10. Radar is the acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging.
Detection simply means determining the absence of
the target which maybe movable or it can be stationary.
Ranging is the distance between the radar and the
target.
11. Uses of RADAR
1. An electromagnetic sensor used for detecting,
locating, tracking, and identifying objects at a
considerable distances.
2. It has its own source of illumination and operates
by transmitting electromagnetic energy to an object
or a target and by observing the echoes reflected
from these targets.
12. Uses of RADAR
3. Radar can also obtain a target’s size and shape.
4. Radar can even detect faraway objects regardless of
a weather condition, which makes radar more
accurate than optical and infrared sensing devices.
14. Parts of RADAR
1. Antenna - couple Radio Frequency (RF) energy from the radar
transmission line into the propagation medium and vice versa.
2. Duplexer- is a device which allows the use of a single antenna by
both transmitter and receiver parts of a single device or two
devices.
3. Receiver- accepts weak target signals, amplify them to a usable
contained therein from RF to baseband.
4. Indicator- conveys target information to the user.
5. Synchronizer- serves as antenna controller.
15. Parts of RADAR
6. Modulator- controls the accuracy and consistency of the
pulses transmitted by radar which in turn determines the
accuracy of the data the radar produces.
7. Transmitter- produces intense pulses of radio microwaves
at short intervals. The reflected signals, or echoes, are picked
up by the antenna shortly after the pulse is transmitted.
16. Applications of RADAR
1. measurement of automobile speed
2. weather forecasting
3. mapping of the moon and the planet Venus
4. used in aviation, both commercial and military.
Properties of RADAR
1. EM spectrum-peak power emitted per pulse at the antenna
2. power density at some distance as transmitted by the antenna
3. modulated by the antenna, which rotates to scan up to 180 Bullet
around it.
17. Disadvantages of RADAR
1. takes time to lock on an object
2. has wider beam range ( over 50ft diameter)
3. it has shorter range (200ft)
4. cannot track if an object is decelerating
5. the large objects that are close to the transmitter
can saturate the receiver
6. readings may be falsified if the object is handheld.
18. LASER or Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
Radiation, is a device that generates an intense beam of
coherent monochromatic light by stimulated emission
of photons from excited atoms or molecules.
The first constructed laser made from ruby rod was
devised by Theodore Maiman .
19. LASER or Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission
Radiation, is a device that generates an intense beam of
coherent monochromatic light by stimulated emission
of photons from excited atoms or molecules.
The first constructed laser made from ruby rod was
devised by Theodore Maiman .
20. Uses of LASER
1. Key area in wireless communication. This includes
analysis, optimization, and design but due to its low
noise ratio, makes it one of the well suited
communication medium for exchange of
information.
2. It is considered to be extremely intense that it can
cut very hard objects.
21. Uses of LASER
3. used in industrial work
4. fiber–optic communication system
5. medical applications
6. optical discs, in high– energy lasers
7. Surveying
8. research tool
23. Parts of LASER
1. Modulator- influences the data on the carrier.
2. laser diode- converts electrical energy into light energy.
3. transmitter side- radiates signal to the laser beam.
4. laser beam- stimulates the molecules to emit light and intensify the
light producing a very narrow beam of radiation.
5. Demodulator-where the information content from the modulated
carrier wave is received.
6. photon sensor- serves as detector of light.
7. receiver side- change an optical data back to an electrical signal.
24. Applications of LASER
1. Transmission and processing of information
2. precise delivery of energy
3. alignment, measurement, and imaging
Properties of LASER
1. Monochromatic , which means there is a single wavelength or one
color of light only.
2. highly directional or effectively working in one direction.
3. highly coherent wherein waves of light emitted have a constant
relative phase.
25. Advantages of LASER
1. they are inexpensive
2. Small
3. low power
4. do not require any radio interference studies.
Disadvantages of LASER
1. High quality laser are expensive
2. need more expenditures
3. cause skin and eye damage when exposed for a long period of time.
