUACIONES COMPLEJAS
TIENE COSTOS
EN SEGURIDAD OPERACIONAL
"You can either pay now... or pay later.“
RIESGO DE LA PRACTICA DE FALLAS MULTIPLES FUERA DE
CONTEXTO DEMOSTRATIVO
En un pasado era habitual en la industria la práctica y resolución de fallas
complejas o múltiples de sistemas supuestamente no relacionados. Hoy los
sistemas están INTEGRADOS
Se utilizaba en entrenamientos periódicos o en exámenes de promoción.
Por la utilización fuera de contexto, no lograban el fin perseguido y solo
generaban carga de trabajo innecesaria, malestar y frustración.
Todo esto sin que el instruido obtenga experiencia operacional de valor
alguna.
RESPETO PROFESIONAL
EL UNICO OBJETIVO DE ESTE MODELO DE ENTRENAMIENTO ES APORTAR
MEDIDAS DE CONTENCION EFECTIVAS PARA PODER GESTIONAR FALLAS
COMPLEJAS.
EXCLUSIVAMENTE BUSCA INCREMENTAR LA CONFIANZA DE LAS
TRIPULACIONES CUANDO SE VEAN EXPUESTAS A SITUACIONES DE ESTE
TIPO Y POR ENDE RESGUARDAR LA SEGURIDAD Y LA VIDA DE
TRIPULACIONES Y PASAJEROS.
NO SON PARTES DE ESTE PROGRAMA LA CATEGORIZACION, LA
EVALUACION, LA CERTIFICACION NI MUCHO MENOS LA CALIFICACION DE
LAS TRIPULACIONES.
PROPUESTA
 PRACTICA-DEMOSTRATIVA ENTRE PARES EN INGUALDAD DE JERARQUIA-
PROCESO DEMOSTRATIVO
 EXPLICADA EN SECUENCIAL POR PARTE DEL FACILITADOR O INSTRUCTOR
 FUERA DE TIEMPO REAL-USO DE TOTAL FREEZE
 PRACTICA EN TIEMPO REAL (Gestión del Startle effect)
 NO EVALUABLE
 NO CALIFICABLE
 PRIVADO Y CONFIDENCIAL
PROPOSITO
MINDSET: PRIORIDAD DE MANTENER EL CONTROL DEL
AVION
DOCUMENTACION UTILIZADA
 MATERIAL DE REFERENCIA:
1) FCTM BOEING 737NG/MAX
2) FCOM BOEING 737NG/MAX
Todas las citas, contenidos y lineamientos
que se desprenden de este programa de
capacitación están basadas en su totalidad
en la documentación oficial del fabricante.
No hay consejos, ni opiniones, ni usos y
costumbres.
SOLO DOCUMENTACION OFICIAL.
CONTENCION Y GERENCIAMIENTO DE FALLAS
COMPLEJAS O MULTIPLES
COMBINAR VARIAS NNC (no normal checklist) PARA
PODER GESTIONAR LAS FALLAS SEGÚN LAS PRIORIDADES
 “in some MULTIPLE FAILURE SITUATIONS, the flight
crew may need to combine the elements of more
than one checklist!
FALLAS MULTIPLES
FILOSOFIA OPERACIONAL
“the flight crew may be required to:
1. accomplish multiple NNCs,
2. selected elements of several different NNCs applied
as necessary to fit the situation, or
3. be faced with Little o no specific guidance except
their own judgement and experience.
SITUACIONES FUERA DEL ALCANCES DE LOS
PROCEDIMIENTOS NO NORMALES
?que hacer?
COSNCIENCIA SITUACIONAL Y TOMA DE DECISIONES
“… circumstances determine the course of action wich the crew
perceives will conclude the flight in the safest manner…”
Autoridad del Comandante
Evaluación del estatus del avión
Uso del criterio operativo bajo la autoridad de emergencia
 …in all situations, the Captain must assess the situation and
use Good judgement to determine the safest course of
action…
Troubleshooting
-SIEMPRE QUE SEA POSIBLE, INCLUIDAS LAS FALLAS QUE AFECTAN
A MULTIPLES SISTEMAS REFERIRSE A LOS NNC.
-NO REALIZAR ACCIONES FUERA DE LOS ITEMS CONTENIDOS EN
LOS NNC.
“taking steps beyond published NNC steps, may cause
further loss of system fucntion or system failure”
AUTORIDAD DEL COMANDANTE
ACCIONES FUERA DE LOS NNC
 LAS ACCIONES FUERA DE LOS NNC SOLO DEBEN SER CONSIDERADAS
CUANDO:
“should only be CONSIDERED when completion of the
published non-normal checklist RESULTS IN AN
UNACCEPTABLE SITUATION”
AIRMANSHIP
 “IN THE CASE OF AIRPLANE CONTROLLABILITY PROBLEMS WHEN A SAFE
LANDING IS CONSIDERED UNLIKELY, AIRPLANE HANDLING EVALUATIONS
WITH GEAR, FLAPS OR SPEEDBRAKES EXTENDED MAY BE APPROPRIATE”
FLIGHT CONTROLS
In the case of jammed flight controls, DO NOT attempt
troubleshooting beyond the actions directed in the NNC UNLESS
THE AIRPLANE CANNOT BE SAFELY LANDED WITH THE
EXISTING condition.
ALWAYS COMPLY WITH NNC actions to the extent possible
BOEING RECOMMENDS completion of the NNC as
published whenever posible, in particular for flight
control malfunctions that are addressed by a NNC
“in all cases, the pilot in command is expected to take a
safe course of action”
OBJETIVO DE LOS NNC
“these checklist ensure maximun safety until approriate
actions are completed and A SAFE LANDING IS
ACCOMPLISHED”
OBJETIVO: CONTENCION-GERENCIAMIENTO-
ATERRIZAJE
WARNING
THE CREW SHOULD CONSIDER
ADDITIONAL ACTIONS BEYOND
THE NNC ONLY WHEN
COMPLETION OF THE PUBLISHED
CHECKLIST STEPS CLEARLY RESULTS
IN AN UNACCEPTABLE SITUATION.
RECORDAR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT
Evaluar la necesidad de aterrizar de
inmediato
 INDICACION DE “LAND AT THE NEAREST SUITABLE AIRPORT”
 TRES NIVELES-LNST/AAT/I
 NECESIDAD DE UN ATERRIZAJE INMEDIATO:
IMMEDIATE LANDING REQUERIDO
“Immediate Landing”
Immediate landing” implies
immmediate diversión to a runway.
However, in a severe situation, the
flight crew SHOULD CONSIDER an
overweight landing, a tailwind landing,
AN OFF-AIRPORT LANDING, or a
DITCHING.”
PRIORIDAD: ATERRIZAR
MANTENER EL CONTROL DEL AVION EN TODO
MOMENTO
GESTION DEL PERFIL DE VUELO
FASE DE CONTENCION
 NNC use starts when the airplane
FLIGHT PATH AND
CONFIGURATION ARE
CORRECTLTY ESTABLISHED.
 “it is mandatory that the pilot
flying (PF) fly the airplane”
 “the crew MUST ALWAYS
MONITOR: airplane course,
verticahl path and speed”
 “during LNAV & VNAV
operations, verify al changes to
the airplane´s: COURSE,
VERTICAL PATH, THRUST &
SPEED.
 “the crew MUST verify
manually selected or automatic
AFDS changes”
CONTROL DEL AVION
“flight crew´s first consideration
should be to maintain or REGAIN full
control of the airplane and establish
an acceptable flight path”
STATEMENT TO MANTAIN AND/OR
REGAIN CONTROL
“this may require use of unusual techniques such as the application of full
aileron or rudder or in an asymetrical thrust situation, reduction of thrust on
the operating engine(s) to regain lateral control”
 VER EJEMPLO SOUTHWEST
CONTROL DEL AVION
“THE OBJECTIVE IS TO TAKE WHATEVER ACTION IS
NECESSARY TO CONTROL THE AIRPLANE AND
MANTAIN A SAFE FLIGHT PATH”
“TO TAKE WHATEVER ACTION TO
CONTROL THE AIRPLANE”
CAUSAS QUE GENERAN LOC
 MAJOR MULFUNCTIONS
 MULTIPLE FAIULURES
 STARTLE EFFECT
AMENAZAS
 Lack of time
 No checklist support
 Faced with Little or no guidance
 Only guidance: experiencie and own
judgement
Knowledge of basic aerodynamic principles and airplane handling
characteristics and a comprehensive understanding of airplane systems
can be key factors in situations of this type.
EN SITUACIONES DE FALLAS COMPLEJAS LA EXPERIENCIA Y LA
FORMACION PROFESIONAL SON FACTORES DETERMINANTES.
FACTORES DETERMINANTES
AIRMANSHIP/Conocimientos
BASIC AERODYNAMICS SYSTEMS KNOWLEDGE
BASIC AERODYNAMIC PIRNCIPLES AND AIRPLANE
SYSTEM INFORMATION
 AILERON AFFECTED: Rudder
 Rudder AFFECTED: Aileron
 AILERON AND RUDDER AFFECTED: Use of Asymmetrical thrust may help
 ELEVATOR AFFECTED: Stab trim, bank angle and thrust used to control pitch
 JAMMED FLIGHT CONTROL VS BREAK OUT FEATURE-Apply two pilots
forces.
 LIMIT BANK ANGLE TO 15: to improve stall margin and load factor
 BOEING AIRPLANES: Have the capability to land using any flap position.
FALLAS MULTIPLES
OPERADOR DE SISTEMAS VS AIRMANSHIP
Estas fallas, donde los sistemas no responden, no responderán a un
operador de sistemas.
Requieren de acciones fuera de la esfera de la operación de sistemas.
Estas situaciones demandan AIRMANSHIP, liderazgo y tomar decisiones
críticas, en tiempo real y sin supervisión, en interés de la seguridad.
SITUACIONES COMPLEJAS
FALLAS MULTIPLES
“the flight crew MUST BE AWARE that checklist cannot be
created for all conceivable situation and are NOT INTENDED TO
REPLACE GOOD JUDGMENT.
AIRMANSHIP: “In some situations, at the CAPTAIN´S
DISCRETION, deviation from a NNC can be needed”
SI LA CARGA DE TRABAJO ES EXTREMA, LA CABINA RUIDOSA O
POR ALGUN MOTIVO NOS ES POSIBLE LA LACTURA DE NNC
“The pilot flying may also direct reference checklists to be done
by memory if the situation does not allow reference to the
checlist”
GERENCIAMIENTO DE FALLAS Y ESTATUS DEL AVION
“ANALYZE THE SITUATION: NNC should be
accomplished ONLY after the malfuctioning system has
been positively identified.
Review ALL CAUTIONS AND WARNING LIGHTS to
positively identify the malfunctioning system(s)”
AIRMANSHIP SITUACION SEVERA
AUTORIDAD DE SEGURIDAD DEL COMANDATE
737 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL
DAMAGE CONTROL
“Even in a worst case condition where it is not possible to keep
the airplane flying and ground contact is imminent, a
CONTROLLED CRASH is a far better alternative than uncontrolled
flight into terrain.”
MUCHAS GRACIAS POR SU ATENCION

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction
Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction
Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction Gaurav Garv
 
AIRSEDE OPERATION
AIRSEDE OPERATIONAIRSEDE OPERATION
AIRSEDE OPERATIONAiDY
 
Valu Jet - Corporate Affairs
Valu Jet - Corporate AffairsValu Jet - Corporate Affairs
Valu Jet - Corporate Affairsrec05e
 
Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016
Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016
Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016Julianne Oh
 
Aviation Indeed trainigs
Aviation Indeed trainigsAviation Indeed trainigs
Aviation Indeed trainigsAviation Indeed
 
Nunce Fi Fi Training Manual
Nunce Fi Fi Training ManualNunce Fi Fi Training Manual
Nunce Fi Fi Training ManualRenard Pierre
 
Airside Ops & Ntm
Airside Ops & NtmAirside Ops & Ntm
Airside Ops & NtmAiDY
 
Emergency and role equipment
Emergency and role equipmentEmergency and role equipment
Emergency and role equipmentBai Haqi
 
Assignment on cargo compartment classification
Assignment on cargo compartment classification Assignment on cargo compartment classification
Assignment on cargo compartment classification Natasha Nabila
 
Checklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit Operations
Checklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit OperationsChecklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit Operations
Checklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit Operationsgomulka
 
Ramp safety officer
Ramp safety officerRamp safety officer
Ramp safety officerAd Suryana
 
757 767 study guide
757 767 study guide757 767 study guide
757 767 study guideaviation319
 
ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015
ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015
ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015sameh shalash
 
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance Brock Jester
 
Startle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flight
Startle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flightStartle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flight
Startle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flightMariano Andrés Magariños
 
Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011
Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011
Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011Andreas Michaelsen
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction
Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction
Aircraft Maintenance practices introduction
 
AIRSEDE OPERATION
AIRSEDE OPERATIONAIRSEDE OPERATION
AIRSEDE OPERATION
 
Valu Jet - Corporate Affairs
Valu Jet - Corporate AffairsValu Jet - Corporate Affairs
Valu Jet - Corporate Affairs
 
Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016
Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016
Airport ramp safety_Julianne Oh.2016
 
Aviation Indeed trainigs
Aviation Indeed trainigsAviation Indeed trainigs
Aviation Indeed trainigs
 
Nunce Fi Fi Training Manual
Nunce Fi Fi Training ManualNunce Fi Fi Training Manual
Nunce Fi Fi Training Manual
 
Airside Ops & Ntm
Airside Ops & NtmAirside Ops & Ntm
Airside Ops & Ntm
 
Emergency and role equipment
Emergency and role equipmentEmergency and role equipment
Emergency and role equipment
 
Advanced Preflight Article
Advanced Preflight ArticleAdvanced Preflight Article
Advanced Preflight Article
 
Assignment on cargo compartment classification
Assignment on cargo compartment classification Assignment on cargo compartment classification
Assignment on cargo compartment classification
 
Checklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit Operations
Checklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit OperationsChecklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit Operations
Checklists, Monitoring, and Multitasking in Cockpit Operations
 
Safety Tool Box Talk
Safety Tool Box TalkSafety Tool Box Talk
Safety Tool Box Talk
 
Maneuvering Flight
Maneuvering FlightManeuvering Flight
Maneuvering Flight
 
Ramp safety officer
Ramp safety officerRamp safety officer
Ramp safety officer
 
ACO COURSE 6
ACO COURSE 6ACO COURSE 6
ACO COURSE 6
 
757 767 study guide
757 767 study guide757 767 study guide
757 767 study guide
 
ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015
ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015
ICAO global aviation course catalogue 2015
 
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance
ACO-7 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation and Assistance
 
Startle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flight
Startle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flightStartle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flight
Startle effect in aviation-MULTIPLE FAILURES- Management of flight
 
Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011
Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011
Baltic_ACO_Manual_ver_1 3_11012011
 

Ähnlich wie Multiple System Failures

Routine of helicopter maintenance activities
Routine of helicopter maintenance activitiesRoutine of helicopter maintenance activities
Routine of helicopter maintenance activitiesBai Haqi
 
UAS--Unmanned Aerospace Systems
UAS--Unmanned Aerospace SystemsUAS--Unmanned Aerospace Systems
UAS--Unmanned Aerospace SystemsERAUWebinars
 
Avionics Systems Instruments
Avionics Systems InstrumentsAvionics Systems Instruments
Avionics Systems InstrumentsMichael Bseliss
 
UNSW Presentation about Automation in Aviation
UNSW Presentation about Automation in AviationUNSW Presentation about Automation in Aviation
UNSW Presentation about Automation in AviationJosé Sanchez-Alarcos
 
Rcapa proposal2
Rcapa proposal2Rcapa proposal2
Rcapa proposal2sUAS News
 
The concept and principles of helicopter maintenance
The concept and principles of helicopter maintenanceThe concept and principles of helicopter maintenance
The concept and principles of helicopter maintenanceBai Haqi
 
Airport planning part 1 -erau webinar
Airport planning part 1 -erau webinarAirport planning part 1 -erau webinar
Airport planning part 1 -erau webinarERAUWebinars
 
airside operation 3
airside operation 3airside operation 3
airside operation 3AiDY
 
Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013anilrai
 
Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013vikram1964
 
Basic helicopter ground handling
Basic helicopter ground handling Basic helicopter ground handling
Basic helicopter ground handling Bai Haqi
 
Flight Line Safety.ppt
Flight Line Safety.pptFlight Line Safety.ppt
Flight Line Safety.pptDeepana
 

Ähnlich wie Multiple System Failures (20)

Routine of helicopter maintenance activities
Routine of helicopter maintenance activitiesRoutine of helicopter maintenance activities
Routine of helicopter maintenance activities
 
Filosofia operacional
Filosofia operacionalFilosofia operacional
Filosofia operacional
 
UAS--Unmanned Aerospace Systems
UAS--Unmanned Aerospace SystemsUAS--Unmanned Aerospace Systems
UAS--Unmanned Aerospace Systems
 
Avionics Systems Instruments
Avionics Systems InstrumentsAvionics Systems Instruments
Avionics Systems Instruments
 
1 managing_threat.ppt
1 managing_threat.ppt1 managing_threat.ppt
1 managing_threat.ppt
 
Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
 
UNSW Presentation about Automation in Aviation
UNSW Presentation about Automation in AviationUNSW Presentation about Automation in Aviation
UNSW Presentation about Automation in Aviation
 
cefit.ppt
cefit.pptcefit.ppt
cefit.ppt
 
Rcapa proposal2
Rcapa proposal2Rcapa proposal2
Rcapa proposal2
 
FAA Risk Management
FAA Risk ManagementFAA Risk Management
FAA Risk Management
 
The concept and principles of helicopter maintenance
The concept and principles of helicopter maintenanceThe concept and principles of helicopter maintenance
The concept and principles of helicopter maintenance
 
Airport planning part 1 -erau webinar
Airport planning part 1 -erau webinarAirport planning part 1 -erau webinar
Airport planning part 1 -erau webinar
 
AppendixFPM.pptx
AppendixFPM.pptxAppendixFPM.pptx
AppendixFPM.pptx
 
airside operation 3
airside operation 3airside operation 3
airside operation 3
 
Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013
 
Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013Umta presentation 30.04.2013
Umta presentation 30.04.2013
 
Basic helicopter ground handling
Basic helicopter ground handling Basic helicopter ground handling
Basic helicopter ground handling
 
FINAL ROPS (1).pptx
FINAL ROPS (1).pptxFINAL ROPS (1).pptx
FINAL ROPS (1).pptx
 
Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low AltitudePrevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
Prevent Aerodynamic Stalls at Low Altitude
 
Flight Line Safety.ppt
Flight Line Safety.pptFlight Line Safety.ppt
Flight Line Safety.ppt
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!Doge Mining Website
 
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?Olivia Kresic
 
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxAppkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxappkodes
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737
Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737
Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737Riya Pathan
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfRbc Rbcua
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03DallasHaselhorst
 
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607dollysharma2066
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Americas Got Grants
 
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Kirill Klimov
 
Innovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdf
Innovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdfInnovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdf
Innovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdfrichard876048
 
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...ssuserf63bd7
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCRashishs7044
 
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort ServiceCall US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Servicecallgirls2057
 
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Anamaria Contreras
 
Kenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith Perera
Kenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith PereraKenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith Perera
Kenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith Pereraictsugar
 
Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...
Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...
Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...Seta Wicaksana
 
FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607
FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607
FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607dollysharma2066
 
Buy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail Accounts
Buy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail AccountsBuy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail Accounts
Buy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail AccountsBuy Verified Accounts
 
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxThe-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxmbikashkanyari
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
Unlocking the Future: Explore Web 3.0 Workshop to Start Earning Today!
 
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
MAHA Global and IPR: Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?
 
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptxAppkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
Appkodes Tinder Clone Script with Customisable Solutions.pptx
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in New Ashok Nagar Delhi NCR
 
Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737
Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737
Independent Call Girls Andheri Nightlaila 9967584737
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
 
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
(Best) ENJOY Call Girls in Faridabad Ex | 8377087607
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
 
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
Flow Your Strategy at Flight Levels Day 2024
 
Innovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdf
Innovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdfInnovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdf
Innovation Conference 5th March 2024.pdf
 
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
International Business Environments and Operations 16th Global Edition test b...
 
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCR8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCR
8447779800, Low rate Call girls in Kotla Mubarakpur Delhi NCR
 
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort ServiceCall US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
Call US-88OO1O2216 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Female Escort Service
 
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
Traction part 2 - EOS Model JAX Bridges.
 
Kenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith Perera
Kenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith PereraKenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith Perera
Kenya Coconut Production Presentation by Dr. Lalith Perera
 
Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...
Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...
Ten Organizational Design Models to align structure and operations to busines...
 
FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607
FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607
FULL ENJOY Call girls in Paharganj Delhi | 8377087607
 
Buy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail Accounts
Buy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail AccountsBuy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail Accounts
Buy gmail accounts.pdf Buy Old Gmail Accounts
 
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptxThe-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
The-Ethical-issues-ghhhhhhhhjof-Byjus.pptx
 

Multiple System Failures

  • 1. FALLAS MULTIPLES UN TEMA DEL QUE SE HABLA POCO Y PASA MUCHO
  • 2.  UPS B763 near Goose Bay on Feb 7th 2019, multiple system failures  Sunwing B38M near Washington on Nov 14th 2018, multiple system failures  American B763 over Atlantic on Feb 16th 2018, multiple system failures  Flybe DH8D near Manchester on Oct 23rd 2013, multiple electrical system failures  Air Canada E190 near Toronto on Jun 8th 2011, multiple system failures  Compass E170 at Saskatoon on Dec 20th 2010, slat and multiple system failures  British Airways B772 near Amsterdam on Jun 15th 2010, multiple technical problems  Air Canada A319 near Winnipeg on Sep 7th 2008, multiple system failures  Canada A333 at Toronto on Feb 20th 2019, multiple system faults  India B773 Sep 11th 2018, multiple instruments including localizer receivers lost  UTAir Cargo AN74 near Kupol on Dec 1st 2018, multiple problems  Canada Rouge A319 Dec 2nd 2018, multiple ECAM messages
  • 3. “LO QUE SE NIEGA CRECE”
  • 8. FALLAS COMPLEJAS Y PERDIDA DE CONTROL Una amenaza recurrente a la seguridad operacional
  • 9. FALLAS COMPLEJAS O MULTIPLES Las fallas múltiples en aviación, deben ser contenidas en tiempo real y sin asistencia. Sumado al entorno operativo (fatiga/meteorología/terreno) imponen un carga de trabajo extrema, que pueda llegar a exceder las capacidades de la tripulación.
  • 10. DESAFIO -Las variables a jerarquizar y priorizar son muchas. -A veces con posibles acciones que van en direcciones opuestas e incompatibles con los procedimientos no normales o protocolos publicados. -Generan:  Factor sorpresa negativo por su severidad /o shock, (Startle effect)  Y si los pilotos no son ADECUADAMENTE instruidos en este tipo de emergencias, verán sus capacidades y aptitudes excedidas por la altísima exigencia en una ventana de tiempo muy reducida.
  • 12. PROPUESTA  PROGRAMA TEORICO PRACTICO DE REPASO DE PRINCIPIOS BASICOS Y ESENCIALES PARA EL MANEJO DE FALLAS COMPLEJAS  METODOLOGIA: Exposición participativa-taller 90 minutos. Contenidos prácticos y operativos de uso efectivo en la resolución de fallas múltiples.  SIMULADOR: Demostración de dos situaciones comparativas de diversos escenarios, basados en entrenamiento por evidencia.
  • 13. OBJETIVO PRIMARIO REGLAS DE ORO-FILOSOFIA OPERATIVA  OBJETIVOS: 1. ENFATIZAR AL EXTREMO LA IMPORTANCIA DE MANTENER EL CONTROL DEL AVION POR TODOS LOS MEDIOS POSIBLES Y DISPONIBLES 2. JERARQUIZAR LAS FALLAS Y DEFINIR PRIORIDADES. 3. COMBINAR PROCEDIMIENTOS NO NORMALES EN FORMA TOTAL O PARCIAL 4. USO DE LA FILOSOFIA OPERATIVA BOEING Y LA AUTORIDAD DE MANDO DEL COMANDANTE FRENTE A SITUACIONES EXTREMAS (DAMAGE CONTROL)
  • 14. PERDIDA DE CONTROL FALLAS MULTIPLES  LAS FALLAS MULTIPLES DE DIFERENTES SISTEMAS Y SUBSISTEMAS SON EVENTOS Y PROCEDIMIENTOS QUE NO SE ENTRENAN REGULARMENTE.  LA MAYORIA DE LOS OPERADORES NO LAS TIENEN EN SUS PROGRAMAS DE ENTRENAMIENTO  DEMANDAN UN ALTO NIVEL REACCION Y DE PRECISION  REQUIEREN DE TOMA DE DECISIONES PRECISAS EN UN LAPSO DE TIEMPO MUY BREVE
  • 15. NO REFLEXIONAR SOBRE LA GESTION DE FALLAS MULTIPLES O SITUACIONES COMPLEJAS TIENE COSTOS
  • 16. EN SEGURIDAD OPERACIONAL "You can either pay now... or pay later.“
  • 17. RIESGO DE LA PRACTICA DE FALLAS MULTIPLES FUERA DE CONTEXTO DEMOSTRATIVO En un pasado era habitual en la industria la práctica y resolución de fallas complejas o múltiples de sistemas supuestamente no relacionados. Hoy los sistemas están INTEGRADOS Se utilizaba en entrenamientos periódicos o en exámenes de promoción. Por la utilización fuera de contexto, no lograban el fin perseguido y solo generaban carga de trabajo innecesaria, malestar y frustración. Todo esto sin que el instruido obtenga experiencia operacional de valor alguna.
  • 18. RESPETO PROFESIONAL EL UNICO OBJETIVO DE ESTE MODELO DE ENTRENAMIENTO ES APORTAR MEDIDAS DE CONTENCION EFECTIVAS PARA PODER GESTIONAR FALLAS COMPLEJAS. EXCLUSIVAMENTE BUSCA INCREMENTAR LA CONFIANZA DE LAS TRIPULACIONES CUANDO SE VEAN EXPUESTAS A SITUACIONES DE ESTE TIPO Y POR ENDE RESGUARDAR LA SEGURIDAD Y LA VIDA DE TRIPULACIONES Y PASAJEROS. NO SON PARTES DE ESTE PROGRAMA LA CATEGORIZACION, LA EVALUACION, LA CERTIFICACION NI MUCHO MENOS LA CALIFICACION DE LAS TRIPULACIONES.
  • 19. PROPUESTA  PRACTICA-DEMOSTRATIVA ENTRE PARES EN INGUALDAD DE JERARQUIA- PROCESO DEMOSTRATIVO  EXPLICADA EN SECUENCIAL POR PARTE DEL FACILITADOR O INSTRUCTOR  FUERA DE TIEMPO REAL-USO DE TOTAL FREEZE  PRACTICA EN TIEMPO REAL (Gestión del Startle effect)  NO EVALUABLE  NO CALIFICABLE  PRIVADO Y CONFIDENCIAL
  • 20. PROPOSITO MINDSET: PRIORIDAD DE MANTENER EL CONTROL DEL AVION
  • 21. DOCUMENTACION UTILIZADA  MATERIAL DE REFERENCIA: 1) FCTM BOEING 737NG/MAX 2) FCOM BOEING 737NG/MAX Todas las citas, contenidos y lineamientos que se desprenden de este programa de capacitación están basadas en su totalidad en la documentación oficial del fabricante. No hay consejos, ni opiniones, ni usos y costumbres. SOLO DOCUMENTACION OFICIAL.
  • 22. CONTENCION Y GERENCIAMIENTO DE FALLAS COMPLEJAS O MULTIPLES
  • 23. COMBINAR VARIAS NNC (no normal checklist) PARA PODER GESTIONAR LAS FALLAS SEGÚN LAS PRIORIDADES  “in some MULTIPLE FAILURE SITUATIONS, the flight crew may need to combine the elements of more than one checklist!
  • 24. FALLAS MULTIPLES FILOSOFIA OPERACIONAL “the flight crew may be required to: 1. accomplish multiple NNCs, 2. selected elements of several different NNCs applied as necessary to fit the situation, or 3. be faced with Little o no specific guidance except their own judgement and experience.
  • 25. SITUACIONES FUERA DEL ALCANCES DE LOS PROCEDIMIENTOS NO NORMALES ?que hacer? COSNCIENCIA SITUACIONAL Y TOMA DE DECISIONES “… circumstances determine the course of action wich the crew perceives will conclude the flight in the safest manner…”
  • 26. Autoridad del Comandante Evaluación del estatus del avión Uso del criterio operativo bajo la autoridad de emergencia  …in all situations, the Captain must assess the situation and use Good judgement to determine the safest course of action…
  • 28. -SIEMPRE QUE SEA POSIBLE, INCLUIDAS LAS FALLAS QUE AFECTAN A MULTIPLES SISTEMAS REFERIRSE A LOS NNC. -NO REALIZAR ACCIONES FUERA DE LOS ITEMS CONTENIDOS EN LOS NNC. “taking steps beyond published NNC steps, may cause further loss of system fucntion or system failure”
  • 29. AUTORIDAD DEL COMANDANTE ACCIONES FUERA DE LOS NNC  LAS ACCIONES FUERA DE LOS NNC SOLO DEBEN SER CONSIDERADAS CUANDO: “should only be CONSIDERED when completion of the published non-normal checklist RESULTS IN AN UNACCEPTABLE SITUATION”
  • 30. AIRMANSHIP  “IN THE CASE OF AIRPLANE CONTROLLABILITY PROBLEMS WHEN A SAFE LANDING IS CONSIDERED UNLIKELY, AIRPLANE HANDLING EVALUATIONS WITH GEAR, FLAPS OR SPEEDBRAKES EXTENDED MAY BE APPROPRIATE”
  • 31. FLIGHT CONTROLS In the case of jammed flight controls, DO NOT attempt troubleshooting beyond the actions directed in the NNC UNLESS THE AIRPLANE CANNOT BE SAFELY LANDED WITH THE EXISTING condition. ALWAYS COMPLY WITH NNC actions to the extent possible
  • 32. BOEING RECOMMENDS completion of the NNC as published whenever posible, in particular for flight control malfunctions that are addressed by a NNC “in all cases, the pilot in command is expected to take a safe course of action”
  • 33. OBJETIVO DE LOS NNC “these checklist ensure maximun safety until approriate actions are completed and A SAFE LANDING IS ACCOMPLISHED” OBJETIVO: CONTENCION-GERENCIAMIENTO- ATERRIZAJE
  • 34. WARNING THE CREW SHOULD CONSIDER ADDITIONAL ACTIONS BEYOND THE NNC ONLY WHEN COMPLETION OF THE PUBLISHED CHECKLIST STEPS CLEARLY RESULTS IN AN UNACCEPTABLE SITUATION. RECORDAR OBJECTIVE STATEMENT
  • 35. Evaluar la necesidad de aterrizar de inmediato  INDICACION DE “LAND AT THE NEAREST SUITABLE AIRPORT”  TRES NIVELES-LNST/AAT/I  NECESIDAD DE UN ATERRIZAJE INMEDIATO:
  • 37. “Immediate Landing” Immediate landing” implies immmediate diversión to a runway. However, in a severe situation, the flight crew SHOULD CONSIDER an overweight landing, a tailwind landing, AN OFF-AIRPORT LANDING, or a DITCHING.” PRIORIDAD: ATERRIZAR
  • 38. MANTENER EL CONTROL DEL AVION EN TODO MOMENTO
  • 39. GESTION DEL PERFIL DE VUELO FASE DE CONTENCION  NNC use starts when the airplane FLIGHT PATH AND CONFIGURATION ARE CORRECTLTY ESTABLISHED.  “it is mandatory that the pilot flying (PF) fly the airplane”  “the crew MUST ALWAYS MONITOR: airplane course, verticahl path and speed”  “during LNAV & VNAV operations, verify al changes to the airplane´s: COURSE, VERTICAL PATH, THRUST & SPEED.  “the crew MUST verify manually selected or automatic AFDS changes”
  • 40. CONTROL DEL AVION “flight crew´s first consideration should be to maintain or REGAIN full control of the airplane and establish an acceptable flight path”
  • 41. STATEMENT TO MANTAIN AND/OR REGAIN CONTROL “this may require use of unusual techniques such as the application of full aileron or rudder or in an asymetrical thrust situation, reduction of thrust on the operating engine(s) to regain lateral control”  VER EJEMPLO SOUTHWEST
  • 42. CONTROL DEL AVION “THE OBJECTIVE IS TO TAKE WHATEVER ACTION IS NECESSARY TO CONTROL THE AIRPLANE AND MANTAIN A SAFE FLIGHT PATH”
  • 43. “TO TAKE WHATEVER ACTION TO CONTROL THE AIRPLANE” CAUSAS QUE GENERAN LOC  MAJOR MULFUNCTIONS  MULTIPLE FAIULURES  STARTLE EFFECT AMENAZAS  Lack of time  No checklist support  Faced with Little or no guidance  Only guidance: experiencie and own judgement
  • 44. Knowledge of basic aerodynamic principles and airplane handling characteristics and a comprehensive understanding of airplane systems can be key factors in situations of this type. EN SITUACIONES DE FALLAS COMPLEJAS LA EXPERIENCIA Y LA FORMACION PROFESIONAL SON FACTORES DETERMINANTES.
  • 46. BASIC AERODYNAMIC PIRNCIPLES AND AIRPLANE SYSTEM INFORMATION  AILERON AFFECTED: Rudder  Rudder AFFECTED: Aileron  AILERON AND RUDDER AFFECTED: Use of Asymmetrical thrust may help  ELEVATOR AFFECTED: Stab trim, bank angle and thrust used to control pitch  JAMMED FLIGHT CONTROL VS BREAK OUT FEATURE-Apply two pilots forces.  LIMIT BANK ANGLE TO 15: to improve stall margin and load factor  BOEING AIRPLANES: Have the capability to land using any flap position.
  • 47. FALLAS MULTIPLES OPERADOR DE SISTEMAS VS AIRMANSHIP Estas fallas, donde los sistemas no responden, no responderán a un operador de sistemas. Requieren de acciones fuera de la esfera de la operación de sistemas. Estas situaciones demandan AIRMANSHIP, liderazgo y tomar decisiones críticas, en tiempo real y sin supervisión, en interés de la seguridad.
  • 48. SITUACIONES COMPLEJAS FALLAS MULTIPLES “the flight crew MUST BE AWARE that checklist cannot be created for all conceivable situation and are NOT INTENDED TO REPLACE GOOD JUDGMENT. AIRMANSHIP: “In some situations, at the CAPTAIN´S DISCRETION, deviation from a NNC can be needed”
  • 49. SI LA CARGA DE TRABAJO ES EXTREMA, LA CABINA RUIDOSA O POR ALGUN MOTIVO NOS ES POSIBLE LA LACTURA DE NNC “The pilot flying may also direct reference checklists to be done by memory if the situation does not allow reference to the checlist”
  • 50. GERENCIAMIENTO DE FALLAS Y ESTATUS DEL AVION “ANALYZE THE SITUATION: NNC should be accomplished ONLY after the malfuctioning system has been positively identified. Review ALL CAUTIONS AND WARNING LIGHTS to positively identify the malfunctioning system(s)”
  • 51. AIRMANSHIP SITUACION SEVERA AUTORIDAD DE SEGURIDAD DEL COMANDATE
  • 52. 737 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING MANUAL DAMAGE CONTROL “Even in a worst case condition where it is not possible to keep the airplane flying and ground contact is imminent, a CONTROLLED CRASH is a far better alternative than uncontrolled flight into terrain.”
  • 53. MUCHAS GRACIAS POR SU ATENCION