A series of modules on project cycle, planning and the logical framework, aimed at team leaders of international NGOs in developing countries. (Part 4 of 11)
There is a handout to go with this presentation, a sample Watsan stakeholder analysis: http://www.slideshare.net/Makewa/4-watsan-stakeholder-analysis-jan091
3. “ ZOPP / GOPP / OOPP Goal Oriented Project Planning “ Planning … aimed at the needs of target groups, the key parts of a project agreed with those concerned ”
16. Stakeholder Analysis: List Secondary Primary Participation Influence on project Importance to Project Key Interests Stakeholders
17. Stakeholder Analysis: List Example: School Attendance May be high Medium – depends on approach High – implementers? Their job, role, status Teachers Maybe small High – control children Have authority over the children Child’s future Parents Engaged at various stages Small – they do what they are told The target group Get work School Age Children Participation Influence on project Importance to Project Key Interests Stake-holders
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19. Stakeholder Analysis: Matrix Low Influence High Influence High Potential Significance or Importance Low Importance Influential stakeholders but with less importance for outputs. They affect outcome of activities and need careful management The interests of these should be monitored to ensure that they are not negatively affected Project Managers will need good working relationships with these stakeholders to ensure support for project activities May need special initiatives if needs are to be met. The Target Group should be here
20. Stakeholder Analysis: Matrix Example: School Attendance Project Low Influence High Influence High Potential Significance or Importance Low Importance Elders Monks Women’s Association Teachers Dept of Education Children
25. Becomes: Objective Tree Sufficient Funds Best Practice Water Administration Low Rate of Disease Low Infant Mortality High Productivity High Incomes Low Infant Mortality High Incomes High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Best Practice Water Administration All Houses Connected Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Best Practice Water Administration Adequate Clean WATER Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Sufficient Funds Good Water System Best Practice Water Administration Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes MEANS ENDS DESIRABLE STATE If necessary, revise statements, delete objectives that appear unrealistic and add new objectives.
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27. EFFECTS CAUSES The system receives no maintenance The irrigation system is faulty Some irrigation structures have been destroyed Support services for farmers are not available in the area The farmers have no investment capacity Rice production is insufficient for the population of village x Agricultural practices are unsuitable a) Problem tree
28. b) Identifying stakeholders PUBLIC PRIVATE SMALL (micro) LARGE (macro) FAO MoA Irrigation Dept . Agric. Ext. services NGO Farmers’ groups Farmers Fertiliser suppliers
29. c) Transforming Problems into Objectives Rice production is insufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is faulty Agricultural practices are unsuitable The system receives no maintenance Some irrigation structures have been destroyed Support services for farmers are not available Farmers do not have investment capacity Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Support services for farmers are available Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Farmers have the resources to invest Problems Objectives
30. d) Objectives tree MEANS ENDS Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Support services for farmers are available Farmers have the resources to invest
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32. Look at Alternatives Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Farmers have the resources to invest Training of District staff Channel & Dam Repair project Strengthen Agriculture Dept Start a Savings Group / Bank Farmer Co-op Support services for farmers are available
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34. 5. Analysis of strategy SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE (or project purpose) EXPECTED RESULTS OVERALL OBJECTIVE CHOSEN STRATEGY Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Support services for farmers are available Farmers have the resources to invest
3 – 4 hours. Need: Flip Charts 2-3, Marker pens Print: Basic Cycle, List of stages (slides 4 & 5), Problem Tree, Stakeholder grid
PRINT THIS AS HANDOUT
Ex-Ante Appraisal: A. Outline funding mechanisms and budget B. Define project PRINT THIS AS HANDOUT C. socio-economic context of the intervention D. Analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats E. Take account of the success / failure of the past programmes F. Means to attain the Objectives G. Assessment the rationale and overall consistency of the strategy H. Quantify objectives (Output, and Impact indicators for each measure)
Ex-Ante Appraisal: A. Outline funding mechanisms and budget B. Define project C. socio-economic context of the intervention D. Analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats E. Take account of the success / failure of the past programmes F. Means to attain the Objectives G. Assessment the rationale and overall consistency of the strategy H. Quantify objectives (Output, and Impact indicators for each measure)
3 stages for the problem analysis: Identify the major problem faced by the beneficiaries: based on demand from the community, needs as assessed by experts or project staff or any other stakeholder Develop a problem tree identify the stakeholders affected in the proposed project
Last 3 stages for the problem analysis: Turn problem tree into objectives tree, look at different approaches and how they can be implemented
The technique is an integral part of the ZOPP approach assists in analysing an existing situation by identifying the major problems and their main causal relationships
Internal and External Primary and Secondary
May also use a ranking exercise
Primary stakeholders will usually be found in top two boxes and secondary in lower two
Primary stakeholders will usually be found in top two boxes and secondary in lower two
Example used: Children attending school Problem tree: intuitive central problem is low attendance; but many problems stem from low family income – is this the core? Stakeholder Analysis: Use a blank matrix
The technique is an integral part of the ZOPP approach assists in analysing an existing situation by identifying the major problems and their main causal relationships
See next slide to continue example
Based on the objective tree, there are several options for the project, either to tackle all the branches, or only one of them or only sub-problems. Next slide to discuss choices.
Certain criteria will have to be determined to decide between different alternatives: Available resources (usually the main criteria) Probability of achieving objectives Timeframe Cost Socio-political risks etc. Once the most appropriate strategy is chosen, this is summarised in the log-frame
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