Department of Safety Science and Engineering
Dr. Majid Khan
Ph.D., Exploration Geophysics
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
and Applications
土木与资源工程学院
School of Civil and Resource Engineering
Email: majid@ustb.edu.cn
Phone: 15589939625

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Contents
Majid Lecture-1
Course Introduction
1.1
Course Overview
1.2
Reference Materials
1.3
Course Contents
1.4
Chapter-1: AutoCAD Fundamentals-1
1.5
AutoCAD

Course Introduction
1.1
AutoCAD
Majid Lecture-1 3

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Course Introduction
Introduction
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Course objectives
The objective of this course is to learn the basic commands and tools necessary for
professional 2D drawing, Automatic Computer Aided Designs (AutoCAD) and drafting,
software interface, interactive tools, and applications for engineering designs.
After completing this course users will be able to:
֍ Use AutoCAD for daily working process.
֍ Navigate throughout AutoCAD using major navigating tools.
֍ Understand the concept and techniques to draw.
֍ Create multiple designs using several of tools.
֍ Create layers to control the objects’ visibility.
֍ Explain drawing using annotations.
֍ Plot or print the drawing by scale.
֍ To use constraint for certain design
֍ Safety Science and Engineering designs
Pre-requisites: Microsoft® , Windows ® 7, 8, or 10, Computer basis, Engineering drawing

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What is AutoCAD?
AutoCAD
Majid
Automatic Computer Aided Designs
AutoCAD is a computer-aided design software developed by the company
Autodesk (hence the name AutoCAD). The first version was developed in 1982
by a group of programmers, led by John Walker. It allows the creation and
modification of geometric models with an almost infinite capacity to develop all
types of structures and objects.
Brief benefits of AutoCAD:
֍ Easy Edits: With AutoCAD, you can easily change and manipulate
designs.
֍ Faster Production: You can create a re-useable block library to replicate
design parts. Saved files can be used and re-used later, which makes the
design process faster than if you did it by hand.
֍ Better Accuracy: You can only draw something so small by hand, but
AutoCAD allows you to design down to fractions. This creates a more
accurate design in all dimensions.

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AutoCAD Applications
Engineering Applications
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Architecture (建筑工程) Civil (土木工程) Interior Designing (室内设计)
Mechanical (机械工业) Aerospace (航空航天工程) Safety Science (安全科学与工程)

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Continued…..
Engineering Applications
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Analogue Simulation and Animation Production:
Aircraft training environment, combat simulation system,
accident scene reappearance, primitive animals, aliens, such as
“Avatar” and “Harry potter”.

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Examples from Safety Science
Mine and Tunnels Safety
Majid
In Safety Science, AutoCAD can be used:
• Design the Mine Layout
• Plot geological features (faults, folds, fractures, etc.)
• Plot locations of Rockburst, coal/gas outbursts etc.
• Plot the real mine situations
• Plot the location of early warning system
• Dimensions of the underground structures (Mines/Tunnels)

Course Overview
1.2
Code: 4010316
Majid Overview 9

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Course Description
Descriptions
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Credit Hours Distribution
This course contains Theory (Lectures in the class room) and Practical (Computer practice)
• Total Credit Hours : 32
• Classroom Lectures: 14
• Computer based Practice: 18
Examination and Scores
• Assignments/Homework : 10 %
• Attendance and Computer Practice: 10 %
• Mid-term test : 20 %
• Final Exam : 60 %
Standards
• Present in ALL classes (attendance)
• Listening Carefully and Answering Questions
• Assignments completion independently
• Teaching, Exams, Assignments in ENGLISH

Reference Materials
1.3
Books
Majid Books 11

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Reference Materials
Suggested Books
Majid
֍Elliot J. Gindis and Robert C. Kaebisch (2019), Up and Running with
AutoCAD 2019 2D Drafting and Design, Academic Press, Elsevier Publishing,
United States, ISBN: 978-0-12-816440-2.
֍George Omura and Brian C. Benton (2019), Mastering AutoCAD 2019 and
AutoCAD LT, John Wiley & Sons Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana, United
States. ISBN:9781119495048.
֍Alf Yarwood (2011), Introduction to AutoCAD 2011, 2D and 3D Designs,
Newnes, Elsevier Publishing, ISBN: 978-0-08-096575-8
֍曾令宜主编 (2007). AutoCAD 2007中文版应用教程. 电子工业出版社，

Course Contents
1.3
Chapters

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Chapters
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Contents of the Course
֍ Chapter-1: AutoCAD Fundamentals-I
֍ Chapter-2: AutoCAD Fundamentals-II
֍ Chapter-3: Layers, Colors, Line Types and Properties
֍ Chapter-4: Mtext, Editing, and Styles
֍ Chapter-5: Hatch Patterns
֍ Chapter-6: Dimensions
֍ Chapter-7: Basic Printing and Outputs (Ch 9 in book)
֍ Chapter-8: Advanced Linework (Ch 11 in book)
֍ Chapter-9: Drawing 3D Solids
Basic commands, basic drawing objects,
Edits, interaction with CAD interfaces
Grips, Objects with scale and coordinates
Different layers, colors, lines and their uses
Editing and Formatting Text
Hatching objects, filling objects, Layers colors
Types of dimensions, Edit dimensions,
Dimstyles etc.
Printing the drawing in different formats,
Preview, Page setup manager etc.
Polyline, Pedit, Spline, Xline, Mline, etc.
How to draw basic 3D diagrams

AutoCAD Fundamentals-I
1.4
Chapter-1

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Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
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Learning Objectives
In this Chapter, I will introduce AutoCAD and discuss the followings:
֍ Introduction and the basic commands
• The Create Objects commands
• The Edit/Modify Objects commands
• The View Objects commands
֍ Opening AutoCAD
֍ The AutoCAD environment
֍ Interacting with AutoCAD
֍ Practicing the Create Objects commands
֍ Practicing the Edit/Modify Objects commands
֍ Selection methods―Window, Crossing, and Lasso
֍ Accuracy in drafting―Ortho (F8)
֍ Accuracy in drafting―OSNAPs (F3)

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Introduction and Basic Commands
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Introduction
Computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) is the process of using computer with CADD software to
design and produce drawings and models according to specific standards. The terms computer-aided
design (CAD) and computer-aided drafting (CAD) refers to specific aspects of CADD process.
Definition
CAD, uses powerful calculation functions and graphic processing capability of computers to help
knowledge workers design and analyze products, aiming to achieve innovative results. It is a new scientific
discipline that synthesizes computer science and engineering design methods.
Advantages
Make designing, producing, and maintaining more efficient, bring obvious economic benefit.
For example, It took 2 years to produce integrated circuits in the past, but now it just needs 2 weeks.
Basic Commands Needs
95% of drafting time is spent using only 5% of the available commands, over and over again
Even most complex designs are made up of few basic objects that appear over and over again

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Continued…
Create Objects:
• Line
• Circle
• Arc
• Rectangle
Edit/Modify Objects:
• Erase
• Move
• Copy
• Rotate
• Scale
• Trim
• Extend
• Offset
• Mirror
• Fillet
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
View Objects:
• Zoom
• Pan
• Regen
17 Basic commands
Commands can be issued by clicking icon button, choose from
menu bar, can be typed, can be chosen from shortcut menu

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Opening AutoCAD
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
There are two ways:
• Desktop Shortcut : Double Click the shortcut "AutoCAD
2007/2016/2019-English/Simplified Chinese"
(depends on your version installed)
• Start Menu: Click the start menu, type AutoCAD and pick the
version installed
"AutoCAD 2007/2016/2019-English/Simplified Chinese"

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AutoCAD Environment
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Learning Tips and
Online Resources
Open Template

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Continued….
Select template, Open dacad.dwt
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I

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Continued….
Screen Elements
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I

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Interacting with AutoCAD
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Primary Methods
Method 1: Type in the commands on the command line.
Method 2: Select the commands from the drop-down cascading menus.
Method 3: Use toolbar icons to activate the commands.
Method 4: Use the Ribbon tabs, icons, and menus.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Method-1: Type in Command Line
֍ Simply type in the desired command at the command line (Spelling important) and
press enter
֍ AutoComplete/AutoCorrect gives suggestions on commands (very useful and easy)
Method-2: Select the Commands From the Drop-Down Cascading Menus
֍ To access virtually every AutoCAD command using the drop-down
menu
֍ This method is slow for designing complex drawings
֍ Menu Command Subcommand Draw Circle 3
Points

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Method-3: Use Toolbar Icons to Activate the Commands
֍ This method began in mid-1990 when AutoCAD switched from DOS to Windows.
֍ Toolbars contain sets of icons organized by categories (Draw toolbar, Modify toolbar, etc.).
֍ You press the icon you want, and a command is initiated.
֍ Toolbar can be accesses easily by: Tools Toolbars AutoCAD from the cascading menu

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Method-4:
Use Ribbon Tabs, Icon, and Menus
֍ This is the most recently introduced
method of interacting with AutoCAD
֍ Toolbars have been displaced by
“tabbed” categories (Home, Insert,
Page Layout, etc.)

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Method-4 Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
֍ Additionally, tool tips appear if you place your mouse over any particular tool for
more than a second.

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Tip-1: To Learn AutoCAD tips
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
֍ The Esc (Escape) key in the upper left-hand corner of your keyboard is your new best friend while learning
AutoCAD.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Tip-2:
֍ To quickly erase everything on the screen, type in e for erase, press Enter, and type in all.
Then press Enter twice
Tip-3:
֍ Type in z for zoom, press Enter, type in the letter e, and then press Enter again.
֍ This is called Zoom to Extents and makes AutoCAD display everything you sketched
Tip-4:
֍ To perform the undo command in AutoCAD, just type in u and press Enter.
Tip-5:
֍ To repeat the last command, press spacebar OR enter , this will repeat the last command you saved.

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The Create Objects Commands
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Line
Steps:
֍ Step 1: Begin the line command via any of the preceding
methods
(typing, cascading menus, toolbar icons, and the
Ribbon)
• AutoCAD says: Specify first point:
֍ Step 2: Using the mouse, left-click anywhere on the
screen.
• AutoCAD says: Specify next point or [Undo]:
֍ Step 3. Move the mouse elsewhere on the screen and
left-click again. You can repeat Step 2 as many times as
you wish.
֍ When you are done, click Enter or Esc.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
You will have a bunch of lines on your screen

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Circle
With Center and Radius
Steps:
֍ Step 1: Begin the Circle command via any of the preceding methods
(typing, cascading menus, toolbar icons, and the Ribbon)
• AutoCAD says: Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:
֍ Step 2: Using the mouse, left-click anywhere on the screen and move the mouse out away from that point.
• AutoCAD says: Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] <1.9801>:
֍ Step 3. Left-click to finish the circle command.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Repeat Steps 1 through 3 several times, and your screen should look like

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
With Ribbon and Cascading Menus
With Ribbon With Cascading Menu

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Arc
Steps:
֍ Step 1: Begin the Arc command via any of the preceding methods
(typing, cascading menus, toolbar icons, and the Ribbon)
• AutoCAD says: Specify start point of arc or [Center]:
֍ Step 2: Left-click with the mouse anywhere on the screen. This is the first of three points necessary for
the arc.
• AutoCAD says: Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]:
֍ Step 3. Click somewhere else on the screen to place the second point.
• AutoCAD says: Specify end point of arc:
֍ Step 4. Left-click a third (final) time, somewhere else on the screen, to finish the arc.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Repeat Steps 1 through 4 several times, and your screen should look like

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Rectangle
Steps:
֍ Step 1: Begin the Rectangle command via any of the preceding methods
(typing, cascading menus, toolbar icons, and the Ribbon)
• AutoCAD says: Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
֍ Step 2: Left-click, and move the mouse diagonally somewhere else on the screen.
• AutoCAD says: specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:
֍ Step 3. Left-click one more time to finish the command.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
With Ribbon and Cascading Menus
With Ribbon With Cascading Menu

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Your screen should look like

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View Objects: Commands
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Zoom
Put your finger on the mouse wheel and turn it back and forth without pressing down. The drawing you
created gets smaller (roll back) or larger (roll forward) on the screen.
Pan
Put your finger on the mouse wheel, but this time press and hold. A hand symbol appears. Now move the
mouse around while keeping the wheel depressed. You are able to pan around your drawing.
Regen
This is the easiest command you will learn. Just type in regen and press Enter.
Pan
Zoom to Extents Zoom a portion

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Edit/Modify Objects: Commands
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Erase
Steps:
֍ Step 1: Draw something and begin the command via any of the preceding methods
• AutoCAD says: Select Objects:
֍ Step 2: Select the object by taking the mouse, positioning it over that object and left-
clicking once
• AutoCAD says: Select Objects: 1 found
֍ Step 3. Press Enter and the object disappears.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Move
Steps:
֍ Step 1: Draw a circle and begin the command via any of the preceding methods
• AutoCAD says: Select Objects:
֍ Step 2: Select the object by taking the mouse, positioning it over circle and left-clicking once
• AutoCAD says: Select Objects: 1 found (circle becomes faded)
• AutoCAD then asks you again: Select objects:
֍ Step 3. Unless you have more than one circle to move, you are done, so press Enter.
֍ Step 4: Left-click anywhere on or near the circle to “pick it up”; this is where you are moving it from.
• AutoCAD says: Specify second point or < use first point as displacement>:
֍ Step 5: Move the mouse somewhere else on the screen and left-click to place the circle in the new
location.

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Continued….
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
Similarly the steps for:
֍ Copy
֍ Rotate
֍ Scale
֍ Trim
֍ Extend
֍ Offset
֍ Mirror
֍ Fillet
Are given in the text book
Here: we covered the basic commands.

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Selection Methods
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
There are two methods of selecting objects:
Crossing: A crossing appears when you single-click and move to the left of an imaginary vertical line (up or down) and
is a dashed green-shaded rectangle. Any object it touches or is inside of it gets selected.
Window: A window appears when you single-click and move to the right of an imaginary vertical line (up or down)
and is a solid blue-shaded rectangle. Any object falling completely inside it is selected

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Accuracy Methods
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I
There are two methods of for accurate drawings:
Ortho (F8): Ortho stands for orthographic which perfectly makes the drawing accurate and straight, just press F8.
OSNAPs: Straight lines are connected to each other in very precise way that have distinct locations and hence more
errors. There are various methods by point using OSNAPs technique:

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OSNAP Drafting Setting
Chapter-1: Fundamentals-I

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Next Lecture
Majid Next (Lecture-2)
AutoCAD Fundamentals-II
2.1
Grips, Units, Coordinates, Data Entry
2.2
Inquiry Commands
2.3
AutoCAD