today energy production in big race, because population and technology increasing rate is very fast, we discussed hydrogen as good energy source and some synthesis method of hydrogen gas and major focus on water gas shift reaction #water, #watergasshiftreaction, #energy #nanoparticle #property_of_nanopartical

1. SUFFICIENT METHOD OF
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
BY
WATER GAS SHIFT REACTIONS
1

2. 295 461 553 603.17 990 1260
6140
7720
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2019
population
of world
(million)
Year
E
n
e
r
g
y
u
s
e
2

3. 37%
32%
11%
11%
8%
% energy
petroleum
natural gas
renewable eneryy
coal
nuclear electric
power
3
carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen
oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), particulate matter , and unburned
hydrocarbons (UHCs) are release in atmosphere

4. Iron our
reduction
Oxo-synthesis
ammonia
synthesis
Nuclear fussion
Oil refinary
samiconducter
Disadvantage
of bio and
organic fuels
Low energy
production
4

5. 5
• Use CO and H2O as reactant
• CO + H2O CO2+ H2
• Use biological species as catalyst ex
• 2H2O+light energy(cynobectria)2H2+ O2

6. CO + H2O
Catalyst
temprature
pressure
+ H2
C O
O
Reaction of CO with water in present of catalyst and specific
temperature and pressure produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas
called Water gas shift reaction
There are two product CO2 and H2
This is good method for hydrogen production because we use
water as reactant.
WGSR is a moderately exothermic reaction in nature
6
Value of △H=-41.1kj/mole

7. CO H2O
C
O
OH H C
O
O H CO2 H CO2
H2
CO2+ H2
CO+H2O
H H
7
H2O H2 CO2

8. These reaction produce pure hydrogen gas using CO ( carbon mono oxide) water.
Types of water gas
shift reaction
High Temperature
Shift Conversion
Medium
Temperature Shift
Conversion
Sour Gas Shift
Conversion
Low Temperature
Shift Conversion
High
temperature
catalyst
nanocatalyst
Carbon based
nanoparticles
Metal based
nanoparticles
Low
temperature
catalyst
Metal or metal
salt based
catalyst
Carbon based
catalyst
photo
catalyst
8

9. 9
These type of reaction is kinetically febreable.
The HTS catalysts generally operate in the temperature range of
310–700 °C
CO + O * ↔ CO2* slow
CO2* ↔ CO2 + * slow
H2O+ *↔H2O* fast
H2O* + *↔OH* + H* fast
OH* +* ↔ O* + H*
H* + H* ↔ H2+ 2* slow

10. 10
• Stable catalyst
• high yield
• their low cost
• High temperature require
New catalyst for HTWGS reaction
Generally used Fe Cr based catalyst
ex
 Fe2O3
 Iron-chromium oxide(Fe2O3/Cr2O3)

11. 11

12. 12
e-
e-
hole+
eh pair
generate
H2O+CO
H2+ CO2
hv
Sun light energy source
Au/TiO2
Pd/TiO2
 Pt/TiO2

13. 13
Carbon based
nanomaterials
Graphene, CNT,
GO, rGO, g-C3N4
etc.
Metallic
nanoparticles
ZnO, CdS, Fe2O3,
Cu2O etc.
Nanocomposites
Cu@ZnS,
Mn@ZnS,
CuONPs/rGO etc.
High surface area
Low toxicity
High atom economy
High catalytic activity
Application
Biological activities
Household appliances
Electronics
Manufacturing technologies
Environmental remediation

14. 14
This reaction work low amount of metal
Metal doped on carbon surface

15. 15
Catalyst
Latest method for hydrogen production with WGS reaction because

16. 16
Hydrogen production by organic compound by
WGS reaction
 by CH4 ( natural gas)

17. 17