prof. mandeep singh

1. ER.MANNDEEP SINGH
(Assistant Professor)
BGIET, SANGRUR

2. What is urban hydrology?
Urban hydrology is a special case of hydrology applied for cities i.e., areas with very high
level of human interference with natural processes.
Urban hydrology is the scientific application of hydrologic principles and knowledge to the
planning and management of urban areas and their surroundings.
It embraces/includes all aspects of the interactions of man and water in occupancy of land.
It includes the special hydrologic studies needed to accomplish these ends and deals with
minimizing the adverse effects of man's use of land and water and with maximizing the
effective use of the available water resources.

3. What is Urbanization?
Urbanization is a form of social
transformation from traditional rural
societies to modern urban communities.
It is long term continuous process.
Urbanization is the process through which
cities grow, and higher and higher
percentages of the population comes to
live in the city.
Urbanisation occurs mainly because people
move from rural areas to urban areas and it
results in growth in the size of the urban
population and the extent of urban areas.
These changes in population lead to other
changes in land use, economic activity and
culture. Historically, urbanisation has been
associated with significant economic and social
transformations. For example, urban living is
linked with higher levels of literacy and
education, better health, lower fertility and a
longer life expectancy, greater access to social
services and enhanced opportunities for cultural
and political participation (UNDESA, 2014).
However, urbanisation also has disadvantages
caused by rapid and unplanned urban growth
resulting in poor infrastructures such as
inadequate housing, water and sanitation,
transport and health care services.

4. What Is
Industrialization?
Industrialization is the process by which an
economy is transformed from a primarily
agricultural one to one based on the
manufacturing of goods. Individual manual
labor is often replaced by mechanized mass
production, and craftsmen are replaced by
assembly lines.
Industrialization is a progressive transformation
of an economic system from rudimentary
productive methods to more complex
manufacturing processes. It is a systematic
change that aims to reshape the productive
forces of a given country

6. Volume and Trend of Urbanisation in India
India shares most characteristic features of urbanisation in the developing countries. Number of
urban agglomeration /town has grown from 1827 in 1901 to 7935 in 2011.
Number of the total population has increased from 23.84 crores in 1901 to 121.7 crores in 2011
whereas number of the population residing in urban areas has increased from 2.58 crores in 1901
to 37.71 crores in 2011

16. How the Urban Water Cycle Works?
This fundamental system keeps fresh, clean water coming into our houses, and takes away the
dirty stuff. But people might not realize what actually goes into it.
The urban water cycle is different than the hydrologic cycle, which accounts for environmental
condensation, precipitation and evaporation. The urban water cycle is the engineered methods
that bring clean water to each of us. These methods and the people that operate them are the
unsung heroes in a complex story playing out right beneath our feet.
So, how does clean water reach our homes when we open the tap? Let’s take a closer look at the
eight steps of the cycle.

17. The Eight Main Steps of the Urban Water Cycle
1. Source
The water has to come from somewhere. Often, it comes from surface water like lakes, rivers
and reservoirs. But it doesn’t have to. Groundwater can also be pumped up via wells.
2. Treatment
Because water taken from open bodies may contain harmful microorganisms, it has to be treated
before it reaches us in our homes. This process can involve a lot of steps. Typical surface water
treatment involves chemical coagulation, filtration and disinfection.
3. Distribution
After treatment and sufficient disinfection, the water is sent out via a pressurized system of lifts
to the areas in the city where it is needed. A disinfectant residual must be maintained at all parts
of the system

18. 4. Storage
After being distributed, the water is stored in water towers before it is used. Water towers use
gravity to make sure sure we have the water when and where we need it.
5. Use
We do it every day. We take showers, brush our teeth, water our lawns, clean our clothes and
drink water.
6. Collection
Water leaves our homes by going down our drains and toilets. Sewer systems collect and convey
the wastewater from our homes and businesses to wastewater treatment plants. The process is
typically done using gravity.

19. 7. Treatment
Because the water quality is reduced by usage, and because it has to be put back into the
hydrologic cycle, it has to be treated. This is done through a variety of biological and chemical
processes.
8. Discharge
Once the treated water (effluent) has been cleaned to regulatory standards, it is discharged back
into the environment. When it gets back to the environment, the cycle starts again.
There is a lot happening when we consider how clean water gets to all of us. The cities and
water utilities responsible deserve a pat on the back.

20. Urban water supply demand forecasting: -

21. Problem: - 1.