ppt of automatic room light controller and BI directional counter

ppt of automatic room light controller and BI directional counter
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PROJECT GROUP NO-03 WORK BENCH NO-05 2
ISO9001:2000 INSTITUTE Bangalore-560100 Department Of Electronics A Project Presentation On: AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER 3
[NEC 0413064] [NEC0413076] M.PREM KUMAR M.RAVINDRA SAI [NEC 0413069] MELIMI KAVYA [NEC 0413067] M.SIVA RAMA KRISHNA [NEC 0413077] KUMARI ANANYA
PROJECT GUIDE: Ms. PREETHI PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR: Mr. SARAVANA 5
INDEX OBJECTIVE INTRODUCTION BLOCK DIAGRAM BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION CIRCUIT DIAGRAM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS APPLICATIONS 6
OBJECTIVE: 7  Ensure the saving of electrical energy  Shows the number of persons inside the room
INTRODUCTION:  Usually when a person enters the room in darkness, we find it difficult to locate the wall- mounted switch board to switch “on” the light.  For a stranger it is tougher still as he has no knowledge of the correct switch to be turned on.  Here is our reliable circuit that takes over the task of switching “on” and switching “off” the light automatically when somebody enters or leaves the room during darkness. The circuit has following salient features:
 It turns “on” the room light whenever a person enters the room, provided that the room light is insufficient. If more than one person enters the room, say, one after the other, the light remains “ON”.  The light turns “OFF” only when the room is vacant (or) in other words, when all the persons who entered the room have left.
BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION: 1. POWER SUPPLY UNIT: Power Supply Unit provides DC supply to ICs and components. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER 0V-09V RECTIFIER DIODE FILTER CAPACITOR VOLTAGE REGULATOR IC 7805 230V, 50Hz 5V, 500mA AC Mains Constant DC 09VAC Pulsating DC Pure DC (Removes Ripples)
TRANSFORMER:- Here are using step down transformer to reduce the voltage level. RECTIFIER:- A bridge wave rectifier converts an AC input voltage to a pulsating DC. The pulsating DC voltage is only suitable to be used as a DC power supply. FILTER:- A circuit uses to reduce the fluctuations in the rectified output voltage are ripple. This provides a steadier DC voltage regulator REGULATOR:- A circuit uses to produce a constant DC output voltage by reducing the ripple to negligible amount.
The 9 volts transformer is given as the input to the 7805 IC provided with rectifier and filter circuit. Apart from the IC drop(2.4v), we have to consider the drop across all the components. So in order to get 5v output, the minimum voltage for the IC is 9v. By using an 7805 IC 5v dc can be given to the basic IC’s, and 5v dc is used to drive the relay. TR1 TRAN-2P2S D1 DIODE D2 DIODE D3 DIODE D4 DIODE C1 1000u VI 1 VO 3 GND 2 U1 7805 R1 25 Volts +4.99 TR1(P1)
BLOCK DIAGRAM : ` CONTROL 5v 5v
TRANSMITTER:- Here we are using IR transmitter using Astable multivibrator. It is a free running multivibrator that has no stable states but switches continually between two states this action produce a train of square wave pulses at a fixed frequency PHOTO DIODE:- A photo diode is a transducer that takes light energy and converts into electrical energy. DIFFERENTIATOR:- A differentiator is a ckt that is designed such the output of the ckt is approximately directly proportional to the rate of change of input
MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR:- A one-shot multivibrator that has one stable state and is triggered externally with it retuning back to its first stable state. UP/DOWN COUNTER:- It is also known as bidirectional counters. Both synchronous and asynchronous counters are capable of counting up/down count but there is another more universal type of counter that can count in both directions either up/down depending on the state of their input control pin and this are known as bidirectional counters. DISPLAY:- It will display the up/down counts.
CONTROL ELEMENT:- It will control the relay as per the up/down counter out. When the up/down counter is “0” only the relay get switch off RELAY:- Relay is a electro mechanical switch.
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R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U1 555 C1 0.1uf R1 390 R2 390 R3 470 D1 IR transmeter D2 photo diode R4 10K R5 10K R6 10k R7 10K 3 2 6 74 81 U2 OP07 C3 9.8nf R8 33K C4 0.01uf R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U3 555 C5 0.1uf C6 30uf R9 100k 1 2 U4:A 7404 R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U5 555 C2 0.1uf R10 390 R11 390 R12 470 D3 IR transmeter D4 Photo diode R13 10K R14 10K R15 10k R16 10K 3 2 6 74 81 U6 OP07 C7 9.8nf R17 33K C8 0.01uf R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U7 555 C9 0.1uf C10 30uf R18 100k 1 2 U8:A 7404 D0 15 Q0 3 D1 1 Q1 2 D2 10 Q2 6 D3 9 Q3 7 UP 5 TCU 12 DN 4 TCD 13 PL 11 MR 14 U9 74192 A 7 QA 13 B 1 QB 12 C 2 QC 11 D 6 QD 10 BI/RBO 4 QE 9 RBI 5 QF 15 LT 3 QG 14 U10 74LS47 Q1 2N2222 R3(1) R12(1) R14(2) R4(2) D5 DIODE D6 DIODE D7 DIODE D8 DIODE RL1 G5CLE-1-DC24 D9 DIODE RL1(COM) L1 12V
R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U1 555 C1 0.1uf R1 390 R2 390 R3 470 D1 IR transmeter D2 photo diode R4 10K R5 10K R6 10k R7 10K 3 2 6 74 81 U2 OP07 C3 9.8nf R8 33K C4 0.01uf R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U3 555 C5 0.1uf C6 30uf R9 100k 1 2 U4:A 7404 R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U5 555 C2 0.1uf R10 390 R11 390 R12 470 D3 IR transmeter D4 Photo diode R13 10K R14 10K R15 10k R16 10K 3 2 6 74 81 U6 OP07 C7 9.8nf R17 33K C8 0.01uf R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U7 555 C9 0.1uf C10 30uf R18 100k 1 2 U8:A 7404 D0 15 Q0 3 D1 1 Q1 2 D2 10 Q2 6 D3 9 Q3 7 UP 5 TCU 12 DN 4 TCD 13 PL 11 MR 14 U9 74192 A 7 QA 13 B 1 QB 12 C 2 QC 11 D 6 QD 10 BI/RBO 4 QE 9 RBI 5 QF 15 LT 3 QG 14 U10 74LS47 Q1 2N2222 R3(1) R12(1) R14(2) R4(2) D5 DIODE D6 DIODE D7 DIODE D8 DIODE RL1 G5CLE-1-DC24 D9 DIODE L1 12V RL1(COM) Volts +2.92
R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U1 555 C1 0.1uf R1 390 R2 390 R3 470 D1 IR transmeter D2 photo diode R4 10K R5 10K R6 10k R7 10K 3 2 6 74 81 U2 OP07 C3 9.8nf R8 33K C4 0.01uf R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U3 555 C5 0.1uf C6 30uf R9 100k 1 2 U4:A 7404 R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U5 555 C2 0.1uf R10 390 R11 390 R12 470 D3 IR transmeter D4 Photo diode R13 10K R14 10K R15 10k R16 10K 3 2 6 74 81 U6 OP07 C7 9.8nf R17 33K C8 0.01uf R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U7 555 C9 0.1uf C10 30uf R18 100k 1 2 U8:A 7404 D0 15 Q0 3 D1 1 Q1 2 D2 10 Q2 6 D3 9 Q3 7 UP 5 TCU 12 DN 4 TCD 13 PL 11 MR 14 U9 74192 A 7 QA 13 B 1 QB 12 C 2 QC 11 D 6 QD 10 BI/RBO 4 QE 9 RBI 5 QF 15 LT 3 QG 14 U10 74LS47 Q1 2N2222 R3(1) R12(1) R14(2) R4(2) D5 DIODE D6 DIODE D7 DIODE D8 DIODE RL1 G5CLE-1-DC24 D9 DIODE RL1(COM) Volts 0.00 L1 12V
DETAILED CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION  The IR transmitter circuit consist of an astable multivibrator NE555 timer IC1.  The output of IC1 at pin 3 is a unregular square waveform. This output is used to drive IR LED, which transmit IR light.  Modulated frequency is used because the IR receiver modules used in this circuit respond to IR signal modulated frequency.
 We are not considering Modulating frequency because we are using photo diode. so we are using constant resistance.  Resistor R3is a current limiting resistor that keeps the IR LEDs, current within the required range.
PHOTO DIODE  The Photo diode have two terminals for Vcc (Anode) (+5v), ground(cathode). In the normal state.  It receive light from the IR transmitter and it will act like a closed switch.  So the entire voltage will go to the ground  Whenever the object (or) obstacle come between the IR transmitter and Photo diode at the time Photo diode will act as a open switch  The entire voltage will go to inverting terminal of op- amp
COMPARATOR  Op-amp will act as a comparator.  Whenever the Photo diode will act as a open switch The voltage at inverting is equal to the voltage at non inverting so the comparator will produce low output. And it is given to the monostable multivibrator D2 LED R4 10K R5 10K R6 10k R7 10K 3 2 6 74 81 U2 OP07 R8 33K C4 100p
 When ever the Photo diode will act as a closed switch the voltage will go to the ground and some reference voltage will appear across non- inverting terminal and no voltage will appear across inverting terminal of the op-amp.  Whenever the obstruct is coming between IR transmitter and receiver the Photo diode will act as a open switch So the output of differentiator will produce low output. And it will give input to the monostable multivibrator
 In the circuit, two NE555 timer ICs (IC1 and IC2)wired as monostable multivibrators are used. The pulse width of the output waveforms (ON time) for these multi vibrators is fixed at about 3.3 seconds by suitably selecting the values for the timing capacitors c5 and c6 in conjunction with their associated resistors R8 and R9. MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR R 4 DC 7 Q 3 GND 1 VCC 8 TR 2 TH 6 CV 5 U3 555 C5 0.1uf C6 30uf R9 100k 1 2 U4:A 7404 i/p O/p
 These monostable multivibrators get triggered when their trigger input pins (pin 2) goes low. Thus the multivibrators are triggered only when the IR light beams are interrupted. Although the output pulse width of both the multivibrators are approximately the same.  When the object coming between the IR link the i/p of the monostable is low so the o/p of the monostable is high so o/p is connected to the not gate and it given to the up/down counter
UP/DOWN COUNTER o counter 74LS192 IC are used to counting the up and down count. o Monostable output is given to the 4th pin of 74192. It will do DOWN count. o When ever the monostable output is given to the 5th pin 74192.It will do UP count. o The IC output of Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 is connected to the driver IC(7447). And it will also connected to the 4 diodes. o The 4 diodes output is connect to the base terminal of the transistor.
o And the transistor emitter is connected to the ground and collector is connected to Vcc. o whenever the voltage present at the base terminal the voltage will go to the ground. o So the Relay will get switch ON. So light will not glow o Whenever the no voltage present at the base terminal so the transistor will not switch on. o So the relay will get switch off And the light will not glow
DISPLAY • Counter IC output is given to the input of the driver IC (7447). • 7 segment display is a most popular display device used in digital system for displaying data using this device.
• The data have to converted from BCD to SSD code • The IC 7447 decoder are driver has 4 input lines,7 output lines to drive a SSD • Active low output terminal a bar through g bar of decoder or connected to a through g terminals of display respectively • Has output of decoder or active low ,SSD LED’s of common anode types used.
ADVANTAGES 39 The light will not glow if no person is present inside the room. The light will on only when the person enters the room . Displays the number of persons present inside the room.
 The circuit requires different path for both entrance and exit way for the proper way of working. DISADVANTAGES
LIMITATIONS 41  It can’t display more than 9 (no: of persons) ,as the circuit is not cascaded.  As we had used the decade counter, when the 10th person gets in, the light automatically goes OFF.
APPLICATIONS 42  It can be used for homely needs.
FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION 43  To modify the 9 counts to 99 counts  By avoiding light sensing circuit, we can Control other appliances also.
COST ESTIMATION COMPONENTS 150 CHESES 100 PROJECT REPORT 350 TOTAL 550
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