In the infancy period, infants have physical, social and emotional, and moral development. Out of that development, in this presentation physical development is discussed.

1. S. Maheswari
Section: B
Roll. No: 62
V.O.C College of Education.

2. INFANCY

3. Physical Development
Brain Development
Sensory Development
Motor Development
Daily Activities
Language Development

4. Age
(months)
Development
BIRTH WEIGHT
4 to 6 Double
12 Triple
Age (months) Development
GROWTH
(INCHES)
Two times longer
than at birth by the
time by 10 to 12
months old
Grow about 1 to 1
½ inches each
month
Every month for the
first 6 month
Head will grow
about a ½ inch
Head will continue to look large
compared to the rest of his body. But,
with time his body’s growth catches up.
Age (months) Development
TEETH
4 ot 6 2 lower centre teeth
7 Upper centre teeth
9 to 11 Upper and lower
side teeth
End of 1st year 6 to 8 teeth

5. Physical activities of an infant
0-6 months 7-12 months
⁎ Startles to loud sounds
⁎ Visually follows a moving object from side
to side
⁎ Visually follows a moving object from up
and down
⁎ Reacts to pain by crying
⁎ Withdraws or reacts with surprise when in
contact with something cold
⁎ Reacts with pleasure/smile or relaxed
expression when he/she tastes something
delicious
⁎ Reacts by making a face/frowns/grimaces
when he/she tastes something he/she does
not like
⁎ Reacts with pleasure when he/she smells
something nice
⁎ React by making a face when he/she smells
something fouls

6. Brain Development
At birth, the newborn’s brain is about 25% of its adult weight.
Shortly after birth, a baby’s brain produces trillions more
connections between neurons than it can possibly use.
The brain eliminates connections that are seldom or never used.
The infant’s brain is literally waiting for experiences to
determine how connections are made.

7. Sensory Development
The newborn senses the world into which he/she is
born through his/her senses of vision, hearing, touch,
taste and smell.
As he/she advances physically his/her sensory and
perceptual ability also develop.

8. The newborn’s vision is about
10 to 30 times lower than
normal adult vision. Newborns
can detect light and dark but
cannot see all colours.
By 6 month of age, vision
becomes better and by the first
birthday, the infant’s vision
approximates that of an adult.
Infants preferred to look at
patterns such as faces and
concentric circles rather than
at colour or brightness.
Among the first few things
that babies learn to recognize
is their mother’s face as they
feed and nurse them
Hearing is fully developed in
newborns. The sense of
hearing in an infant develops
much before the birth of the
baby.
When in the womb, the baby
hears his/her mother’s
heartbeats, the grumbling of
his/her stomach, the mother’s
voice and music. Babies with
normal hearing should startle
in response to loud sounds,
pay quiet attention to the
mother's voice, and briefly
stop moving when sound at a
conversational level is
begun.
The brain's olfactory (smell)
centre forms very early in
fetal development. Studies
have found that newborns
have a keen sense of smell.
Within the first few days
they will show a preference
for the smell of their own
mother, especially to her
breast milk.

9. At 1 month, baby's hands are
closed most of the time. But
when they're open, they'll
enjoy grasping finger if
anyone touch their palm.
Later, babies enjoy the feel
of touch as we handle them.
They begins to respond. By
the time of one year old,
babies start exploring all
sorts of textures – hard, soft,
cold, wet, sticky, and
squishy. They won’t
investigate objects so much
with mouth and is much
more able to use hands to
touch and play with objects.
Taste buds begin to
form early in fetal
development. It is
known that babies
prefer sweet tastes over
sour or bitter tastes.
Babies also show a
strong preference for
breast milk and
breastfeeding,
especially if they are
breastfed and then
offered bottle milk.

10. MOTOR SKILL
GROSS
MOTOR SKILL
FINE MOTOR
SKILL

11. A motor skill is a function, which involves the
precise movement of muscles with the intent to
perform a specific act.
Motor skill

12. Motor Reflexes
Along this aspect of motor development, infants begin form reflexes, to gross
motor skills and fine motor skills
The newborn has some basic reflexes which are, of course automatic, and serve as
survival mechanism before they have the opportunity to learn. Many reflexes which are
present at birth which generally subside within a few months as the baby matures and
grows.
COMMON REFLEXES:
⁎ Sucking Reflex
⁎ Rooting Reflex
⁎ Gripping Reflex
⁎ Curling Reflex
⁎ Startle/Moro Reflex
⁎ Galant Reflex
⁎ Tonic Neck Reflex

13. Sucking
Reflex

14. Rooting
Reflex

15. Gripping
Reflex

16. Curling
Reflex

17. Startle/Moro
Reflex

18. Galant
Reflex

19. Tonic Neck
Reflex

20. Gross Motor Skill
Gross motor skills involve movements of the
large muscles of the arms, legs, and torso.

21. 0-6 months 7-12 months
⁎ Holds head steadily.
⁎ Moves arms and legs equally
to reach at dangling objects
⁎ Rolls over
⁎ Bounces when held standing
briefly bearing weight on legs
⁎ Sits with support
⁎ Stating to crawl but not yet
very good at this
⁎ Sits steadily without support
⁎ Creeps or crawl with ease as a
primary means of moving
around
⁎ Stands without support
⁎ Stands from a sitting position
without any help
⁎ Squats from standing position
with ease
⁎ Stands from standing position
with ease
⁎ Bends over easily without
falling
⁎ Stands from a bend position
without falling
⁎ Walks sideways by holding onto
the sides of crib or furniture
⁎ Walks with one hand held

22. Fine Motor Skill
Fine motor skills are the ability to make
movements using the small muscles in our hands
and wrists.

23. 0-6 months 7-12 months
⁎ Hands open most of the
time
⁎ Bring both hands together
towards dangling
object/toy
⁎ Use either hand
interchangeably to grasp
objects
⁎ Use all 5 fingers in a
ranking motion to get food/
toy placed on a flat surface
⁎ Grasp objects with the
same hand most of the
time (hand preference
emerging)
⁎ Pulls toys by string
⁎ Bangs two large blocks
together
⁎ Picks up objects with
thumb and index fingers
⁎ Grasp objects form hand
to hand
⁎ Grasps objects with the
same hand all the time
(definite hand
preference established)

24. Daily Activities
0-6 months 7-12 months
⁎ Sucks and swallows
milk form
breast/bottle
⁎ Begins to take
complementary semi
– solid foods by the
end of 6 moths
⁎ Keeps reasonably still
while being dressed,
undressed, bathed and
while diaper is being
changed
⁎ Holds feeding bottle
by himself
⁎ Helps hold cup for
drinking
⁎ Chews solid food well
⁎ Feeds self with finger
foods
⁎ Scoops with a spoon
with spillage

25. 0-6 months 7-12 months
⁎ Makes gurling,
cooing, babbling
or other vocal
sounds
⁎ Uses gestures (e.g.
stretching his/her
arms, pointing) to
indicate he/she
wants
⁎ Repeats sounds
produced by others
⁎ Says meaningful
sounds like amma,
appa, to refer specific
persons.
⁎ Uses animal sounds,
to identify animals
(e.g. meow-meow for
cat bow-bow for dog
Language Development

26. Thankyou