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6 th   International Macadamia Symposium



Crop protection Management in Brazil Macadamia Production




                                          LEONARDO MORIYA
                                             Agronomist
                                         Queen Nut Macadamia
TOPICS OF PRESENTATION

• ON FIELD RESULTS
• The “Vaversa farm case”
• The “Firma farm case”
• Insects that occur in Brazil
Key points for a good crop


                 Favorable
                  climate
                 conditions




      Trees                     Crop
     nutrition                protection
“VAVERSA CASE”

• 500 hectares
• 120.000 trees
• Average age of 25 years old
• Trees spacing of 8 x 5 m
• Staff of 90 people – 70 for harvesting
• Since 2008 they had a drastic drop on crop
VAVERSA CROPS                               VAVERSA Productivity

       1400                                                2,5
       1200
                                                           2,0
       1000




                                                  Ton/ha
        800                                                1,5
Tons




        600                                                1,0
        400
                                                           0,5
        200
          0                                                0,0
              2008   2009   2010    2011   2012                  2008   2009   2010    2011   2012


                            Years                                              Years    NIS 10% Moisture
“FIRMA FARM CASE”
•   10.000 trees
•   Spacing of 8 x 5
•   15 years old orchard
•   Reasonable trees nutrition program
•   Trees with not bad structure of vegetation and condition
•   That lead to a good crop on the next years
•   First action was to correct all the operations related to crop
    protection
FIRMA FARM CROPS                              FIRMA FARM Productivity TON/ha


       200                                                  5,0
       180                                                  4,5
       160                                                  4,0
       140                                                  3,5
                                                            3,0




                                                   Ton/ha
       120
Tons




       100                                                  2,5
        80                                                  2,0

        60
                                                            1,5
                                                            1,0
        40
                                                            0,5
        20
                                                            0,0
         0
             2009     2010           2011   2012
                                                                  2009    2010           2011         2012

                             Years                                               Years          NIS 10% Moisture
QUEEN NUT CROPS                               QUEEN NUT Productivity

       900                                                  4,0
       800                                                  3,5
       700                                                  3,0
       600
                                                            2,5




                                                  Tons/ha
       500
Tons




                                                            2,0
       400
                                                            1,5
       300
       200                                                  1,0
       100                                                  0,5
         0                                                  0,0
             2008    2009   2010    2011   2012                   2008   2009   2010    2011    2012

                                                                                          NIS 10% Moisture
                            Years                                               Years
GENERAL EVALUATION
“VAVERSA CASE”



• Bad nutrition program
• Wrong products sprayed for the wrong problems
• They didn’t know what the insects pests
• The sprayers was wrong regulated, also with
  wrong nozzles
STRATEGIES SET UP
• Established a new nutrition program
   - Based on leaf and soil analyses
• Established a insects pest monitoring and control
   - Staff training
• Started a pruning program
• Set up a list of on field control papers
FOR PEST CONTROL AND LEAF NUTRITION

• Volume sprayed of 1.500 to 2.000 liters per hectare
• Application around 6 times from flower to shell hardening
• Application of micronutrients on raceme setting and nut set
   - Zinc, Boron, Calcium, Magnesium and Copper
• Application of aminoacids plus micronutrients
AMINOACIDS
•   Alanine
                  Act directly on flower formation
•   Arginine
•   Leucine
                       and pollen fertilization
•   Isoleucine
•   Threonine
•   Proline
•   Lysine
•   Tryptophan
INSECTS
• What’s the damage and what’s the insects?
• Which moment they attack?
• How to control?
• Do they promote loss of productivity?
• Do they promote loss of quality?
BLACK APHID (Toxoptera citricida)
THRIPS
GREEN PLANTHOOPER (Empoasca sp.)
WHITE BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)
STINK BUGS (Nezara viridula, Loxa sp. and others)
LONG-TAILED MEALYBUG (Pseudococcus sp.)
NUT BORER (Ecdytolopha aurantiana)
SPRAYER
6 th   International Macadamia Symposium




                             LEONARDO MORIYA
                                 Agronomist
                      leonardo@queennutmacadamia.com.br

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Crop protection crop protection management in brazil macadamia production - leonardo moriya

  • 1. 6 th International Macadamia Symposium Crop protection Management in Brazil Macadamia Production LEONARDO MORIYA Agronomist Queen Nut Macadamia
  • 2. TOPICS OF PRESENTATION • ON FIELD RESULTS • The “Vaversa farm case” • The “Firma farm case” • Insects that occur in Brazil
  • 3. Key points for a good crop Favorable climate conditions Trees Crop nutrition protection
  • 4. “VAVERSA CASE” • 500 hectares • 120.000 trees • Average age of 25 years old • Trees spacing of 8 x 5 m • Staff of 90 people – 70 for harvesting • Since 2008 they had a drastic drop on crop
  • 5. VAVERSA CROPS VAVERSA Productivity 1400 2,5 1200 2,0 1000 Ton/ha 800 1,5 Tons 600 1,0 400 0,5 200 0 0,0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Years Years NIS 10% Moisture
  • 6. “FIRMA FARM CASE” • 10.000 trees • Spacing of 8 x 5 • 15 years old orchard • Reasonable trees nutrition program • Trees with not bad structure of vegetation and condition • That lead to a good crop on the next years • First action was to correct all the operations related to crop protection
  • 7. FIRMA FARM CROPS FIRMA FARM Productivity TON/ha 200 5,0 180 4,5 160 4,0 140 3,5 3,0 Ton/ha 120 Tons 100 2,5 80 2,0 60 1,5 1,0 40 0,5 20 0,0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 Years Years NIS 10% Moisture
  • 8. QUEEN NUT CROPS QUEEN NUT Productivity 900 4,0 800 3,5 700 3,0 600 2,5 Tons/ha 500 Tons 2,0 400 1,5 300 200 1,0 100 0,5 0 0,0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 NIS 10% Moisture Years Years
  • 9.
  • 10. GENERAL EVALUATION “VAVERSA CASE” • Bad nutrition program • Wrong products sprayed for the wrong problems • They didn’t know what the insects pests • The sprayers was wrong regulated, also with wrong nozzles
  • 11.
  • 12. STRATEGIES SET UP • Established a new nutrition program - Based on leaf and soil analyses • Established a insects pest monitoring and control - Staff training • Started a pruning program • Set up a list of on field control papers
  • 13. FOR PEST CONTROL AND LEAF NUTRITION • Volume sprayed of 1.500 to 2.000 liters per hectare • Application around 6 times from flower to shell hardening • Application of micronutrients on raceme setting and nut set - Zinc, Boron, Calcium, Magnesium and Copper • Application of aminoacids plus micronutrients
  • 14. AMINOACIDS • Alanine Act directly on flower formation • Arginine • Leucine and pollen fertilization • Isoleucine • Threonine • Proline • Lysine • Tryptophan
  • 15. INSECTS • What’s the damage and what’s the insects? • Which moment they attack? • How to control? • Do they promote loss of productivity? • Do they promote loss of quality?
  • 17.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. WHITE BROAD MITE (Polyphagotarsonemus latus)
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. STINK BUGS (Nezara viridula, Loxa sp. and others)
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 32.
  • 33. NUT BORER (Ecdytolopha aurantiana)
  • 35. 6 th International Macadamia Symposium LEONARDO MORIYA Agronomist leonardo@queennutmacadamia.com.br