1. FOOD SECURITY & NUTRITION
Prepared by
La Grandee International College,
Pokhara University
BPH V
Manik Rajbhandari

2. Introduction
■ According to FAO, “Food security exists when all people, at all
times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and
nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.”
■ A root cause of food insecurity is poverty.
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3. ■ The food security is poor in sub-Saharan Africa, South Eastern and
Western Asia.
■ In 2016, the number of undernourished people in the world increased
to an estimated 815 million, up from 777 million in 2015 but still
down from about 900 million in the year 2000.
■ In low-income countries, around 793 million people are
undernourished and over 3.5 million mothers and children under five
die every year.
■ Nepal is a highly food insecure country.
■ Almost half of the households in Nepal are food secure (48%).
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4. Dimensions of food security and their
determinants
Availability
• Domestic
production
• Import capacity
• Food stocks
• Food aid
Access
• Income,
purchasing
power, own
production
• Transport and
market
infrastructure
• Food
distribution
Utilization
• Food safety
and quality
• Clean water
• Health and
sanitation
• Care, feeding
and health-
seeking
practices
Stability
• Weather
variability
seasonality
• Price
fluctuations
• Political factors
• Economic
factors
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5. Relation between Food security and
Nutrition
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Nutritional Status
Food Intake Health Status
Food access Caring capacity Health services Environmental conditions
Production DonationPurchase
Food Security
Food security & Nutrition

6. Objectives
General objectives
■ To review arrival literatures to find about food security and nutrition
in nepal.
Specific Objectives
■ To find out the status of food security in Nepal.
■ To find out the probability of disease cause and food security status.
■ To find out the literatures related to food security.
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7. Methodology
For this review, Literature was searched using PubMed, and
Google scholar. Literature was search on February 7, 2018.
Restrictions were put on location, and language of publication.
The key word used to prepare this article are food security,
nutrition and so on. By using PubMed search engine, we find 800
articles in which we read first 50 article and 5 are used in it. And
by using google scholar we find 1700 articles in which we read
first 2 pages out of them 2 are used. We also get data and
information from NDHS report 2011 & 2016.
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8. RESULT
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9. Food security status, according to Residence
(in percentage)
67
54
10
17 14
20
9 9
46
39
12
24 25 26
16
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
Food secure Mildly food insecure Moderately food insecure Severely food insecure
urban rural
Source NDHS 2011 & 2016
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10. Food security status, according to Development region
Source NDHS 2016
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11. 41
38
18 19
26
29
15 14
47 47
12
19
29
24
12
10
52 51
11
21 19 19
12
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016
Food secure Mildly food insecure Moderately food insecure Severely food insecure
Food security status, according to Ecological zone (in percentage)
mountain hill terai
Source NDHS 2011 & 2016
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12. Food security status, according to Province
Source NDHS 2016
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13. Relation between disease and food security (in
percentage)
17
1 2
10
1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.5
26
6 6
19
5 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Food secure Food insure
Source USAD
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14. S.N. Source Methodology Sample Place Findings
1 Harris-Fry
HA,
Paudel P
et.al.
(2018)
24h dietary
recall for 3
days
150
households
1278
individuals
Dhanusha and
mahattari
Women diets consist larger starchy food,
pulses, fruits and vegetables then man.
Status of mean probability of adequate for 11
micronutrients in
Pregnant = 37%
Mother in laws = 52%
Male household heads =57%
2 Aryal KP,
Poudel S
et.al.
(2018)
Interviews and
focus group
discussions
195
individuals
9 wards of
khar VDC of
darchula
district
59 families used 99 wild & non-cultivated
edible plants (WNEPs).
85% household depend upon WNEPs for at
least more than a month per year.
3 Geniez
Perrine,
Mathiassen
A et.al.
401
household
in mountain
region and
857 in
Kathmandu
Mountain
region and
Kathmandu
In the mountain
Food & nutrient poor = 34%
Nutrition poor = 24%
In the Kathmandu
Food & nutrient poor = 7%
Nutrition poor = 14%
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15. Conclusion
■ This study shows that, food security is high in urban than rural.
■ Food security is high in the 2011 as compare 2016 but food
security level is improve in the severely food insecure
household.
■ Food security status is directly related to various disease.
■ Some people also depend upon wild & non-cultivated edible
plants for their food.
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16. Recommendation
■ Government of Nepal should focus in the increasing of food
production.
■ Empower people for food storing capacity at household and
national level.
■ In emergency time, Government of Nepal should distribute
food at low cost or free.
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17. References
1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. THE
STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE
WORLD. 2017.
2. Harris-Fry H, Shrestha N, Costello A, Saville NM. Determinants of
intra-household food allocation between adults in South Asia - a
systematic review. International journal for equity in health.
2017;16(1):107.
3. Hjelm L, Mathiassen A, Wadhwa A. Measuring Poverty for Food
Security Analysis: Consumption- Versus Asset-Based Approaches.
Food and nutrition bulletin. 2016.
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18. 4. Demographic and Health Survey 2016. food security.
2017.
5. Demographic and Health Survey 2011. food security. 2012.
6. Harris-Fry HA, Paudel P, Shrestha N, Harrisson T, Beard
BJ, Jha S, et al. Status and determinants of intra-household
food allocation in rural Nepal. European journal of clinical
nutrition. 2018.
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19. 7. Aryal KP, Poudel S, Chaudhary RP, Chettri N, Chaudhary P, Ning
W, et al. Diversity and use of wild and non-cultivated edible plants in the
Western Himalaya. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine.
2018;14(1):10.
8. Geniez P, Mathiassen A, de Pee S, Grede N, Rose D. Integrating
food poverty and minimum cost diet methods into a single framework: a
case study using a Nepalese household expenditure survey. Food and
nutrition bulletin. 2014;35(2):151-9.
9. Perry S. MINNPOST 2018. Available from:
https://www.minnpost.com/second-opinion/2017/08/food-insecurity-
linked-10-major-chronic-diseases.
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21. THANK YOU…
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