Defining horticulture its uses and advantages

1. WELCOME
Importance of Horticulture

2. Some Facts
• Theworld’spopulationisexpectedtohit9billionpeopleby2050
• UNwarnsworldmustproduce60%morefoodby2050toavoidmassunrest
• TheFAOestimates,however,that842millionpeopleintheworldwillremain
undernourished, with nearly two thirds of them living in the Asia-Pacific.
Oneinfourchildrenundertheageoffivewillremainstunted.
• Thenthequestionariseswhatisfoodsecurity?Andwhereisthesolution?

3. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food
preferencesforanactiveandhealthylife.
Malnutrition is the condition that occurs when
your body does not get enough nutrients

4. Facts about Malnutrition in India
• Over 900 million people in the world are undernourished
• Malnutrition responsible for 3.5 million deaths each year
• Every 3 seconds a person dies from malnutrition
• 42 Percent Indian Population mostly women and children
are malnourished
• The worst performing states are Madhya Pradesh (60%),
Jharkhand (56.5 %) and Bihar (55.9 %)

5. • 250,000 to 500,000 children lose their sight
every year due to Vitamin A deficiency
• Over half the world’s population suffers from
iron deficiency, which reduces their productivity
and school performance
• Vitamin C deficiency compromises immunity
and results in poor wound healing
• Malnutrition suppresses the immune system and
contributes to half of all childhood deaths

6. Children’s Nutritional Status
Varies by State
20
20
22 23
25 25 25 26 26
30
33 33
36 37 37 38 38 39 40 40 40 41 42 43
45
47
49
56
57
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
SK
MZ
MN
KE
PJ
GA
NA
JK
DL
TN
AP
AR
AS
HP
MH
KA
UT
WB
HR
TR
RJ
OR
UP
IN
GJ
CH
MG
BH
JH
MP
Children under age 5 years who are underweight (%)

7. Deeper Issues
If we look deeper into the issues, we know that, according to India’s most
recent government data nearly half (46 percent) of Indian children below
threeyearsofageareunderweight,and38percentarestunted.
This has alarming implications for a country that will soon boast the
world’s largest workforce; the last thing that India needs is a workforce
that is incapable of contributing to and benefiting from India’s growth
becausewefailedtoinvestinthemearlyenoughandwellenough.

8. How horticulture can solve the
problem of malnutrition
Due to rich content of vitamins, fibers, minerals and anti-
oxidants, horticultural produce holds great nutritional
significance. Horticulture alone can solve the malnutrition,
under nutrition and hidden hunger problems of India.
Prof. M.S. Swaminathan

9. Role of horticultural crops in human nutrition
• From human nutrition point of view horticulture is most
important to our daily living.
• Many of the horticulture crops and their products find place in
our meals and diet.
• Human body requires vitamins, minerals, proteins, energy etc. for
its health. All these are supplied by horticultural crops.
• Fruits and vegetables are the chief sources of vitamins, minerals,
carbohydrates, fats, proteins etc.
• Fruits and vegetables are recognized as protective foods as they
are necessary for the maintenance of human health.

10. Vitamins
• These are the important constituents
of fruits and vegetables and are
indispensable part of human diet.
Although required in very minute
quantities, they are absolutely essential
for the maintenance of health.
• The deficiency of any vitamin from the
diet for considerable period may lead to
diseased state or disorder conditions.

11. Fruits supply several vitamins
• Vitamin-A: It is essential for normal growth, reproduction and
maintenance of health and vigour. It affords protection against cold
and influenza and prevents night blindness. The deficiency of this
vitamin results in cessation of growth in young children, night
blindness, drying up of tear glands in the eyes, eruption of skin and
brittleness of the teeth
Sources: Fruits-Mango, Papaya, Dates, Jackfruit, Walnut etc.
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamine): Tones the nervous system and helps in
proper functioning of the digestive tract. Its deficiency in human diet
results in ―Ber-beri‖, paralysis, loss of sensitivity of skin,
enlargement of heart, loss of appetite ,loss of weight and fall in body
temperature.
Sources: Fruits- Orange, pineapple, jack fruit, cashew nut, walnut,
dry apricot, almond, banana etc.

12. Cont..
• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin): This vitamin is required for body
growth and health of the skin. The deficiency of this vitamin
causes sore throat, anorexia cataract, and loss of appetite and
body weight and also development of swollen nose.
Sources:Bael, papaya, litchi, banana, apricot, pomegranate,
pear etc.
• Vitamin -C (Ascorbic Acid): This vitamin promotes general
health and healthy gums, prevents scurvy disease which is
characterized by pain in the joints and swelling of limbs
(rheumatism), bleeding of gums, tooth decay and keeps the
blood vessels in good condition.
Sources: Fruits: Amla, guava, ber, citrus, strawberry, pineapple
etc.

13. Minerals: Human body requires minerals like P, Ca, Iron, and Iodine etc. for
maintaining good health
• Calcium: It is essential for development of bones regulation of heartbeat, controlling
blood clots
Sources: Fruits- Acid lime, Orange, Fig, Dried apricots, wood apple etc.
• Iron: It is required for production of haemoglobin and it is constituent of red blood
corpuscles. Its deficiency causes anaemia, smooth tongue, pale lips, eyes and skin and
frequent exhaustion.
Sources: Fruits- Custard apple, Guava, Pineapple, Straw berry, Grape, dried dates etc
• Phosphorous: It is essential for maintaining the moisture content of tissues and for
development of bones.
Sources: Fruits-Guava, Grape, Jackfruit, Passion fruit
• Proteins: These are bodybuilding foods. These are essential for growth of the body. The
deficiency of proteins in the body causes retarded growth and increases susceptibility to
diseases and causes lethargy.
Sources: Fruits- Most of the fruits are low in proteins except Guava and Banana.

14. • Enzymes: These are required for controlling several metabolic
activities in the body.
Sources: Papaya-Papain and Pineapple-Bromelin
• Fibre and roughages (Cellulose and pectin): Fruits and vegetables
supply roughages These are required for digestion and prevention
of constipation.
Sources: Fruits contain low content of fibre. Guava and anola are
better sources compared to other fruits
• Energy foods: Fruits and vegetables contain Carbohydrates and
fats there by supply energy to human body. Those fruits (Banana,
Dates, Apple etc.) which contain Carbohydrates, are called as
―energy Foods.
Nut fruits like Walnut, Cashew nut and almond etc supplies
proteins besides energy

15. More Importance of Horticulture
• Horticulture is also
important for 3
reasons….
– Economic
– Aesthetic
– Environmental

16. Economic Importance
• Horticulture puts over millions of rupees a
year into the Indian economy by….
– Providing jobs.
– Producing food.
• Fruits.
• Vegetables.
• Nuts.
– Increasing home value through
landscaping.

17. Aesthetic Importance
• Aesthetic = Appearance
• Improves appearance of homes & buildings through
landscaping.
• Improves appearance of land from fruit, vegetable, and
ornamental crops grown.

18. Environmental Appearance
• Provides health &
comfort by….
– Cleaning the air.
– Preventing erosion.
– Providing shade.
– Providing nutrition.

19. Other Importance of Horticulture
 Per Unit Area Yield is High:
As compared to the field crops per hectare yield of horticulture crops is
very high.
From an fruit area of land more yield is obtained e.g. paddy gives a maximum
yield of only 30 q/ha, while Banana gives 300 to 500 q/ha, Pine apple 450 q/ha
and Grapes 90 - 150 q/ha. In present shortage of food and scarcity of land by
growing fruits more food can be produced.
 High Returns per Unit Area:
From one unit area of land more income will be obtained e.g. Well kept
orchard of apple, grapes and sweet orange can give as much as Rs. 250,000
per ha as net income.
 A Free Grower/Labour Remains Engaged for the Whole:
An opportunity for maintaining labours throughout the year like the
cereals where one cannot keep him self and employ the labours during the
slack season

20.  Best Utilization of Waste Land:
According to estimates, there is more than 200 million hectares of wasteland in India
which can be brought under cultivation. This move, if implemented, will help the country in
a big way to tackle the nutritional crisis. Some fruit crops can offer best utilization of waste
land crops like wood apple, custard apple, karonda, litchi etc. can be grown in such areas.
 Food energy:
To meet the annual calories requirements of food per year one would have to cultivate
about 0.44 ha of wheat or 0.03 ha of banana or 0.06 ha of mango for satisfying once need.
Thus mango produces about 9 times more food energy than the wheat produced per unit
area.
 Raw Material for Industries:
Fruit farming is the base for several industries like canning, essential oils etc which in turn
provide work for more people.
 Use of Undulating Lands:
Fruit growing can be practiced in places where the gradient is uneven or where the land is
undulating and agronomical crops cannot be cultivated. In Konkan region, mango and
cashew are cultivated on large scales on hilly and hill back area.

21. More facts
• A Prominent Segment under Agriculture Sector and the fastest growing
sector
• Considerable attention in the 12th Five Year Plan
• Horticulture exports has helped the country to earn Rs 14,000 crore in
2011-12.

22. Policy makers opinion
• Former Union agriculture minister Sharad Pawar has said
that the union government will divert its focus from foodgrain
production to horticulture as farmers in India have produced
more than enough food grains to ensure food security.
• Current Union agriculture minister said "Farmers in our
country have worked hard and as a result all government
godowns are overflowing. In fact now the government has no
space to store food grains. Last year India has exported 40
lakh tonne rice, 30 lakh tonne sugar and 25 lakh tonne wheat
to other countries. And still we have sufficient food grains in
stock".

23. Definition of Horticulture
• Word first used in 1600’s
• Comes from two Latin words
– Hortus “Garden”
– Cultura “Cultivation”
• Horticulture means “cultivated garden” or “culture of
garden plants”.
But, modern horticulture may be defined as a part of agricultural
science, which deals with the production, utilization, and
improvement of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamentals, plantation
crops, medicinal and aromatic plants etc.

24. Horticulture:
Science or Art?
Known as applied botany because….
• Takes principles of botany such as morphology,
anatomy, and physiology and applies them to
the growing of crops.
Also uses other sciences such as….
• Chemistry, biochemistry, mathematics, and
genetics.

25. But horticulture is also a art form.
Art forms in horticulture
• Grafting
• Floral Design
• Landscape Design
Hence, Horticulture is an applied science and an
art form.

26. Diversity in Horticulture
Fruit
Spices
Medicinal &
Aromatic Plants
Vegetables
Flowers
Coconut Cocoa

27. Divisions of Horticulture
Pomology: Derived from two Latin words
Pomum “fruit”
Logos “study”
Pomology means “Study or cultivation of fruit
crops”.
Example: Mango, Apple, Guava etc.

28. Olericulture: Derived from two Latin words
Oleris “Potherb”
Cultura “Cultivation”
Olericulture literally means potherb cultivation. In the
modern day it is broadly used to indicate the
cultivation of vegetables.
Example: Potato, Okra, Carrot, Radish etc.

29. Floriculture: Derived from two words
Florus “flower”
Cultura “Cultivation”
So Floriculture means “Study or cultivation of flower
crops”.
Example: Rose, Jasmine, Marigold etc.

30. Arboriculture:Thisbranchdealswiththeraisingofperennialtreesmeant
forshade,avenueorornamentalpurposes.
Example:Polyalthia,Spathodea,Cassia,Gulmoharetc
Plantation crops: Are those crops, which are cultivated in an extensive scale
in large contiguous areas, owned and managed by an individual or a
companyandwhoseproduceisutilizedonlyafterprocessing.
Eg.Coffee,Tea,Rubber,Coconut,Cocoaetc.

31. • Spices: Are those plants the products of which
are made use of as food adjuncts to add aroma
and flavour.
Example: Pepper, Cardamom, Clove, Cinnamon,
etc.
• Condiments: Are those plants the products of
which are made use of as food adjuncts to add
taste only.
Example: Turmeric, Ginger, Red chillies, Garlic
etc

32. • Landscape Gardening: Landscape gardening
deals with landscape architecture and such plant
materials as are essential to landscape development.
In the practical sense, the identification of plants,
planning, planting and maintenance of home
grounds, city and rural parks, school grounds,
municipal estates are phases of landscape gardening.
• Fruit technology: It deals with the processing and
preservation of produce of horticulture crops.

33. AREA AND PRODUCTION OF
FRUIT CROPS

34. SNAPSHOT OF HORTICULTURE
• India is the second largest producer of fruits and
vegetables in the world.
• Horticulture accounts for 30% of India’s agricultural GDP from
8.5% of the cropped area.
• India’s major exports include onion, mango pulp, fresh
mangoes, dried walnuts, fresh grapes.
• India’s biggest export markets are South Asian & Middle east
Countries.
• India’s share in the global market is insignificant – it accounts
for 1.7% of the global trade in vegetables and 0.5% in fruits
34D/o Agriculture & Cooperation, GOI

41. Thank you
Every single one of you has something you’re good at.
Every single one of you has something to offer. And you
have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.
That’s the opportunity an education can provide.