THIS IS THE SEMINAR DONE ON THE 3D MODELING CONSTRUCTION USING BIM AND ITS APPLICABILITY IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

1. 3D MODELING IN CONSTRUCTION USING BUILDING INFORMATION
MODELING
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mr G A SATISH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
PRESENTED BY
R MAHIMA SHARADA 1VI15CV020

2. Contents:
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• 3D Modeling process
• Implementation
• Conclusion
• References

3. ABSTRACT
• 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical representation of any surface of an object in three
dimensions via specialized software. The product is called a 3D model.
• Using 3D building models is extremely helpful throughout the architecture engineering and construction (AEC) lifecycle.
Such models coupled with virtual walk through can enable customers to decide and be satisfied with their dream building.
• This seminar introduces and reviews a mechanism for applying interior and exterior design constructs after the conversion
of 2D drawings into 3D Building Information Model (BIM) using BIM software
• BIM software incorporates an object orientated modeling concept where building elements are represented in 3D with rich
semantic objects and attributes containing information about each building element.
• Revit the latest innovation in BIM which is taking an already impressive piece of programming to the next level with a new
array of features and capabilities. Revit has changed the architecture design, drafting and modeling processes by
accomplishing substantial improvements in precision and efficiency.
• With Revit software, architectural designers can now rapidly sketch out rough layouts of a floor plan, or make changes to
the standard set of building designs and instantly let their customers preview their future homes.

4. INTRODUCTION
Definition:
• 3D modeling can be simply defined as the process of creating a three-dimensional digital visual representation of an actual object using
specialized computer software.
• Building Information Modeling is an intelligent 3D model-based process that provides architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC)
professionals the insight and tools to more effectively plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure.
History:
• 3D Modeling was developed for the first time in the 1960s by the creator of Sketchpad, Ivan Sutherland.
• Vectorworks was one of the first to introduce BIM capabilities.
General:
• 3-D modeling is the use of software to create a virtual three-dimensional model of some physical object.
• Building information models (BIMs) are files (often but not always in proprietary formats and containing proprietary data) which can be
extracted, exchanged or networked to support decision-making regarding a building or other built asset.
• 3D modeling in construction, by putting all the pieces together, provides a real view of the finished project. 3D modelling brings a project
to life without even moving a single speck of dust.
• 3D modeling in construction results in better designing and material utilization. 3D models can be rotated for different perspectives and
gather additional views. This all can be achieved by the use of 3D modeling software called REVIT which speeds up the process and

5. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Build-IT - An Interactive Web Application for 3D Construction, Interior & Exterior design by Renien Joseph & Udayangi Perera:
This project introduces and reviews a mechanism for applying interior and exterior design constructs after the conversion of 2D drawings into 3D
Building Information Model (BIM).This research demonstrates an automated 3D model reconstruction of real world object from an un-calibrated
image sequence targeting the same scene; which can be used for interior and exterior design. This module will help to create a 2D architectural drawing
and automatically converts to 3D architectural drawing. This is where the project Build-IT attempts to be developed with unique features to solve the
above critical problems. Build-IT framework is a user friendly 3D visualizer and 3D editor which help to design the users dream building without
needless expenses and in a short time period. The 3D editor will use mathematical techniques to convert the 2D structural sketches to 3D models
specially using BIM software.
2. BIM Standard in Off-Site Construction by Nawari O. Nawari :
Building Construction is known among the most complex of all undertakings. This study reviews the importance of BIM standard in off-site
construction and its role in data exchanges. It describes exchanges for the complete cycle of information sharing between all parties to the process and
outlines many directions in which further development is required. The paper focuses on the IDM development and addresses progresses and needs to
advance BIM standard in off-site construction. The development of IDM for off-site construction begins with definitions of data exchange functional
requirements and workflow scenarios for exchanges between architects, engineers, manufacturers, erectors, and general contractors. The definitions of
workflows in this IDM are tied into an overall process, as a typical illustrative schedule, not as a prescriptive process. It is laid out to provide a
structure for addressing different off-site construction case exchanges. BIM standard in off-site construction will facilitate more reliable information
exchange between project participants, improve information quality, and improve decision making more effectively.

6. 3. Photo based 3D modelling of Construction Resouces for Visualisation of Operations : Simulation case of Modeling Precast Facade by Fei Dai & Ming
Lu :
In this paper, algorithms of Photogrammatery is been computed and application of modeling was present to produce a model of Facade in 3D based on Digital
pictures taken at a building site. 3D Modeling of components have been largely created by Computer Aided Design(CAD) or by proprietary code for virtual reality
development. In general, such 3D modeling methods entail accurate geometric definition but prove to be time consuming and expensive. Unlike CAD modeling,
the surveying technique of Photogrammetry takes a completely different approach by deriving metric information about an object through measurements conducted
on photos of the objects. The resultant 3D models may well satisfy application needs in construction simulation visualisation in 3D. In this study 3D Facade model
was found to be acceptable and Realistic for being incorporated into a 3D animation of the Facade installation operations simulation.
4. Innovative Approach to the Substation Design using Building Information Modeling (BIM) Technology by Mario Kokorus & Wolfgang Eyrich:
The rising power demand, on aging infrastructure, causes more and more issues, right up to blackouts. There is a national need for grid rebuilding of the power
network over the next decade. The fact that large number of power engineers will be required in the next years, forces the power industries to look for efficient
design solutions. For this reason, it is important to achieve shortened project time, costs reduction, efficiency and accuracy, in substation design. Software which
fulfills these requirements, using Building Information Modeling (BIM), is described in this paper. This technology provides planning, designing, building and
managing 2D or 3D models, having the intelligence, geometry and data utilizing contained elements.REVIT has proved to be a very useful tool for substation
design. The software provides engineering access. BIM process, which is the base of the software, is the most effective new approach in the world of design and
provides solutions for plenty of issues that engineers deal with on each project, everyday. Substation design time is reduced considerably and the design process is
simplified and logical.

7. Summary of Literature:
From the above literature papers we can summarize that the adoption of 3D modeling in construction process not only speeds
up the design process but also enables architects and designers play around with different ideas and identify potential design
problems before they become actual issues.
3D modeling in construction, by putting all the pieces together, provides a real view of the finished project. 3D modelling
brings a project to life without even moving a single speck of dust. 3D model enables the client to get a feel of how things are
laid out.
This all can be achieved by the use of 3D modeling software called REVIT which speeds up the process and saves time. The
advantages of 3D modeling software includes checking the errors ,having virtual tours through walkthroughs, getting
renderings and customized interiors and achieving all this in lesser cost and saving the time.

8. 3D MODELING PROCESS
• BIM or 3D modeling is changing the construction process of entire construction field. 3D Modeling is enabling the
architects and designers to be more creative and experimental.
• 3D MODELS ARE MAINLY CREATED BY USING THE BIM PROCESSING SOFTWARE (REVIT).
BIM(BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING):
B for Building-
Building Information Modeling has been part of the construction industry for some time now. It is the process of designing a
building collaboratively using one coherent system of computer models rather than as separate sets of drawings.
I for Information-
Information is the heart of Building Information Modeling. BIM changes the way information regarding the entire life cycle of
a project and its parts is managed and exchanged.
M for Modeling-
The M in Building Information Modeling stands for Model and Management. Using Building Information Modeling, not only
a simplified version of an object, structure, building or construction is modelled, but also the process of construction is
organized and controlled more effectively.

9. Elements of BIM:
Building Information Modeling refers to a collaborative method of working which is based on the generation and exchange of data and
information between the various project parties. For effective functioning, BIM requires integration of the following five elements: Processes,
Policies, People, Information and Technologies
• Processes refer to the specific order of work activities with a beginning, an end, and a clear identification of the inputs and outputs of each stage.
• Policies refer to the principles and rules to guide the decision-making process. Policies are framed to develop standards and best practices to
minimize disputes between the parties involved.
• People make the difference and therefore are the most important. Effective management by people can only lead to successful BIM. Important
people in Building Information Modeling usually include: BIM director, BIM manager, BIM consultant, BIM technologist.
• Information: There are two types of information: models and documents. Models are digital data that are the representation, reproduction, or
simplified version of an object, road, bridge, building etc. They are stored in a file format and can be exchanged and shared to support the
decision-making process for the construction of the infrastructure, buildings etc. Documents are the digital version of papers, drawings, prints,
images and video.
• Technologies refer to the software and hardware tools used to manage the various stages of the Building Information Modeling process and is

10. How a BIM works in construction field?
• BIM is a part of construction industry which is a intelligent model based process helping in Designing, building and
managing buildings and infrastructure.
• It connects AEC professionals in more efficient designing to build and operate a Infrastructure through BIM.
Fig: Connecting AEC professionals together

11. • It is a more than just a 2D or 3D modeling. It is the process of Designing a building collaboratively using one coherent
system of computer models rather than a separate sets of drawings.
• If the model element is changed, then BIM coordinates the changes in all views that display that element. Architects,
Contractors and Structural Engineers can work more collaboratively by accessing and updating the design.
Fig: Designed 3D model and the work carried out accordingly in the field
Fig: Calculating the no of columns and slabs

12. • The information is captured in the model and remains there more consistent and coordinated. Information is the heart of
Building Information Modeling, at any point in the life cycle of a project the information is there that helps to reduce the time.
consuming errors.
• The information can be accessed by project holders from anywhere. BIM helps everyone working on a project to coordinate
seamlessly and keep every object member on the same page. The information in the model can be used to improve the interior
and exterior design before it is built.
Fig: 3D model created & A virtual walkthrough created
Fig: Analysis carried out

13. • Realistic Visualization or Walk Through can get the immediate approvals of the project and Buy-ins.
• BIM provides insights into a designs constructability, reduces errors, improves efficiency and effectiveness of the
construction phase. It helps provide a better understanding of the future operations and maintainence of a building.
• It can help owners in Predictive Maintainence, Asset tracking , Facilities management for future changes and renovation
work. BIM does not solely refer to buildings but connects all sectors like Architecture, Roads and Topography.

14. Advantages of BIM:
• It provides Better Collaboration and Communication.
• Model-Based Cost Estimation can be done effectively.
• Preconstruction Project Visualization can be carried out.
• It Improves Coordination and avoids Clash Detection.
• It Reduces Cost and Mitigated Risk.
• It Improves Scheduling/Sequencing.
• It provides increased Productivity and Prefabrication .
• It gives a Stronger Facility Management and Building Handover.
• Better Builds & Safer Construction Sites.
Disadvantages of BIM:
• It causes Incompatibility with partners
• Cost of software is very high
• Lack of experts, it requires professionals to work and
operate with the software.
• Legal issues

15. How a 3D model is created using a BIM Software REVIT?
• Modeling is an activity opr process in which the models are careated to describe how buildings, houses or any other
construction work in real field and their representation. A model is a physical representation of an project.
• Revit is software for BIM. Its powerful tools let us use the intelligent model-based process to plan, design, construct, and
manage buildings and infrastructure. Revit supports a multidiscipline design process for collaborative design.
The 6 key steps involved in creating a 3D model in software are:
• PLAN: To create a Simple residential building. In the revit software click on the New family to start the drawing of 3D
model in the sheet.
• TEMPLATE: After choosing the New family click on the architectural template to choose the required template for
designing a Residential building. Indian Generic template must be selected in order to carry out the entire modeling process
with specific dimensions.
• REFERENCE PLANS: For adding reference plans click WT for getting Window tiles.and then Zoom in to draw the model.
After entering the Drawing sheet set the units as per the requirement such as mm/ cm/ feets and inches.
Fig: Setting out the Template Fig: Reference plan created

16. • PARAMETERS: The dimension and parameter constraint must be added by selecting the Linear dimension which measures
the distance. For this go to Parameter Properties.After the complete drawing of building the parameters like doors, windows
openings and other constraints like Roofing, flooring and ceiling must be provided.
• GEOMETRY: Adjust the Geometry of a Building if there any changes in the dimension and lock it.
• 3D MODELING VIEW and RENDERING: For viewing the 3D model of the created building click on the 3D rendered
view icon in the Tool bar and later on the perspective projections of the building on all the sides(top, bottom, right, left) can
be viewed.
Rendering is the process of adjusting the exposure conditions of a building in the 3D model. For carrying out the Rendering
action in REVIT type RR and adjust the Exposure conditions like Internal due to architecture lightings, External due to exposure
of a building to the sun or Due to both to Medium or Draft scale.
Fig: Wall estimation Fig: Parameters Insertion

17. Fig: 3D model created Fig: Rendered View

18. Advantages of 3D modeling:
• Work Efficiently and Save Time
Unlike 2D designs wherein there is no need to spend plenty of time making sure that the elevation, section and plan all agree,
designers can easily use 2D information from a completed model and still have time to work on the design process. Using a 3D
CAD software, each component of a structure can be checked, tested, analysed, and changed.
• Execute Control and Accuracy
One major advantage of 3D modelling is the designer’s ability to maintain accuracy. Each component of a product, building or
machine can be measured and analysed separately. The use of a 3D model can make the designing process even more accurate.
With it, there can be complete control over designs since it is able to zoom, pan and rotate 3D models or camera views
simultaneously. With increased control comes effectivity.
• Avoid Costly Mistakes
3D modelling solutions gives the ability to check any flaw on the 3D model before finalizing them. The view of the entire
building can be done before the actual product is created and then remedy component issues before completing the final output.
This saves time, money and resources.
• Keep Clients Happy
Nothing makes clients happy than showing them a virtual tour of their ideal house/office. With 3D model, they can see the
interactive visual product before the actual structure is created.
Designers can definitely benefit from 3D modelling since they can offer clients more customized building designs. 3D
components can be altered easily and changes can be made without cost and will therefore increase profit.
Disadvantages of 3D Modeling
• 3D models is that it provides a superior level of detail tied to mathematics; in comparison of a real model that does not have that
level so developed.
• In contrast, the 3D modeling software is very expensive for most people and requires skilled persons.

19. IMPLEMENTATION
1. Baku National Stadium in South East Asia:
Software company Tekla used BIM software to complete advanced modeling of the massive stadium, ultimately allowing the
coordination of 4,500 workers at the project’s peak. The construction teams pulled off in Azerbaijan in 2015, building the
Baku National Stadium with the help of BIM. The retractable-roof stadium meets international standards set by UEFA and
FIFA, and is the largest stadium in the South East Asia.
2. Istanbul New Airport in Turkey:
The Istanbul New Airport is a megaproject under construction in Turkey’s largest city. BIM has been heavily involved in this
project, which includes a 90-meter tower.
Fig: Baku National Stadium
Fig: Istanbul airport

20. CONCLUSION
• Building Information Modeling (BIM) along with a 3D model is emerging as an innovative way to manage projects.
• 3D modelling brings a project to life without even moving a single speck of dust. 3D model enables the client to get a feel of
how things are laid out. They can walk through the entry of Future home, reach the lobby and even can visualize the
situations of an area. They can see all this even before a brick has been laid out.
• The advantages of 3D modeling software includes checking the errors ,having virtual tours through walkthroughs, getting
renderings and customized interiors and achieving all this in lesser cost and saving the time.
• 3D model also guides the structural engineer to work on the design of building elements, which helps in getting the output
as per the dream of client.
• 3D Modeling using BIM software gives a clear picture of the cost of the project(in lumpsome), quantity and quality of
materials that has to be used for different parts of building.
• 3D modeling in construction results in better designing and material utilization. 3D models can be rotated for different
perspectives and gather additional views. This all can be achieved by the use of 3D modeling software called REVIT which
speeds up the process and saves time.
• Revit and other applications made for BIM help designers design, simulate, visualize and collaborate in order to capitalize
on the advantages of the interconnected data within a BIM mode.

21. REFERENCES
• BIM: an integrated model for planned and preventive maintenance of architectural heritage L. Fregonesea , C. Achillea
Department of Architecture, Building and Construction engineering di Milano, Milano, Italy.
• Application of BIM Technology in the Construction Management of Shield Tunnel by Peng Zhi, Tianyun Shi, Wanqi Wang
and Huilin Wang Institute of Computing Technology China Academy of Railway Sciences paper of 2018 4th IEEE
International Conference on Information Management.
• Build-IT - An Interactive Web Application for 3D Construction, Interior & Exterior Design Renien Joseph Department of
Computing Informatics Institute of technology in affiliation with University of Westminster paper of 2014 Fifth International
Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation.
• Photo based 3D modelling of Construction Resouces for Visualisation of Operations : Simulation case of Modeling Precast
Facade by Fei Dai & Ming Lu.

22. THANK YOU