MANUFACTURING PROCESS-II UNIT-1 THEORY OF METAL CUTTING
Barcodes
1. IEC COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
Submitted To :
Prof. Ranjit Singh (H.O.D. ECE)
Mr. Mohit Yadav (Mentor ECE III A)
IEC-CET Greater Noida.
Submitted By :
MAHENDRA PRATAP SINGH
ECE IIIrd YEAR A
1309031049
SEMINAR PRESENTATION
ON
BARCODE
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2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
BARCODE SYMBOL CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES OF BARCODE
BARCODE TECHNOLOGY
BARCODE REPRESENTATION
ADVANTAGES OF BARCODE
DISADVANTAGES OF BARCODE
APPLICATION OF BARCODE
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
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3. INTRODUCION
BARCODE is an optical machine – readable form of data and it is also known
as the “Universal Product Code” (UPC).
First concept of BARCODE was developed by Bernard Silver in 1948.
George J. Laurer is considered the inventor of U.P.C., which is the most
accepted form of BARCODE.
On April 3, 1973, UPC symbol (based on the IBM proposal) was selected as
the industry standard.
BARCODE uses the Binary System for coding & decoding.
It has the series of bars & space representing alpha numeric information.
Each bar represent “1” & space represent “0”.
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5. Continued….
A bar code reader decodes a bar code by scanning a light source across the bar
code and measuring the intensity of light reflected back by the white spaces.
The pattern of reflected light is detected with a photodiode and it is then
decoded back to the original data by inexpensive electronic circuits.
Due to the design of most bar code it does not make any difference if you scan a
bar code from right to left or from left to right.
The basic structure of a bar code consists of a leading and trailing quiet zone, a
start pattern, one or more data characters, optionally one or two check characters
and a stop pattern.
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6. BAR CODE SYMBOL CHARACTERISTICS
Magnification (SIZE) - It refers to the size of the bar
code symbols.
Bar Height - EAN/UPC Bar Code symbols it is
important to ensure that the height remains in
proportion to the magnification, and does not drop
below the minimum specified.
Quiet Zones (Light Margins) - The Quiet Zones (Light
Margin) of the bar code symbol are the solid, light
areas before the first bar and after the last bar.
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7. Continued….
Colours - The colours and type of ink you choose for your bar code symbols is
very important to create a better contrast.
“The most suitable and reliable colour combination is black bars on a
white background.”
Substrate - The substrate (the material the bar code symbol is printed on) is
very important.
Bar Widths - Ensure that the bars in the symbol are clearly defined, watch for
voids or smudging, and avoid patches in the background colour.
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8. TYPES OF BARCODE
UPC (Universal Product Code)
UPC version A
UPC Version E
Other Versions :-
UPC version B
UPC version C
UPC version D
EAN (European Article Number)
EAN-8 Version
EAN-13Version
UPC A, UPC E & EAN – 8, EAN – 13 are most widely used.
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9. Continued….
UPC version A :
It is the basic version of UPC and is usually
seen on grocery store items. This is the symbology
that encodes 12 digits. First & last digit always
placed outside the symbol to indicate quiet zones
that are necessary for barcode scanners to work
properly.
UPC Version E :
UPC version E is the next most common
version of UPC. It is zero suppression version of
UPC. The code is smaller because it drops out
zeros. It has only six digit with no guard pattern.
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10. Continued….
EAN-8 Version :
EAN-8 is an 8 digit code. EAN-8 has a left
hand guard pattern, two set of four parity
digits separated by a center guard pattern and
a right hand guard pattern.
EAN-13Version :
EAN-13 is a 13 digit code. EAN-13 has 10
numeric characters. First digit is always placed
outside the symbol, additionally right quiet
indicator (>) is used to indicate quiet zone,
that are necessary for barcode scanner to work
properly.
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11. BARCODE TECHNOLOGY
Softwere Installation :
Software installed in a computer generates a
unique bar code - the black & white lines which
actually represents a unique identification tag.
Special BARCODE Thermal Printer :
Printed & pasted on product.
Thermal Paper :
It changes colour to black when heated.
Bar Code Reader :
Reads & identifies the unique code & matches
with the details of product already present in the
computer.
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12. BARCODE REPRESENTATION
It can be represented in two forms-
a.) 1D or Linear barcode representation.
b.) 2D or Matrix barcode representation.
a.) 1D or Linear representation : If the barcode represented data in width ( lines) & the spacing
of parallel lines, then it will be referred to as a 1D or Linear barcode representation .
Ex. : All version of UPC & EAN .
b.) 2D or Matrix representation : If the barcode represented in squares, dots, hexagon & other
geometric patterns with in image termed as 2D or Matrix barcode representation.
Ex. QR Codes.
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13. Continued….
1D BARCODE
REPRESENTATION
EXAMPLE -
UPC-A barcode
symbol
EAN-13 barcode
symbol
2D OR MATRIX REPRESENTATION :
It is similar to a linear (1-
dimensional) barcode, but has
more data representation
capability.
EXAMPLE -
QR Code
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14. ADVANTAGES OF BARCODE
Fast-selling items can be identified quickly.
Build-up of unwanted stock of slow-selling items can be stopped.
Repositioning of item in a store can be monitored.
Packing by manufacturers.
A relational database is created like order number, items packed,
quantity packed, final destination, etc.
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15. DISADVANTAGES OF BARCODE
Source of additional cost - The main disadvantage is that when
data is coded in the barcode. This can be an additional cost.
A scanner system is required eachtime to see the details encoded.
Complete system setup is needed to encode and decode data.
A slight defect in barcode can cause decoding problems.
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16. APPLICATIONS OF BARCODE
Bar Code is essentially used for 100% accurate & speedy data entry.
The major applications are –
Retail.
Manufacturing.
Quantity & Quality control.
Packing.
Ware housing.
Service industry such as Courier Industry, Hospital and Library Management.
Export Industry.
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17. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
Technology behind barcodes is constantly improving.
This greatly helps in keeping track of a large number of items in a store.
Reduces instances of shoplifting involving price tag swapping.
The tracking of item movement, including rental cars, airline luggage, nuclear
waste, mail and parcels .
Entertainment, sports arenas, etc tickets can have barcodes. This can allow to
identify duplicate tickets more easily.
“BARCODE WILL ALWAYS BE IN USE UNTIL A BETTER TECHNIQUE IS DEVELOPED.”
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