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Delhi
RIVER  YAMUNA  AT ORIGIN  ‐ YAMUNOTRI
RIVER  YAMUNA  AT UTTARAKHAND
RIVER  YAMUNA  AT  DELHI
The Yamuna river 
originates at 
   g
Yamunotri in 
Uttarakhand.

The total length of the 
river from the Glacier 
river from the Glacier
to the Ganga Sanagm 
at Allahabad is about 
at Allahabad is about
1,300 km.
Wazirabad Barrage
DELHI STRETCH

The 22‐km stretch 
of the Yamuna in 
Delhi lies between 
   lhi li b
Wazirabad and the               Vikas Marg Bridge

Okhla barrage.
Okhla barrage
                             Nizamuddin Bridge




                              Okhla Barrage
Rape of the
 River
 in   Delhi
Sewage Disposal
The 22 km stretch of 
The 22 km stretch of
the Yamuna in Delhi 
contributes over 80%
contributes over 80%
of the pollution load 
of the entire 1300 km 
of the entire 1300 km
river.

The stretch is barely 
2% of the length of
   of the length of 
the river.
The Yamuna in Delhi – 22 sewage filled drains empty into the river
All waste of the city, domestic and industrial, whether treated 
or not flows through these drains and reaches the Yamuna.
The Najafgarh drain and the Shahadra drain are the two 
             largest polluters of the river




         Pic to come from CSDS
Sewage status of India 2005 
40% of India’s sewage treatment capacity belongs to Delhi, yet a massive gap 
remains between sewage generation and treatment.
remains between sewage generation and treatment
 35000          33212




                                                                                     itres pe day
 30000
                                                              27022




                                                                                            er
 25000


 20000




                                                                         in Million li
 15000




                                                                            M
 10000
                                         6190

  5000


    0
           Sewage generation       Installed capacity        Untreated
Delhi Jal Board sewage generation estimate : 3632 MLD
          Actual sewage treatment : 1478MLD
          A     l                   1478MLD
        Which is only 64% of treatment capacity

   The Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) remain grossly 
                      underutilised.
Three STPs (Ghitorni, Rohini and Keshopur‐I) do not treat 
                 even a drop of waste
The STPs release treated effluents into the nearby drains, which 
are already full of untreated and illegal sewage.
The river ceases to exist at Wazirabad
What flows subsequently is only the sewage and waste from 
                   Delhi’s 22 drains.
Ecological flow




  For the health of any river, the amount of 
  For the health of any river the amount of
water drawn out for usage must be limited. The 
  standards required for ecological flow are 
   t d d         i df         l i l fl
completely disregarded in case of the Yamuna 
                   in Delhi.
Micro‐pollutants like pesticides and heavy metals have been found in 
                 the water flowing in Delhi’s drains. 
In 2004, high levels of Arsenic were reported in the Yamuna at Okhla
In 2004 high levels of Arsenic were reported in the Yamuna at Okhla
Effluent discharge by factories ‐ film of poisonous foam and frothing
The frothy mix is so glaring it can be viewed on Google Earth
The Holy River ‐ film of poisonous foam and frothing
The Holy River ‐
An idol of 
Goddess Durga 
being 
immersed 
immersed
near Okhla 
barrage amidst 
froth‐like 
froth like
sewage
Cremation
Nigambodh Ghat, the city's public 
crematorium area
Yamuna as a Holy river
Unregulated settlements on water edge
However the amount of sewage generated by the 
slum population  30 % of the population accounts for 
slum population ‐ 30 % of the population accounts for
  merely 3.3 % of the total sewage generated by the 
               entire city population.
               entire city population.

   It is the illegal, unregularised and unauthorised
   It is the illegal, unregularised and unauthorised
  residential and commercial colonies that are not 
 connected to the sewage system. Hence 50% of the 
 connected to the sewage system. Hence 50% of the
     sewage that enters the Yamuna is untreated.
Garbage dumped along the river
Access to the river – blocked by garbage dumps
Access to the river –
Access to the river – blocked by garbage dumps
Access to the river –
Access to the river – blocked by garbage dumps
Access to the river –
Direct usage – bathing, washing clothes, defecating etc.
Direct usage – bathing, washing clothes, defecating etc.
Direct usage – bathing, washing clothes, defecating etc.
Water transport
•Vegetable transport carried out in thermocol boats
 S                tb t t          & di l     i      l      il bl     hi
•Some government boats, steam & diesel engines are also available on hire
Water transport
Water transport
Braving the stench, people take a boat ride in the Yamuna
Plastic collectors
Plastic collectors collect and sell plastic from the river to make a living
Plastic collectors
Plastic collectors
Plastic collectors

Thermocol from dumped garbage used for making boats
Thermocol from dumped garbage used for making boats
Coin collectors
Coin collectors in the polluted river
A cow and a man scrounging for leftover food 
Garbage and sewage flow in Yamuna's Qudsia
Garbage and sewage flow in Yamuna's Qudsia Ghat
Yamuna Floodplains
Delhi’s largest groundwater recharge zone 
Covering the banks with impermeable concrete and 
Covering the banks with impermeable concrete and
  construction has threatened this groundwater 
                 recharge zone.
                 recharge zone
Illegal constructions on the floodplain ‐ Akshardham
 Temple, the Delhi Government Secretariat and the 
        l h      lh                             d h
  Commonwealth Games Village ‐continue to exist. 
Groundwater exploitation
 Unplanned exploitation of precious groundwater has led to the 
 decline of the water table by 2 to 8 m during the past decade. 
The River is Dead
                          Oxygen level when river exits Delhi is almost zero, unable to 
                            yg
                          support any aquatic life. It is even unfit for bathing.
                                                     Yamuna at palla
                                   14
                                                     Yamuna river at Nizamuddin

                                                     Yamuna river at Okhla after meeeting
                                   12                Shahdara Drain
                 n Demand (BOD) 




                                                     M aximum permissible limit for bathing


                                   10



                                   8
      mical Oxygen




                                   6
Biochem




                                   4



                                   2



                                   0
Even during monsoon, the river is not able to 
                 rejuvenate it self. 

  During 2005 during monsoon, the DO (Dissolved 
Oxygen) levels at Nizamuddin rose to 4 mg/l (October 
   2005) where as in 2007 observed levels were 
               2.1 mg/l (August 2007). 
   5 mg/l‐ the limit set for bathing water quality
Traditional value of
the Yamuna in Delhi
In the olden days, Delhi 
received its main source of 
water from:
water from:

• Shallow step wells dug on 
the floodplains of Yamuna.
 h fl d l        f

              y       j
•Ponds locally called johads
that had connection with the 
local streams, rivulets and 
their tributaries. 
their tributaries




18th Century –
     Century –
           y
Shahjahanabad by the 
Yamuna
18th Century – The Yamuna flowing by The RedFort
     Century – The Yamuna flowing by The RedFort
Water resources were managed by the community
River in India has always had the status of Mother.
                                     pp
      The Yamuna has been worshipped as a
                  Divine holy river.
The Yamuna is revered as source of civilisation. 
                    p
Tradition calls for prudence in use of it’s water. 
The river is no longer seen as a 
                   g
    living, breathing entity
What h b
Wh t has been done
               d
to clean the River?
                  ?
Between 1995 and 2005 the government of Delhi 
      has incurred a total expenditure of 
      has incurred a total expenditure of
          Rs. 1100 to Rs. 1450 crore
on building sewage and waste treatment facilities. 
on building sewage and waste treatment facilities
In addition, there has been planning and funding 
         through YAP (Yamuna Action Plan). 
         through YAP (Yamuna Action Plan).
        By 2006, capital investments totaling 
Rs. 1,188 1,491 crore have literally gone down the 
Rs 1 188‐ 1 491 crore have literally gone down the
                        drain. 
Yamuna in Delhi
The YAP or any plan to control river pollution, has never 
looked at the 22 open stormwater drains, which flush out 
             Delhi’s waste into the Yamuna. 
Even after the Supreme Court’s directive of 
 achieving the minimum desired water quality of 
the river by March 2003, the pollution levels have 
 only risen and the river has been classified dead.
Why should Delhi
save the Yamuna?
1. Fresh perennial water, for which the river must flow
2. Recharges the aquifers 
3. Allows excess rainwater to drain out 
3 Allows excess rainwater to drain out
4. Beauty and recreation
A river is a symbol of identity for a region.
It is a community asset. River revitalization brings 
     communities that depend on it back to life.
Flood Control
It provides public spaces which bring people together. 
River floodplains recharge groundwater
What
 Wh t needs to be
          d t b
done/ way forward?
    /     f      ?
Recently,
Recently Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said

        “...Our country is blessed with mighty rivers
                      y                   g y
that are inextricably linked with our history, our
religious beliefs, our culture and our customs of our
people.
      l

 …We have decided to adopt a different and more
   We
holistic approach taking the river and not the city as
the unit of planning...focus on catchment area
            p      g
treatment, protection of flood plains, ensuring
ecological flows and restoration of the river
ecosystem...”
Yamuna Satyagrah at Qudsia Ghat
Yamuna Satyagrah at Qudsia Ghat
The Yamuna 
Satyagrah began 
in Aug 2007  and 
i A 2007 d
pledged to save 
the Yamuna flood 
plains from 
encroachments. 

24 hour dharnas
are carried out to 
are carried out to
keep the 
Satyagrah, alive 
which goes on till 
  h h             ll
date at the 
Qudisa Ghat.
Save the Floodplain
Save the Floodplain
Rainwater Harvesting
               R i   t H       ti

 Annual rainfall in Delhi is substantial and the city 
 A      l i f ll i D lhi i     b t ti l d th it
 area receives a normal rainfall of 611.8 mm in 27 
rainy days amounting to 193 MCM, which however 
  i d              ti t 193 MCM hi h h
          goes unutilised at the moment. 
We need a new approach which is localised
   and cost effective, and also tries to 
   and cost effective and also tries to
    minimise the waste to be treated.
•Maximising utilisation of existing treatment 
facilities
•Cleaning the drains in Delhi 
•Ensuring reuse of treated effluent (so that treated 
and untreated sewage do not mix)
•Improving monitoring systems and setting 
progressive standards 
•Achieving dilution in the river. 
Thank You

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