1. The Birth and Death of Stars By Moira Whitehouse PhD

2. What are Stars?

4. What are Galaxies?

5. • Stars form groupings called galaxies. • There are about 80-100 billion galaxies in that part of the Universe we can observe. • There may be more in the Universe beyond what we are able to detect. • Each galaxy has billions or trillions of stars. • Many astronomers believe that stars in a galaxy orbit around a black hole.

6. Hubble Ultra Deep Field image with a huge number of galaxies.

7. 5 galaxies Hickson Compact Gp 52

8. interacting Galaxy Pair Arp 8

10. NASA /JPL-Caltech Artist’s image of the Milky Way

11. Infrared image of the Milky Way—Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite NASA

12. Spiral Galaxy M7

13. How Are Stars “Born”?

15. A nebula called NGC 6302. What resembles butterfly wings are actually boiling cauldrons of gases heated to more than 36,000 degrees F.

17. • Sometimes part of the cloud shrinks and forms a ball as gravity pulls the gas and dust particles closer and closer together. • The gas and dust inside the ball bump into one another causing the temperature to rise.

19. • The heated gases expand balancing the inward pull of gravity. gravity hot gases expanding

20. • The energy moves through the outer layers of the ball and into space as electromagnetic radiation. • The visible light causes the ball to glow ••••••• and

21. ……… a new star is born!

22. Embryonic stars in the Eagle Nebula

23. Stars bursting into life in Carina nebula

24. A firestorm of stars being born in Galaxy NGC 604

25. Intense bursts of stars that have formed over the last few tens of million years. • The Hodge Cluster 301 Many stars forming in the Tarantula Cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy

26. What Happens During the “Life” of a Star

29. How does a Star “Die”?

35. • The star then sheds its outer layers of gas and dust and becomes planetary nebulae. • When a planetary nebular forms, there is only about 20% of the original star left.

36. Twin jet nebula Ant nebula Two planetary nebula

37. • The planetary nebula spends the rest of its life cooling and shrinking until it becomes a few thousand miles in diameter. • Finally it becomes a……

38. • white dwarf-- a very dense ball. • It continues to give off heat for billions of years until it finally becomes a black dwarf and ceases to shine--you can no longer see it.

39. Image from the Liverpool Telescope Here you can see a planetary nebula called M57 with its White Dwarf in the middle.

43. Red Supergiant Star V838 Monocerotis

44. Betelgeuse a red supergiant nearing its end.

45. Upper section of the picture is the bluish color of hot stars newly formed stars reflected by a cloud of cool gases and dust. The lower red section is Antares, a super red giant which is gradually shedding layers.

46. Antares – a Red Super Giant Anatares, a Red Super Giant in the Milky Way Galaxy in the process of dying.

49. Crab Nebula with remnants of a star’s supernova explosion.

50. • huge stars 1.5 to 3 times the mass of the Sun shrink and form a neutron star. After the supernova explosion: • giant stars 3 times the mass of the Sun shrink and form a black hole.

51. Neutron star

52. This deep Chandra X-ray Observatory image shows the supernova remnant Kes. The explosion of a massive star created the supernova remnant, along with a pulsar-- a rapidly spinning neutron star.

53. Eta-Carinae supernova with a neutron star

54. A NASA image illustration of a supermassive black hole ripping apart a star and consuming part of it.

55. This black hole has about 3.8 times the mass of our sun, and is orbited by a companion star, as shown in this illustration. Credit: NASA/CXC/A. Hobar

56. The debris from a supernova explosion is blown away and forms a glowing cloud called a supernova remnant.

57. Remnants of a supernova

58. Supernova Remnant from Palomar

59. Remnants of a supernova and pulsar in the middle of the remnants

60. http://www.valdosta.edu/~cbarnbau/astro_demos/frameset_moon.html