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Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων
βαθειάς μάθησης
Τμήμα: Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών & Μηχανικών
Υπολογιστών, Πολυτεχνική σχολή Α.Π.Θ.
Ονοματεπώνυμο: Ακανθόπουλος Ηλίας
ΑΕΜ: 8494
Επιβλέπων: Συμεωνίδης Ανδρέας - Αναπληρωτής
Καθηγητής Τμήματος Η.Μ.Μ.Υ., Α.Π.Θ.
Συνεπιβλέπων: Κατσαρός Παναγιώτης - Αναπληρωτής
Καθηγητής Τμήματος Πληροφορικής, Α.Π.Θ.
Ημερομηνία: 30/10/2020
Σκοπός της διπλωματικής εργασίας
• Μελέτη και ανάδειξη μεθόδων με στόχο την
αποτελεσματική αξιολόγηση της ευρωστίας των
ταξινομητών – νευρωνικών δικτύων
• Δημιουργία περισσότερο εύρωστων νευρωνικών
δικτύων
• Βελτίωση ευρωστίας – θωράκιση ήδη
αναπτυγμένων (deployed) νευρωνικών δικτύων
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 2
Γνώσεις που αποκτήθηκαν
• Είδη ταξινομητών – νευρωνικών δικτύων ανάλογα
με την αρχιτεκτονική και το σετ δεδομένων που
χρησιμοποιείται
• Εναλλακτικές μέθοδοι εκπαίδευσης ως τεχνικές
δημιουργίας πιο εύρωστων νευρωνικών δικτύων
• Είδη παραμορφώσεων στα δεδομένα εισόδου
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 3
Γνώσεις που αποκτήθηκαν
• Επιθετικές μέθοδοι με σκοπό την έκθεση των
ευπαθειών των νευρωνικών δικτύων
• Αμυντικές μέθοδοι για τη θωράκιση των
ταξινομητών – νευρωνικών δικτύων ως προς τις
αδυναμίες τους
• Μετρικές αξιολόγησης των ταξινομητών ως προς
την ευρωστία τους
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 4
Ορισμός ευρωστίας
• Έστω χώρος 𝐿𝑝 και ένα δείγμα εισόδου 𝑥 το οποίο
ανήκει στην κλάση 𝑦 και 𝑥′ το παραμορφωμένο
δείγμα εισόδου τέτοιο, ώστε να ταξινομείται στην
κλάση 𝑦′.
• Ευρωστία: 𝑟𝑝𝑥
= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∥ (𝑥 − 𝑥′
) ∥𝑝, ∀𝑥′ ⇾ 𝑦′ ≠ 𝑦
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 5
Μεθοδολογία
• Εγκατάσταση-εργαλεία
• Python 3.7
• Keras (Tensorflow)
• ART (Advesarial Robustness Toolbox)
• Δημιουργία νευρωνικών δικτύων με
διαφοροποιήσεις ως προς τα σετ δεδομένων
(MNIST, CIFAR-10), τις ιδιαιτερότητες των μεθόδων
εκπαίδευσης (A.T., G.D.A.) και τις αρχιτεκτονικές
(C.N.N., D.N.N.)
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 6
Μεθοδολογία
• Αξιολόγηση της ευρωστίας των νευρωνικών
δικτύων με χρήση μετρικής (Empirical Robustness)
• Εξέταση αποτελεσματικότητας (Accuracy)
αμυντικών μεθόδων προεπεξεργασίας (F.S., T.V.M.,
S.S.) απέναντι σε κορυφαίες επιθέσεις (E.A.D.,
C.&W., P.G.D.)
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 7
Παράδειγμα
𝑟2 = 0 𝑟2 = 5 𝑟2 = 8
“7” – 96% “1” – 32% “1” – 78%
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 8
Αποτελέσματα – Πίνακας ευρωστίας
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 9
E.A.D. - 𝑙1 C.&W. - 𝑙2 P.G.D. - 𝑙∞
MNIST – C.N.N. 3.69 4.95 2.17
MNIST – C.N.N. (A.T.) 5.41 5.43 2.23
MNIST – C.N.N. (G.D.A.) 7.08 6.26 3.61
MNIST – D.N.N. 1.88 4.19 0.93
MNIST – D.N.N. (A.T.) 2.11 4.62 1.44
MNIST – D.N.N. (G.D.A.) 3.36 5.93 1.78
CIFAR10 – D.N.N. 0.21 0.32 0.10
CIFAR10 – D.N.N. (A.T.) 0.22 0.37 0.12
CIFAR10 – D.N.N.
(G.D.A.)
0.24 0.41 0.13
Αποτελέσματα – Άμυνες
προεπεξεργασίας (ενδεικτικός πίνακας)
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 10
MNIST – C.N.N.
Setting: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F.S. – E.A.D. 0.821 0.430 0.271 0.142 0.093 0.060 0.048 0.046 0.046 0.044
F.S. – C.&W. 0.773 0.096 0.077 0.067 0.061 0.047 0.046 0.044 0.043 0.042
F.S. – P.G.D. 0.874 0.039 0.038 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027
T.V.M. – E.A.D. 0.339 0.323 0.321 0.317 0.308 0.330 0.296 0.278 0.268 0.263
T.V.M. – C.&W. 0.228 0.206 0.213 0.215 0.241 0.252 0.254 0.241 0.241 0.226
T.V.M. – P.G.D. 0.271 0.295 0.317 0.304 0.305 0.293 0.215 0.203 0.197 0.190
S.S. – E.A.D. 0.049 0.793 0.789 0.774 0.630 0.445 0.320 0.252 0.227 0.206
S.S. – C.&W. 0.045 0.526 0.385 0.457 0.352 0.277 0.233 0.195 0.192 0.178
S.S. – P.G.D. 0.027 0.492 0.174 0.335 0.403 0.322 0.212 0.185 0.172 0.154
Συμπεράσματα
• Gaussian Data Augmentation (G.D.A.)> Adversarial
Training (A.T.) > Standard Training
• Απλή αρχιτεκτονική + σετ δεδομένων χαμηλής
διαστασιμότητας => υψηλότερη ευρωστία
• Feature Squeezing (F.S.) -> ιδανική για
ασπρόμαυρα σετ δεδομένων (MNIST)
• Total Variance Minimization (T.V.M.)-> σταθερά
αποτελέσματα σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις
• Spatial Smoothing (S.S.)-> ιδανική για τοπικές
παραμορφώσεις (νόρμες 𝑙1 και 𝑙2)
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 11
Μελλοντική Εργασία
• Συγκριτική μελέτη άλλων σετ δεδομένων και
αρχιτεκτονικών
• Μελέτη επίδρασης άλλων κατανομών θορύβου
κατά την εκπαίδευση
• Μία μετρική ευρωστίας ως κοινό σημείο
αναφοράς
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 12
Ευχαριστίες:
• Σε όλους τους ανθρώπους που με στήριξαν στην
προσπάθειά μου!
• Σε όλους τους υπόλοιπους, για την προσοχή σας!
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 13
Ερωτήσεις
30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 14

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Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης - Ακανθόπουλος Ηλίας

  • 1. Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης Τμήμα: Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών & Μηχανικών Υπολογιστών, Πολυτεχνική σχολή Α.Π.Θ. Ονοματεπώνυμο: Ακανθόπουλος Ηλίας ΑΕΜ: 8494 Επιβλέπων: Συμεωνίδης Ανδρέας - Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Τμήματος Η.Μ.Μ.Υ., Α.Π.Θ. Συνεπιβλέπων: Κατσαρός Παναγιώτης - Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Τμήματος Πληροφορικής, Α.Π.Θ. Ημερομηνία: 30/10/2020
  • 2. Σκοπός της διπλωματικής εργασίας • Μελέτη και ανάδειξη μεθόδων με στόχο την αποτελεσματική αξιολόγηση της ευρωστίας των ταξινομητών – νευρωνικών δικτύων • Δημιουργία περισσότερο εύρωστων νευρωνικών δικτύων • Βελτίωση ευρωστίας – θωράκιση ήδη αναπτυγμένων (deployed) νευρωνικών δικτύων 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 2
  • 3. Γνώσεις που αποκτήθηκαν • Είδη ταξινομητών – νευρωνικών δικτύων ανάλογα με την αρχιτεκτονική και το σετ δεδομένων που χρησιμοποιείται • Εναλλακτικές μέθοδοι εκπαίδευσης ως τεχνικές δημιουργίας πιο εύρωστων νευρωνικών δικτύων • Είδη παραμορφώσεων στα δεδομένα εισόδου 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 3
  • 4. Γνώσεις που αποκτήθηκαν • Επιθετικές μέθοδοι με σκοπό την έκθεση των ευπαθειών των νευρωνικών δικτύων • Αμυντικές μέθοδοι για τη θωράκιση των ταξινομητών – νευρωνικών δικτύων ως προς τις αδυναμίες τους • Μετρικές αξιολόγησης των ταξινομητών ως προς την ευρωστία τους 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 4
  • 5. Ορισμός ευρωστίας • Έστω χώρος 𝐿𝑝 και ένα δείγμα εισόδου 𝑥 το οποίο ανήκει στην κλάση 𝑦 και 𝑥′ το παραμορφωμένο δείγμα εισόδου τέτοιο, ώστε να ταξινομείται στην κλάση 𝑦′. • Ευρωστία: 𝑟𝑝𝑥 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∥ (𝑥 − 𝑥′ ) ∥𝑝, ∀𝑥′ ⇾ 𝑦′ ≠ 𝑦 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 5
  • 6. Μεθοδολογία • Εγκατάσταση-εργαλεία • Python 3.7 • Keras (Tensorflow) • ART (Advesarial Robustness Toolbox) • Δημιουργία νευρωνικών δικτύων με διαφοροποιήσεις ως προς τα σετ δεδομένων (MNIST, CIFAR-10), τις ιδιαιτερότητες των μεθόδων εκπαίδευσης (A.T., G.D.A.) και τις αρχιτεκτονικές (C.N.N., D.N.N.) 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 6
  • 7. Μεθοδολογία • Αξιολόγηση της ευρωστίας των νευρωνικών δικτύων με χρήση μετρικής (Empirical Robustness) • Εξέταση αποτελεσματικότητας (Accuracy) αμυντικών μεθόδων προεπεξεργασίας (F.S., T.V.M., S.S.) απέναντι σε κορυφαίες επιθέσεις (E.A.D., C.&W., P.G.D.) 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 7
  • 8. Παράδειγμα 𝑟2 = 0 𝑟2 = 5 𝑟2 = 8 “7” – 96% “1” – 32% “1” – 78% 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 8
  • 9. Αποτελέσματα – Πίνακας ευρωστίας 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 9 E.A.D. - 𝑙1 C.&W. - 𝑙2 P.G.D. - 𝑙∞ MNIST – C.N.N. 3.69 4.95 2.17 MNIST – C.N.N. (A.T.) 5.41 5.43 2.23 MNIST – C.N.N. (G.D.A.) 7.08 6.26 3.61 MNIST – D.N.N. 1.88 4.19 0.93 MNIST – D.N.N. (A.T.) 2.11 4.62 1.44 MNIST – D.N.N. (G.D.A.) 3.36 5.93 1.78 CIFAR10 – D.N.N. 0.21 0.32 0.10 CIFAR10 – D.N.N. (A.T.) 0.22 0.37 0.12 CIFAR10 – D.N.N. (G.D.A.) 0.24 0.41 0.13
  • 10. Αποτελέσματα – Άμυνες προεπεξεργασίας (ενδεικτικός πίνακας) 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 10 MNIST – C.N.N. Setting: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 F.S. – E.A.D. 0.821 0.430 0.271 0.142 0.093 0.060 0.048 0.046 0.046 0.044 F.S. – C.&W. 0.773 0.096 0.077 0.067 0.061 0.047 0.046 0.044 0.043 0.042 F.S. – P.G.D. 0.874 0.039 0.038 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.027 T.V.M. – E.A.D. 0.339 0.323 0.321 0.317 0.308 0.330 0.296 0.278 0.268 0.263 T.V.M. – C.&W. 0.228 0.206 0.213 0.215 0.241 0.252 0.254 0.241 0.241 0.226 T.V.M. – P.G.D. 0.271 0.295 0.317 0.304 0.305 0.293 0.215 0.203 0.197 0.190 S.S. – E.A.D. 0.049 0.793 0.789 0.774 0.630 0.445 0.320 0.252 0.227 0.206 S.S. – C.&W. 0.045 0.526 0.385 0.457 0.352 0.277 0.233 0.195 0.192 0.178 S.S. – P.G.D. 0.027 0.492 0.174 0.335 0.403 0.322 0.212 0.185 0.172 0.154
  • 11. Συμπεράσματα • Gaussian Data Augmentation (G.D.A.)> Adversarial Training (A.T.) > Standard Training • Απλή αρχιτεκτονική + σετ δεδομένων χαμηλής διαστασιμότητας => υψηλότερη ευρωστία • Feature Squeezing (F.S.) -> ιδανική για ασπρόμαυρα σετ δεδομένων (MNIST) • Total Variance Minimization (T.V.M.)-> σταθερά αποτελέσματα σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις • Spatial Smoothing (S.S.)-> ιδανική για τοπικές παραμορφώσεις (νόρμες 𝑙1 και 𝑙2) 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 11
  • 12. Μελλοντική Εργασία • Συγκριτική μελέτη άλλων σετ δεδομένων και αρχιτεκτονικών • Μελέτη επίδρασης άλλων κατανομών θορύβου κατά την εκπαίδευση • Μία μετρική ευρωστίας ως κοινό σημείο αναφοράς 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 12
  • 13. Ευχαριστίες: • Σε όλους τους ανθρώπους που με στήριξαν στην προσπάθειά μου! • Σε όλους τους υπόλοιπους, για την προσοχή σας! 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 13
  • 14. Ερωτήσεις 30/10/2020 Ευρωστία νευρωνικών δικτύων βαθειάς μάθησης 14