16. Click To Edit Master Title
Style
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StyleStyleStyle
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t l______styles
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17. Click To Edit Master Title
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StyleStyleStyle الغازية اإلنبعاثات
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:المدخالت
الطاقة
ا الھ
الروائح إنبعاثات الضوضاء
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الھواء
المياه
الخام المواد
المساعدة المواد _____ _____
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األساسى المنتجالعملياتاإلنتاجيةالمختلفة
المساعدة المواد
والتغليف التعبئة مواد
الثانوية المنتجات
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الثانوية المنتجات
____ _____السائلة المخلفات الصلبة المخلفات الخطرة المخلفات
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18. Click To Edit Master Title
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Style ھوالتطبيقالمستمرلسياسةحمايةبيئية
StyleStyle وبيقرييي بي
متكاملةللخاماتوداخلعملياتاالنتاج
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____ __ ____ _____ ____Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
ووصوالالىالمنتجالنھائىوتتضمن:
د الالفاقدفاد الالخانتج الائ الن
______Second level
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الحدمنالفاقدفىالموادالخاموالمنتجالنھائى
للموارد االمثل االستغالل)كھرباء-مياه-كيماويات...الخ(
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رفعكفاءةاألداء
تطبيقنظاماالدارةالبيئية
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رفعكفاءةاألداء
االستفادةمنالمنتجاتالثانوية
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38. OPERATION
TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCTS
PRODUCTION PROCESS
Change INPUT MATERIALS PRODUCTS
1/ Change inputs materials, water and energy:
Change INPUT MATERIALS
WASTES &
EMISSIONS
> Replacing toxic or harmful materials with less toxic
> Use of renewable materials
> Use materials with longer lifetime
M t i l ifi ti EMISSIONS> Material purification
43. Occupational and safety hazards can be:
• Risks from handling of chemicals like phosphoric acids, caustic,
hexane
• Risks from improper ventilation in storage and process
buildings giving out chemical fumesbuildings giving out chemical fumes
• Risks from live steam lines and condensates
• Risks from oily / slippery floors
• Risks from exposure to high noise level
Ri k f t VOC• Risks from exposure to VOCs
45. Box 5.5 Low Cost CPT Recommendations for Equipment Replacement in Tunisian Oil Mill
Ref. Environmental Management as a Tool to Access Global Trade: Case of Vegetable Oil (UNIDO, 2004)
46. CPT Options for Process TechnologyCPT Options for Process Technology
Membrane technology
• Solvent recovery
D i• Degumming
• Free fatty acid removal
• Catalyst recovery
• Recovery of wash water from centrifuges
• Recovery of cooling tower water
• Protein purification and tocopherol separations
(K l 2002)(Koseoglu, 2002)
47. CPT Options for Process Technology
Super Centrifuge (Pennwalt India Limited, 2003)
Continuous Acid / Water Degumming Process
Only a single stage phosphoric acid treatmentOnly a single stage phosphoric acid treatment
+ single stage hot water treatment
Followed by
continuous removal of the hydrated gumscontinuous removal of the hydrated gums
=
Eliminating the multi-step operations of conventional
degumming process
48. CPT Options for Operation and QC
Oil ill i I diOil mill in India
• Seeds should be cracked into 4 - 6 pieces for efficientSeeds should be cracked into 4 6 pieces for efficient
cooking and flaking, that can reduce loss of oil in DOC
• Temperature (80 °C), residence time (45 to 60 min) and
moisture content (10% max)moisture content (10% max)
• Thickness of flakes within 0.33 - 0.37 mm.
To avoid high oil content in DOC. Thicker flakes increases the oil content in the
DOC while thinner flakes generate more sediment.
49. CPT Options for Operation and MaintenanceC Op o s o Ope o d e ce
• Use of pressurized water for machinery and floor cleaningp y g
• Installation of probes at suitable points to monitor hexane
leakage into the air or water
• Regular checking and maintaining pump seals
• Use of oil traps and steam traps at suitable locations
50. Energy efficiency audits for some Egyptian oil mills:Energy efficiency audits for some Egyptian oil mills:
• No Preventive maintenance programsp g
• No Boiler tuning and maintenance to remove scales and
unburned materials
• No Maintenance of steam pipes, connections, valves and
insulation (10% energy losses).
• No Heat recovery from boiler blowdown water and steam traps• No Heat recovery from boiler blowdown water and steam traps
• No Steam flow meters for each processing departmentNo Steam flow meters for each processing department
51. CPT O ti f E Effi iCPT Options for Energy Efficiency
1. Regular boiler tuning and maintenance (such as scaleg g (
removal, ash handling etc.) to increase the efficiency of
b ticombustion.
2. Optimizing boiler-operating parameters, like controlling feed
rate, air to fuel ratio, preheating boiler fuel and supply air,
operating the burners and blowers efficiently controllingoperating the burners and blowers efficiently, controlling
total dissolved solids of the boiler feed water, combusting the
flue gas etc. not only to increase the boiler efficiency but also
to reduce air pollution from flue gasto reduce air pollution from flue gas.
52. CPT Options for Energy Efficiency
3. Maintaining the steam distribution piping by properly3. Maintaining the steam distribution piping by properly
insulating the pipelines, installing flow meters, sensors and
steam traps, repairing or changing faulty valves, probes,
connections seals etc.
I f h il ill i E l i f (US$• In one of the oil mills in Egypt, an annual cost saving of (US$
36,765) was achieved against an initial expenditure of (US$
3,268)
Ref. (SEAM, 1999)( , )
53. Recycling Opportunities
1. Lecithin can be recovered from degumming of oil (80 tons of
lecithin could be recovered from 100 tons of gum)g )
2. Spent earth containing oil can be used as a fuel (having a
calorific value of 14 MJ/kg) or can be used as soil conditioner
for sandy soil having poor agricultural value
3. Damaged packaging material like plastic and metal
t i b ldcontainers can be sold as scrap
Ref. (SEAM, 1999)