7. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• The endocrine system is a messenger system comprising feedback
loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism
directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs.
HORMONES
Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the
body.After being made in one part of the body, they travel to other parts of
the body where they help control how cells and organs do their work.
* Peptide Hormone
* Steroid Hormone
* Amine Hormone
8. PARTS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• 1. Hypothalamus
• 2. Pituitary Gland
• 3.Thyroid Gland
• 4. Parathyroid Gland
• 5.Thymus
• 6. Pancreas
• 7. Adrenal Gland
• 8.Testes/Ovary
9. HYPOTHALAMUS
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that has a
vital role in controlling many bodily functions including
the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.
• Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
• Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
• Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
• Prolactin-Releasing Hormone
• Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
10. PITUITARY GLAND
This gland is important in
controlling growth and development
and the functioning of the other
endocrine glands.
It is divided into two lobes
naming: Anterior Lobe & Posterior
Lobe.
11. PINEAL GLAND
Pineal Gland is a pea-size
conical mass of tissue behind the
third ventricle of the brain, which
is resposible for the secretion of
Melatonin.
12. THYROID GLAND
The thyroid gland is a vital hormone gland:
It plays a major role in metabolism, growth and
development of the human body.
Hormones secreted:
• Triiodothyronine (T3)
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Calcitonin
TRH – Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone
TSH – Thyroid Stimulating hormone
13. THYROID GLAND
• T3 & T4 – regulation of your weight, energy levels,
internal temperature,skin, hair nail, and
more.
• Calcitonin – lowers the calcium-ion concentration
in the blood.
Ca±
14. PARATHYROID HORMONE
The parathyroid glands lie just behind the
thyroid glands in the neck.The parathyroid glands
(light pink) produce parathyroid hormone, which
increases levels of calcium in the blood
Target tissue/organ
• Bone
• Kidney
• Gut
Ca±
15. ADRENAL GLAND
Alson known as suprarenal gland, are small,
triangular glands located at the top of borh
kidneys.Adrenal glands produce hormones that
help your metabolism, immune system, response
to stress and other essential functions.
CRH – Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
ACTH- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
17. ADRENAL GLAND
- Cortex is the outer part of the gland
produces hormones that are vital to life,
such as:
• Cortisol
BG
Immune
System
18. ADRENAL GLAND
- Aldosterone is a steroid hormone. Its main role is to regulate salt and water in
the body, thus having an effect on blood pressure.
Na± of
Reabsorption
Blood
Volume
Blood
Pressure
19. ADRENAL GLAND
• The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the gland which secretes:
- Epinephrine
It also spikes your blood sugar level by helping convert glycogen to glucose in the liver.
- Norepinephrine
Also known as noradrenaline, this hormone works with epinephrine in responding to stress.However,
it can cause vasoconstriction.
20. PANCREAS
• Consists of two major types of
secretory tissue which reflects its dual
function
- Exocrine Gland
- secretes digestive juice
- localized the acinar cells
- Endocrine Gland
- releases hormones
- localized in the islets cells
(Islets of Langerhans)
21. PANCREAS
• Alpha Cell – Glucagon
• Beta Cell – Insulin
• Delta Cell – Somatostatin
(inhibits the two hormones to
be secreted)
22. OVARY GLAND
Secretes the major hormones naming
Estroges and Progesterone also Inhibin.
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone – stimulates
ovulation and progesterone.
• Luteinizing Hormone – stimulates follicle
maturation to produce
oestrogen.
23. TESTIS GLAND
It is the male reproductive gland or gonad in all
animals, including us.The function of this is to
produce sperms and androgens, primarily
testosterone.
• Luteinizing Hormone – Latex Cell –
Testoterone
• Follicle Stimulating Hormone – Sertoli Cell –
Androgen Bonding Protein
Testosterone stimulates sertoli to produce
Inhibin hormone.
24. THYMUS
Thymus is a primary lymphoid
organ recognized as having both Immune
and Endocrine function.
It producesThymosin.
25. POSTERIOR LOBE: ADH
Anti Diuretic Hormone is also
known as Vasopressin which is a
peptide hormones that used to
increase blood pressure.
26. OXYTOXIN
It releases in large amount during
labor, and after that it will undergo to
the stimulation of nipples.
27. HAPPY HORMONES
1. Dopamine – is when your brain expecting
a reward when you come to associate a
certain activity with pleasure.
ex. Sex, food, shopping etc.
28. HAPPY HORMONES
2. Serotonin – it is the key hormone that
stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-
being and happiness.
ex. Sleeping, eating, digestion
29. HAPPY HORMONE
3. Oxytocin – also reffered as “love
hormone” or “cuddle messenger”
because level of oxytocin increases
during hugging and orgasm.
It also increases in the following:
• Kissing
• Sex
• Holding hands
30. HAPPY HORMONE
4. Endorphins – are chemicals produced
naturally by the nervous system to cope
with pain or stress.
It is also called as “feel-good” chemicals.
ex. Sex, laugh, eat chocolate and chili
pepper & etc.
