2. I-Integration,Use of multiple methods to
control pest.
P-Pest, Any organism i.e. detrimental to
humans,
M-Manegement,refers to a set of decision or
rules based on ecological
principles, economic and
social consideration.
.The Backbone of management of pest in an
agricultural system is the concept of
Economic injury level.
3. NEED OF PEST MANAGMENT
1.Development of resistance in insects against
insecticides.eg.-Helicoverpa armigera{against OP $
S.Pyretheroids}
2.Outbreak of secondary pests.
3.Resurgence of target pest.eg.-BPH of rice increased
when some OP chemicals are applied.
4.When no. of application increases, profit decreases.
5.Environmental contaminatiom and natural enemies.
6.Human and animal health hazards.
4. Stages in crop protection
leading to IPM
1.Subsistance Phase- only natural control
2.Exploitation Phase- more pesticide for more yields
3.Crisis Phase- Pest resurgence, pest resistance,
high production cost, 2ndry pest
outbreak
4.Disaster Phase-no profit,residual in soil collapse
of control system
5.Itegrated Pest Management Phase- ecofriendly method
-Combination of the resources,
-Analysis of eco-factors,
-Optimization of techniques,
-Recognisation or restoring the pest
at manageable level
5. Concepts of IPM
1. Understanding the Agricultural Ecosystem,
2. Planning of agricultural ecosystem,
3. Cost benefit ratio,
4. Tolerence of pest damage,
5. Leaving of pest residues,
6. Timing of treatments,
7. Public understanding and sustainable.
6. Objective of Pest Management
1. To reduce pest status below ETL, Complete
elimination is not objective,
2. To manage insects not only killing them but
preventing feeding, multiplication and
dispersal,
3. To use eco friendly methods, which will maintain
quality of environment,
4. To make maximum use of natural mortality
factors, control measures only when needed,
5. To use component in sustainable agriculture.
7. Tools or Component of IPM
1. Pest Surveillance
2. Cultural methods
3. Host Plant Resistance
4. Mechanical methods
5. Physical methods
6. Biological methods
7. Chemical methods
8. Behavioural methods
9. Genetic/Biotechnological methods
10. Regulatory/Legal methods.
The End
