1. // Start with the inclusion of libraries
#include <iostream> //The library of io functions
#include <fstream> //The library of external stream functions
#include <cstdlib> //The library for external errors
#include <string> //The library for string functions
#include <cmath> //The library of C math functions
#include <iomanip> //Allows setting widths, etc. for I/O
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
// Define all of the prototypes for functions used in the program
// Counts the number of unique letters seen
int countunique(int *array, int size);
// Creates the input file and formats it for use by the cipher
section.
void createinput(string ifile, string ofile);
// Creates the encoded input file
void createcipher(int key, string ifile, string ofile);
// Finds and counts the number of digrams
int digram(int *pointer, string ifile);
// Counts the letter frequency in the encoded input file
int lettercount(int*, string ifile, string ofile);
// Finds the highest count in the singlton (or any other) array
int singleton(int*, int size);

2. // Trims an input file to the right size starting at an offset
void trimfile(string ifile, string ofile, int offset, int size);
// Begin the main function for testing
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int count = 0;
int second = 0;
int singlefreq[26];
int *single = singlefreq;
int delta;
int loop; //The loop counter for arguments
int final = 0;
int totalcnt;
int key = -1; //Sets the key value
int len = 0; //The length to investigate for testing
int off; //Holds the offset into the file
double m; //Holds the metric error value
char loopletter;
float percent;
string ifile1 = "";
string ofile1 = "";
string deflt =
"c:dissertationShiftandSubcipherC++filesclean.txt";
string ifile2 = "";
string ofile2 = ""; //Holds selected file path names
string cmdarg; //Holds the command line argument
string stop = "l"; //Gives the stop condition,
assumes l
string reportfile = "c:dissertationtestreport.txt";

3. ofstream outs; //Declare an output stream for
reporting
int digramc[676]; //Set up the digram array
int *two = digramc; //Point to the digram array
int dicount = 0; //Holds the count of the number
of digrams
int total = 0; //Counts the total number of letters
seen for analysis
for (loop = 1; loop<argc; loop++) //Decide if we have
arguments or must use defaults
{
if (!argv[1])
{
// cout << "No argument found.n";
ifile1 = deflt;
}
else
{
cmdarg = argv[loop];
if (cmdarg == "-k")
{
loop++;
key = atoi(argv[loop]);
cout << "key = " << key << endl;
}
if (cmdarg == "-l")
{
loop++;
len = atoi(argv[loop]);
cout << "Run for " << len << "
characters.n";
}

4. if (cmdarg == "-m")
{
loop++;
m = atof(argv[loop]);
cout << "Run until and error of " << m <<
"n";
}
if (cmdarg == "-off")
{
loop++;
off = atoi(argv[loop]);
cout << "Start the analysis " << off << "
characters into the file.n";
}
if (cmdarg == "-stop")
{
loop++;
stop = argv[loop];
cout << "Stop for " << stop << "n";
}
if (cmdarg == "-i")
{
loop++;
ifile2 = argv[loop];
cout << "Using input file " << ifile2 <<
"n";
}
if (cmdarg == "-o")
{
loop++;
ofile2 = argv[loop];
cout << "Using outpuf file " << ofile2 <<
endl;
}
}
}

5. for (count = 0; count<26; count++) //Initialize the
frequency arrays to no count
{
singlefreq[count] = 0;
}
for (count = 0; count<676; count++) //Initialize the
digram array to no count
{
digramc[count] = 0;
}
createinput(ifile2, ofile2);
createcipher(key, ofile2, ofile2);
// cout << ofile2 << endl;
trimfile(ofile2, ofile2, off, len);
totalcnt = lettercount(single, ofile2, ofile2);
cout << "nn";
/* for(count=0;count<26;count++)
{
loopletter = 97 + count;
percent = (singlefreq[count]*100/totalcnt);
cout << "For the letter " << loopletter << ", the count = "
<< setw(10) << setfill('-') << singlefreq[count]
<< " " << setw(4) << percent << "%" << endl;
total = total + singlefreq[count];
}*/
cout << "Total number of letters analyzed " << setw(10)
<< setfill('-') << total << endl;
delta = singleton(single, 26);
final = delta;
delta = delta + 97;
cout << endl << endl << "The letter E is most likely offset
to " << char(delta) << endl;

6. if (final < 5)
{
final = final + 22;
}
else{
final = final - 4;
}
cout << "This corresponds to a shift of " << final <<
"nnn";
m = float(abs(final - key)) / float(countunique(single, 26));
// cout << m << "=" << float(abs(final-key)) << "/" <<
float(countunique(single,26))<< endl;
dicount = digram(two, ofile2);
outs.open(reportfile.c_str(), ios::app); // Open the output
stream as a binary input stream
if (outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report
it then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << reportfile
<< " for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << reportfile <<
".n";
}
outs << ifile2 << "," << key << "," << final << "," << len
<< "," << off << "," << m << endl;
outs.close();
return 0;

7. }
void createinput(string ifile, string ofile)
{
char ch;
int val = 1;
int count = 0;
// Give the default location of the file containing the data
to be read in
string table = "c:dissertationdata.txt"; // Set up a
default file for input
string tablein;
string outfile = "c:dissertationout.txt"; // Set up a
default file for output
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream
// cout << "In createinputn";
if (ifile != "")
{
// cout << "Forming the filename with
exentedern";
tablein = ifile + ".txt";
// cout << "Creating clean file from " <<
tablein << endl;
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}

8. if (tablein != "i")
{
table = tablein;
}
ins.open(table.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if (ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << table << ".n";
}
// cout << "Have ofile as " << ofile << endl;
if (ofile != "")
{
outfile = ofile + "out.txt";
cout << "Creating outfile as " << outfile << endl;
}
outs.open(outfile.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the output
stream as a binary input stream
if (outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report
it then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << outfile << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << outfile << ".n";
}

9. ins >> ch;
// cout << ch; //<< "n";
while (!ins.eof()){
if (((ch >= 65) && (ch < 91)) || ((ch >= 97) && (ch <
123))) //Check if this is an alpha character
{
if ((ch >= 65) && (ch < 91))
{
ch = ch + 32;
}
// std::cout << ch; // << "n";
outs << ch;
count++;
}
// std::cout << count << "n";
ins >> ch;
};
std::cout << "nnFinal charater count = " << count <<
"nnn";
ins.close(); // Close the input stream
// cout << "nClosed input file " << table << ".n";
outs.close(); // Close the output file stream
// cout << "nClosed output file " << outfile <<
".nnn";
}
void createcipher(int key, string ifile, string ofile)
{
unsigned char ch;
int offset;
int val = 0;

10. cout << "Read in a key value of: " << key << endl;
// Give the default location of the file containing the data
to be read in
string table = "c:dissertationout.txt"; // Set up a default
file for input
string tablein;
string outfile = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for output
string keys;
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream
// cout << "In createciphern";
if (ifile != "")
{
tablein = ifile + "out.txt";
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}
if (tablein != "i")
{
table = tablein;
}
ins.open(table.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if (ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "

11. for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << table << ".n";
}
if (ofile != "")
{
outfile = ofile + "cipher" + ".txt";
}
outs.open(outfile.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the output
stream as binary input stream
if (outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report
it then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << outfile << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << outfile << ".n";
}
if (key == -1)
{
while (val == 0)
{
cout << "nnPlease input the shift for the cipher
(from 1 to 25): ";
cin >> offset;
if ((offset >= 1) && (offset < 26))
{
cout << "nnYou have entered an offset of
" << offset << ".nnn";
val = 1;

12. }
else
{
cout << "You have entered an invalid
number, you will be prompted again for the right input
value.n";
}
};
}
else
{
offset = key;
}
ins >> ch;
ch = ch + offset;
// cout << ch; //<< "n";
while (!ins.eof()){
if (ch > 'z') //Check if this is an alpha character
{
ch = ch - 26;
// cout << ch;
}
// std::cout << ch << " " << int(ch) << " " <<
offset <<" " << ch+offset <<" ;"; // << "n";
outs << ch;
ins >> ch;
ch = ch + offset;
};
ins.close(); // Close the input stream
// cout << "nnClosed input file " << table << ".n";
outs.close(); // Close the output file stream
// cout << "nClosed output file " << outfile <<

13. ".nnn";
}
int lettercount(int *pointer, string ifile, string ofile)
{
int lettercount = 0;
int offset;
char target;
// Give the default location of the file containing the data
to be read in
string table = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for input
string tablein;
// string outfile = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set
up a default file for output
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
// ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream
// cout << "In lettercountn";
if (ifile != "")
{
tablein = ifile + "newcipher.txt";
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}
if (tablein != "i")
{

14. table = tablein;
}
// cout << "Counting from the file " << table << endl;
ins.open(table.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if (ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nnOpened the file " << table << ".n";
}
ins >> target;
while (!ins.eof())
{
// cout << target << "n";
lettercount = lettercount + 1;
offset = target - 97;
// cout << offset << endl;
pointer[offset]++;
// cout << pointer[offset] << endl;
ins >> target;
};
cout << "Total " << setw(7) << setfill('-') << lettercount
<< endl;
ins.close();
// cout << lettercount << endl;
return lettercount;
}

15. int singleton(int *letter, int size)
{
int loop = 0;
int highest = 0; //Holds the highest letter count to date in
the loop
int tempval = 0; //Holds the present value for the letter
count
int offset = 0; //Holds the letter offset for the highest
value
for (loop = 0; loop<size; loop++)
{
tempval = letter[loop];
if (tempval > highest)
{
highest = tempval;
offset = loop;
}
}
return offset;
}
int digram(int *pointer, string ifile)
{
int lettercount = 0;
int offset1, offset2;
int index;
int let1offset, let2offset;
char target;
char target2;

16. // Give the default location of the file containing the data
to be read in
string table = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for input
string tablein;
// string outfile = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set
up a default file for output
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
// ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream
// cout << "In digramn";
if (ifile != "")
{
tablein = ifile + "cipher.txt";
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}
if (tablein != "i")
{
table = tablein;
}
ins.open(table.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if (ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nnOpened the file " << table << ".n";

17. }
ins >> target;
ins >> target2;
cout << target << target2;
while (!ins.eof())
{
// cout << target << "n";
lettercount = lettercount + 1;
// offset = target - 97;
// cout << offset << endl;
// pointer[offset]++;
// cout << pointer[offset] << endl;
target = target2;
ins >> target2;
offset1 = target - 97;
offset2 = target2 - 97;
index = (offset1 * 26) + offset2;
// cout << target << target2 << endl;
// cout << offset1 << " " << offset2 << " "
<< index << endl;
pointer[index]++;
};
ins.close();
// cout << lettercount << endl;
/* for(offset1=0;offset1<677;offset1++)
{
target2 = (offset1 % 26) + 97;
target = ((offset1 - target2 - 97)/26) + 97;
cout << "Number of " << target << target2 << " = " <<
pointer[offset1] << endl;
}
*/
cout << "nn";

18. offset2 = singleton(pointer, 676);
cout << offset2 << endl << endl;
let2offset = (offset2 % 26);
let1offset = ((offset2 - let2offset)) / 26;
if (let1offset < 19)
{
let1offset = let1offset + 7;
}
else
{
let1offset = let1offset - 19;
}
if (let2offset < 8)
{
let2offset = let2offset + 19;
}
else
{
let2offset = let2offset - 7;
}
cout << "Calculated the first digram letter offset to be " <<
let1offset << endl;
cout << "Calculated the second digram letter offset to be "
<< let2offset << endl << endl;
return lettercount;
}
int countunique(int *array, int size)
{
int cnt = 0; //Number of unique letters seen

19. int loop; //Loop counter
for (loop = 0; loop<size; loop++)
{
if (array[loop]>0)
{
cnt++;
}
}
return cnt;
}
void trimfile(string ifile, string ofile, int offset, int size)
{
int loop, cnt; //Loop counters
char letter; //Holds the letter from the input file
string cutfile; //The file to cut
string finalfile; //The final cut from the file
ifstream ins; //Declare the input stream
ofstream outs; //Declare an output stream
// cout << "In trimfilen";
cutfile = ifile + "cipher.txt";
finalfile = ofile + "newcipher.txt";
// cout << ifile << " " << ofile << endl << endl;
// cout << cutfile << " " << finalfile << endl;
ins.open(cutfile.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if (ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program

20. {
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << cutfile << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nnOpened the file " << cutfile <<
".n";
}
outs.open(finalfile.c_str(), ios::binary); // Open the output
stream as a binary input stream
if (outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report
it then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << finalfile <<
" for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << finalfile <<
".n";
}
for (cnt = 0; cnt<offset; cnt++)
{
// cout << cnt << endl;
ins >> letter;
// outs<< letter;
}
for (loop = 0; loop<size; loop++)
{
ins >> letter;
outs << letter;
// cout << cnt << " " << loop << " " << letter

21. << endl;
}
ins.close();
outs.close();
//Close the input and output files
ins.close();
outs.close();
cout << "Closed the files, this program is done.n";
//return 0;
}
string decryptshift(char letter, int key)
{
int newletter;
string eletter = "";
newletter = int(letter) - key;
if (newletter < 97){
newletter = newletter + 26;
}
if (newletter >= 97 && newletter <= 122){
eletter = char(newletter);
}
return eletter;
}
string decryptfileshift(string& file, int key)
{
int loop;

22. string dfile;
for (loop = 0; loop < file.length(); loop++){
// cout << file[loop] << endl;
dfile = dfile + decryptshift(file[loop], key);
}
return dfile;
}
char cleancharinfile(char letter)
{
char symbol;
char concat;
symbol = tolower(letter);
if ((int(symbol) >= 97) && (int(symbol) <= 122)){
concat = symbol;
}
else{
concat = char("");
}
return concat;
}
bool is_allowed(string mgram, vector<string>& alloweds)
{
bool success = false;
vector<string>::iterator ptr;
for (ptr = alloweds.begin(); ptr < alloweds.end(); ptr++){
if (*ptr == mgram){

23. success = true;
break;
}
if (*ptr > mgram){
break;
}
}
return success;
}
int last_key(vector<bool> list)
{
int key = 0;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < (int)list.size(); i++)
{
if (list.at(i) == true)
{
key = i;
}
}
cout << "solution found" << endl;
return key;
}
//return 0;
//The number of wrong words in the input file is subject to the
number of non-alphabetics such as numericals and uppercase
letters. However, uppercase letters are first converted to

24. lowercase for uniformity.
===============================================
=================================
Citations for any code used that I did not write:
===============================================
=================================
Purpose of Program:
===============================================
=================================
Data Dictionary:
Local Variables:
Name Type Use Definition
----- --------- ---------------------- ----------------------------
--
ch char Holds a character
ch=[letter|digit|punctuation]
data string Holds word in list data = [string]
head node* Pointer to list head head =
[integer|NULL]
ins ifstream Identifies input file ins = [filename]
loop int Holds the loop count loop = [0|posinteger]
outs ofstream Identifies output files outs = [filename]
next node* Holds link to next node next = [integer]
node struct Linked list node node = [data,next]
yn bool Passes yes and not yn = [boolean]
Type Type Definition
------------ -------------------------------------------------------
boolean boolean = [TRUE|FALSE]
digit digit = [0|1|2|...|9]
eos eos = [end of string char]
filename filename = [letter,:,,,string]
float float = [integer,.,posinteger]
integer integer = [-infinity|...|-1|0|1|...|infinity]

25. letter letter = [a|b|...|z|A|B|...|Z]
neginteger neginteger = [-infinity|...|-2|-1]
posinteger posinteger = [1|2|...|infinity]
punctuation punctuation = [ |,|.|/|?|'|+|=|-
|)|(|*|&|^|%|$|#|@|!|~|
"|:|;|>|<}|{]
string string = [(letter|number|_|)n,eos]
===============================================
===============================*/
//==============================================
================================
// Grab some libraries.
#include "global.h"
using namespace std;
//==============================================
================================
// Function call definitions for main()
int mgram(vector<bool>&, vector<bool>&, vector<char>&, int,
int, int);
int display_keys(vector<bool>, vector<char>, string);
int last_key(vector<bool>);
/*==============================================
================================
Data Dictionary for main():

26. Name Type Use Definition
----- --------- ---------------------- ------------------------------
--
argc int Holds the number of argc = [0|posinteger]
command line arguments
passed to the program.
argv char** Holds the command line argv = [string]
arguments passed to the
program.
i int Counter for loop. i = [0|posinteger]
cmdarg string Holds a single command cmdarg = [string]
line argument for
evaluation.
===============================================
===============================*/
// Fire up our main function.
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
bool decipher = false;
bool check2grams = false;
bool check3grams = false;
bool check4grams = false;
bool check5grams = false;
bool check6grams = false;
int offset = 0;
int i;
int size;
string symbols = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
string key = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
string type = "caesar";
string cmdarg;

27. string ifile = "snark.txt";
string ofile = "cipher.txt";
string cfile = "clean.txt";
vector<char> characters;
vector<char> temp;
char ch;
string word = "";
int loop;
int letters = 3;
size = hash("zz");
vector<bool> bv2grams(size + 1);
size = hash("zzz");
vector<bool> bv3grams(size + 1);
size = hash("zzzz");
vector<bool> bv4grams(size + 1);
size = hash("zzzzz");
vector<bool> bv5grams(size + 1);
size = hash("zzzzzz");
vector<bool> bv6grams(size + 1);
// Create and set a random offset;
offset = random_offset(1, symbols.size() - 1);
// Make all keys, except 0, possible;
if(type == "caesar")
{
size = symbols.size();
}
vector<bool> possible(size);
for(i = 1; i < (int)possible.size(); i++)
{

28. possible.at(i) = 1;
}
// Set the keyprogress list to a default of 25;
int keyprogress[2000];
for(i = 0; i < 2000; i++)
{
keyprogress[i] = 25;
}
int cntp = bit_count(possible, true);
int lstkey = 0;
// Deal with command line arguments.
for(i = 0; i < argc; i++)
{
cmdarg = argv[i];
// Display help text.
if((cmdarg == "-h") || (cmdarg == "--help"))
{
cout << "n";
cout << "usage: " << argv[0] << " [options]
[commands] [arguments]n"
<< "options: n"
<< " -h --help View this help text. n"
<< " -v --version Display version number.
n"
<< " --debug Enable debug output.
nn";
cout << "more options: n"

29. << " --use-2grams Use digrams to crack
the cipher. n"
<< " --use-3grams Use trigrams to crack
the cipher. n"
<< " --use-4grams Use quadgrams to
crack the cipher. n"
<< " --use-5grams Use pentagrams to
crack the cipher. n"
<< " --use-6grams Use hexgrams to crack
the cipher. nn";
cout << "commands: n"
<< " -i --input File to encrypt / decrypt.
n"
<< " -t --type Type of encryption to
use. n"
<< " -k --key Key to encrypt with. n"
<< " -n --offset Offset to encrypt with.
n"
<< " -s --symbols Set of symbols to use.
nn";
exit(1);
}
// Display version info.
if((cmdarg == "-v") || (cmdarg == "--version"))
{
cout << argv[0] << " v0.1 nLast modified 17
March 2004. n";
exit(1);
}
// Debug mode?

30. if(cmdarg == "--debug")
{
debug = true;
}
// Set the m-gram lists to check.
if(cmdarg == "--use-2grams")
{
check2grams = true;
}
if(cmdarg == "--use-3grams")
{
check3grams = true;
}
if(cmdarg == "--use-4grams")
{
check4grams = true;
}
if(cmdarg == "--use-5grams")
{
check5grams = true;
}
if(cmdarg == "--use-6grams")
{
check6grams = true;
}
// Process the input file.
if(cmdarg == "-i" || cmdarg == "--input")
{
ifile = argv[i + 1];
}

31. // Process all the ecryption variables.
if(cmdarg == "-t" || cmdarg == "--type")
{
type = argv[i + 1];
}
if(cmdarg == "-k" || cmdarg == "--key")
{
key = argv[i + 1];
}
if(cmdarg == "-n" || cmdarg == "--offset")
{
offset = atoi(argv[i + 1]);
}
if(cmdarg == "-s" || cmdarg == "--symbols")
{
symbols = argv[i + 1];
}
}
// Clean and encrypt our input file.
clean(ifile, cfile, symbols);
crypt(cfile, ofile, type, symbols, key, offset, decipher);
// Which m-gram lists should we be using for decryption?
if(!check2grams && !check3grams && !check4grams &&
!check5grams && !check6grams)
{
check2grams = true;
check3grams = true;
check4grams = true;
check5grams = true;
check6grams = true;
}

32. // Read in the appropriate m-gram lists.
cout << "nn";
if(check2grams)
{
cout << "Reading in 2-grams...n";
bit_read("forbid2.bin", bv2grams);
}
if(check3grams)
{
cout << "Reading in 3-grams...n";
bit_read("forbid3.bin", bv3grams);
}
if(check4grams)
{
cout << "Reading in 4-grams...n";
bit_read("forbid4.bin", bv4grams);
}
if(check5grams)
{
cout << "Reading in 5-grams...n";
bit_read("forbid5.bin", bv5grams);
}
if(check6grams)
{
cout << "Reading in 6-grams...n";
bit_read("forbid6.bin", bv6grams);
}
cout << "nn";
// Reset decipher so we can use it as part of the decryption.
decipher = true;
// Begin the decryption!

33. ifstream fin;
fin.open("cipher.txt");
for(i = 0; i < letters; i++)
{
fin >> ch;
characters.push_back(ch);
}
while(cntp > 1 && !fin.eof())
{
cout << "Setting up the input file for " << letters << "
characters. n";
for(loop = 1; loop < (int)possible.size(); loop++)
{
if(possible.at(loop) == true)
{
temp = characters;
if(type == "caesar")
{
caesar(temp, symbols, loop, decipher);
}
// Display output.
cout << "nChecking m-grams for key " <<
loop << "n";
for(i = 0; i < (int)characters.size(); i++)
{
cout << characters.at(i);
}
cout << "n";
for(i = 0; i < (int)temp.size(); i++)
{
cout << temp.at(i);

34. }
cout << "n";
// Check m-grams and elminate keys.
if(check2grams)
{
mgram(possible, bv2grams, temp,
letters, loop, 2);
}
if(check3grams)
{
mgram(possible, bv3grams, temp,
letters, loop, 3);
}
if(check4grams)
{
mgram(possible, bv4grams, temp,
letters, loop, 4);
}
if(check5grams)
{
mgram(possible, bv5grams, temp,
letters, loop, 5);
}
if(check6grams)
{
mgram(possible, bv6grams, temp,
letters, loop, 6);
}
}
}
letters++;
fin >> ch;

35. characters.push_back(ch);
cntp = bit_count(possible, 26);
keyprogress[letters] = cntp;
display_keys(possible, characters, symbols);
pause("decryption");
}
display_keys(possible, characters, symbols);
for(loop = 2; loop <= letters; loop++)
{
cout << keyprogress[loop] << " ";
}
lstkey = last_key(possible);
cout << "nnn";
cout << "Final letter count is " << letters - 1
<< ". The selected key is " << lstkey << ".nn";
if(offset == lstkey)
{
cout << "The decryption was successful. n";
}
else
{
cout << "The decryption failed. n";
}
cout << "nnn";
return 0;
}
int mgram(vector<bool>& possible, vector<bool>& bvmgrams,
vector<char>& temp,
int letters, int loop, int size)
{

36. string word = "";
int i;
if((letters >= size) && (possible.at(loop) == true)
&& (temp.size() - size >= 0))
{
for(i = temp.size() - size; i < (int)temp.size(); i++)
{
word.append(1, temp.at(i));
}
if(!bit_check(word, bvmgrams))
{
possible.at(loop) = false;
cout << "Found forbidden m-gram " << word
<< " on list. Elminiating this key. n";
}
}
return 0;
}
int display_keys(vector<bool> list, vector<char> characters,
string symbols)
{
int count;
int i;
vector<char> temp;
cout << "nn";
cout << setw(7) << left << "Key" << "Status n";
cout << setw(7) << left << "=====" <<

37. "================= n";
for(count = 0; count < (int)list.size(); count++)
{
if(list.at(count) == false)
{
cout << setw(7) << left << count << "Key not
possible. n";
}
else
{
cout << setw(7) << left << count << "Possible.";
cout << setw(16) << left << " ";
temp = characters;
caesar(temp, symbols, count, true);
for(i = 0; i < (int)temp.size() - 1; i++)
{
cout << temp.at(i);
}
cout << "n";
}
}
cout << "nnn";
return 0;
}
int last_key(vector<bool> list)
{
int key = 0;
int i;

38. for(i = 0; i < (int)list.size(); i++)
{
if(list.at(i) == true)
{
key = i;
}
}
return key;
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
==================
Program Overview: This program is designed to take an input
file, translate it to an appropriate Ceaser cipher
and then to take metrics on the resulting application of data
that is input from the tranlation output file.
Set theoretic estimations for sets are then applied to the
information that results and predictions of the
correct shift are then made as each set of rule based sets is
specified and applied to the problem.
Variables:
Functions Called: createinput(ifile, ofile)
createciphter(key, ifile, ofile)
Command Line Variables: -k int Sets the key
offset

39. -off int Sets the
offset in the file
-l int Sets the
length of the file to process
-m float Sets the
value of the metric error
-i string Sets the
input file path, file name without extender - assumed to be .txt
-o string Sets the
output file path, no file name - just path
-stopchar Sets the stop
criterion: l for length, m for metric error
===============================================
===============================================
=================*/
/*==============================================
===============================================
==================
Assumptions about the Ceaser Cipher:
1. The corpus is in English only
2. The input contains only alphabetic charaters - there are no
spaces
===============================================
===============================================
=================*/
// Start with the inclusion of libraries
#include <iostream> //The library of io functions
#include <fstream> //The library of external stream functions
#include <cstdlib> //The library for external errors
#include <string> //The library for string functions
#include <cmath> //The library of C math functions
#include <iomanip> //Allows setting widths, etc. for I/O
#include <stdlib.h>

40. #include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;
// Define all of the prototypes for functions used in the program
// Counts the number of unique letters seen
int countunique(int *array, int size);
// Creates the input file and formats it for use by the cipher
section.
void createinput(string ifile, string ofile);
// Creates the encoded input file
void createcipher(int key, string ifile, string ofile);
// Finds and counts the number of digrams
int digram(int *pointer, string ifile);
// Counts the letter frequency in the encoded input file
int lettercount(int*, string ifile, string ofile);
// Finds the highest count in the singlton (or any other) array
int singleton(int*, int size);
// Trims an input file to the right size starting at an offset
void trimfile(string ifile, string ofile, int offset, int size);
// Begin the main function for testing
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int count=0;
int second=0;
int singlefreq[26];

41. int *single=singlefreq;
int delta;
int loop; //The loop counter for arguments
int final=0;
int totalcnt;
int key = -1; //Sets the key value
int len = 0; //The length to investigate for testing
int off; //Holds the offset into the file
double m; //Holds the metric error value
double mi = 26; //Figures m_i
char loopletter;
float percent;
float temp; //A temporary variable
string ifile1="";
string ofile1="";
string deflt =
"c:dissertationShiftandSubcipherC++filesclean.txt";
string ifile2="";
string ofile2=""; //Holds selected file path names
string cmdarg; //Holds the command line argument
string stop="l"; //Gives the stop condition,
assumes l
string reportfile = "c:dissertationtestreport.txt";
ofstream outs; //Declare an output stream for
reporting
int digramc[676]; //Set up the digram array
int *two = digramc; //Point to the digram array
int dicount=0; //Holds the count of the number of
digrams

42. int total=0; //Counts the total number of letters
seen for analysis
for(loop=1;loop<argc;loop++)
//Decide if we have arguments or must use defaults
{
if(!argv[1])
{
// cout << "No argument found.n";
ifile1 = deflt;
}
else
{
cmdarg = argv[loop];
if(cmdarg=="-k")
{
loop++;
key = atoi(argv[loop]);
// cout << "key = " << key << endl;
}
if(cmdarg=="-l")
{
loop++;
len = atoi(argv[loop]);
// cout << "Run for " << len << "
characters.n";
}
if(cmdarg=="-m")
{
loop++;
m = atof(argv[loop]);
// cout << "Run until an error less than or
equal to " << m << "n";
}
if(cmdarg=="-off")

43. {
loop++;
off = atoi(argv[loop]);
// cout << "Start the analysis " << off << "
characters into the file.n";
}
if(cmdarg=="-stop")
{
loop++;
stop = argv[loop];
// cout << "Stop for " << stop << "n";
}
if(cmdarg=="-i")
{
loop++;
ifile2 = argv[loop];
// cout << "Using input file " << ifile2 <<
"n";
}
if(cmdarg=="-o")
{
loop++;
ofile2 = argv[loop];
// cout << "Using output file " << ofile2 <<
endl;
}
}
}
for(count=0;count<26;count++) //Initialize the
frequency arrays to no count
{
singlefreq[count] = 0;
}
for(count=0;count<676;count++) //Initialize the digram

44. array to no count
{
digramc[count] = 0;
}
createinput(ifile2, ofile2);
createcipher(key, ofile2, ofile2);
// cout << ofile2 << endl;
outs.open(reportfile.c_str(),ios::app); // Open the output
stream as a binary input stream
if(outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << reportfile
<< " for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nOpened the file " << reportfile <<
".n";
}
// cout << "While " << mi << ">" << m << endl;
while(mi > m)
{
trimfile(ofile2,ofile2,off,len);
totalcnt = lettercount(single, ofile2, ofile2);
// cout << "Total count = " << totalcnt << "nn";
for(count=0;count<26;count++)
{
loopletter = 97 + count;
if(totalcnt==0) //Used the first time through
the loop when totalcnt = 0

45. {
totalcnt++;
}
percent = (singlefreq[count]*100/totalcnt);
// cout << "For the letter " << loopletter << ", the
count = " << setw(10) << setfill('-') << singlefreq[count]
// << " " << setw(4) << percent << "%" <<
endl;
total = total + singlefreq[count];
}
// cout << "Total number of letters analyzed " <<
setw(10) << setfill('-') << total << endl;
total = 0;
delta = singleton(single, 26);
final = delta;
delta = delta + 97;
// cout << endl << endl << "The letter E is most likely
offset to " << char(delta) << endl;
if(final < 5)
{
final = final + 22;
}
else{
final = final - 4;
}
// cout << "This corresponds to a shift of " << final <<
"nnn";
temp = float(countunique(single,26));
if(temp == 0) //Eliminates errors
first time through the loop
{
temp = temp + 1;
}

46. mi = float(abs(final - key))/temp;
// cout << "mi = " << mi << " and m = " << m << endl;
// cout << "Testing for " << len << " letter(s). nnn";
// outs << ifile2 << "," << off << "," << key << ","
<<final << "," << len << "," << mi << "," << m << endl;
len++;
}
// cout << "Out of the loopnn";
// dicount=digram(two, ofile2);
outs << ifile2 << "," << key << "," << final << "," << len
<< "," << off << "," << m << endl;
outs.close();
return 0;
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function createinput(ifile, ofile)
Created 9/25/2003
Function Overview: Takes in a text file and reads input data,
removing all non-alphabetic characters. Here it
is assumed that the characters in the file are intended for
use as the corpus of the cipher translation. All
spaces are removed, and then all instances of upper case
letters are translated to lower case in order to make
the data consistant.

47. Variables used:
ch char Holds the character read in and
manipulated for later use
count int Holds the count of the number of words
read
table string Holds the value of in input variable for
reading a file input
tablein string Holds the value of a string used for a file
outfile Holds the string value of an ouput file
singlefreq Holds the counts of letters in the file to be
processed
single Pointer to the singlefreq structure
Functions called: None
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
void createinput(string ifile, string ofile)
{
char ch;
int val = 1;
int count = 0;
// Give the default location of the file containing the data to be
read in
string table = "c:dissertationdata.txt"; // Set up a
default file for input
string tablein;
string outfile = "c:dissertationout.txt"; // Set up a
default file for output
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream

48. // cout << "In createinputn";
if(ifile!="")
{
// cout << "Forming the filename with exentedern";
tablein = ifile + ".txt";
// cout << "Creating clean file from " << tablein <<
endl;
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}
if(tablein != "i")
{
table = tablein;
}
ins.open(table.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if(ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nOpened the file " << table << ".n";
}
// cout << "Have ofile as " << ofile << endl;
if(ofile!="")
{
outfile = ofile + "out.txt";

49. // cout << "Creating outfile as " << outfile << endl;
}
outs.open(outfile.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the output
stream as a binary input stream
if(outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << outfile << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nOpened the file " << outfile << ".n";
}
ins >> ch;
// cout << ch; //<< "n";
while(!ins.eof()){
if(((ch >= 65) && (ch < 91)) || ((ch >= 97) && (ch <
123))) //Check if this is an alpha character
{
if((ch >= 65) && (ch < 91))
{
ch = ch + 32;
}
// std::cout << ch; // << "n";
outs << ch;
count++;
}
// std::cout << count << "n";
ins >> ch;
};
// std::cout << "nnFinal charater count = " << count
<<"nnn";

50. ins.close(); // Close the input stream
// cout << "nClosed input file " << table << ".n";
outs.close(); // Close the output file stream
// cout << "nClosed output file " << outfile << ".nnn";
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function createcipher(int key, string ifile, string ofile)
Created 9/25/2003
Function Overview: Takes a text input file and translates it
into a Ceaser Cipher output that is shifted by
modulo 26 of the input value.
Variables used:
ch char Holds the character read in and
manipulated for later use
offset int Holds the modulo offset for encoding
val int Used as a flag for a while loop
table string Holds the value of in input variable for
reading a file input
tablein string Holds the value of a string used for a file
outfile Holds the string value of an ouput file
Functions called: None
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
void createcipher(int key, string ifile, string ofile)

51. {
unsigned char ch; //Unsigned because going over 128 in
ASCII during a calculation results in a negative number
// and the ASCII number will
then appear as negative if the offset added to the letter
// representation is greater than
127 Hex.
int offset;
int val = 0;
// cout << "Read in a key value of: " << key << endl;
// Give the default location of the file containing the data to be
read in
string table = "c:dissertationout.txt"; // Set up a default
file for input
string tablein;
string outfile = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for output
string keys;
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream
// cout << "In createciphern";
if(ifile!="")
{
tablein = ifile + "out.txt";
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}
if(tablein != "i")

52. {
table = tablein;
}
ins.open(table.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if(ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nOpened the file " << table << ".n";
}
if(ofile!="")
{
outfile = ofile + "cipher" + ".txt";
}
outs.open(outfile.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the output
stream as a binary input stream
if(outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << outfile << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nOpened the file " << outfile << ".n";
}
if(key==-1)
{
while(val == 0)

53. {
cout << "nnPlease input the shift for the cipher
(from 1 to 25): ";
cin >> offset;
if((offset >= 1) && (offset < 26))
{
cout << "nnYou have entered an offset of
" << offset << ".nnn";
val = 1;
}
else
{
cout << "You have entered an invalid
number, you will be prompted again for the right input
value.n";
}
};
}
else
{
offset = key;
}
ins >> ch;
ch = ch + offset;
// cout << ch; //<< "n";
while(!ins.eof()){
if(ch > 'z') //Check if this is an alpha character
{
ch = ch - 26;
// cout << ch;
}
// std::cout << ch << " " << int(ch) << " " << offset <<"
" << ch+offset <<" ;"; // << "n";
outs << ch;
ins >> ch;

54. ch = ch + offset;
};
ins.close(); // Close the input stream
// cout << "nnClosed input file " << table << ".n";
outs.close(); // Close the output file stream
// cout << "nClosed output file " << outfile << ".nnn";
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function lettercount(int *pointer)
Created 9/25/2003
Function Overview: Takes an input file and counts all of the
letters that are found in the file. This function
assumes that the input file contains
ONLY ASCII values for lower case letters. It uses a
pointer that directs the function to
the first storage location of an array that will
contain slots for each character in
the alphabet. It then reads in each value and increments
the counter for each letter as it
recognizes the letter. Note that the offset of the letter
read from 'a' is calculated and used
as the array index.
Variables used:
char target Holds the character read in and
manipulated for later use

55. offset int Holds the array offset for incrementing the
count in the array
lettercount int Contains the total number of letters in the
file
pointer int* Points to the location of the array for letter
counts
table string Holds the value of in input variable for
reading a file input
tablein string Holds the value of a string used for a file
outfile Holds the string value of an ouput file
Functions called: None
Notes: Lower case letters are found from ASCII 97 ('a') to
ASCII 122 ('z')
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
int lettercount(int *pointer, string ifile, string ofile)
{
int lettercount=0;
int offset;
char target;
// Give the default location of the file containing the data to be
read in
string table = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for input
string tablein;
// string outfile = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for output
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
// ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream

56. // cout << "In lettercountn";
if(ifile!="")
{
tablein = ifile + "newcipher.txt";
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}
if(tablein != "i")
{
table = tablein;
}
// cout << "Counting from the file " << table << endl;
ins.open(table.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if(ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nnOpened the file " << table << ".n";
}
ins>>target;
while(!ins.eof())
{
// cout << target << "n";
lettercount = lettercount + 1;
offset = target - 97;

57. // cout << offset << endl;
pointer[offset]++;
// cout << pointer[offset] << endl;
ins>>target;
};
// cout << "Total " << setw(7) << setfill('-') << lettercount
<< endl;
ins.close();
// cout << lettercount << endl;
return lettercount;
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function singleton(int *pointer, int size)
Created 9/25/2003
Function Overview: Takes an input array and finds the
greatest count from among the input values. This function
will input an arbitrary sized array
and goes from the first location, pointed to by the pointer
and successively checks each value.
It runs in order n time.
Variables used:
loop int Holds the loop count
highest int Holds the highest count found in the
array
tempcnt int Contains the number read by the count
going through the array at that time
pointer int* Points to the location of the array for

58. counts
offset int Holds the value of the letter what was
found to have the highest count.
Functions called: None
Notes: Lower case letters are found from ASCII 97 ('a') to
ASCII 122 ('z')
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
int singleton(int *letter, int size)
{
int loop = 0;
int highest = 0; //Holds the highest letter count to date in
the loop
int tempval = 0; //Holds the present value for the letter
count
int offset = 0; //Holds the letter offset for the highest
value
/* Loop from the first spot in the array to the final spot, as
given by size,
and check the value of the letter frequency for that
particular encoded letter.
If the value is the highest yet seen, then record that
value and the offset.
*/
for(loop=0;loop<size;loop++)
{
tempval = letter[loop];
if(tempval > highest)
{
highest = tempval;

59. offset = loop;
}
}
return offset;
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function digram(pointer, ifile)
Created 9/25/2003
Function Overview:
Variables used:
ch char Holds the character read in and
manipulated for later use
Functions called: None
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
int digram(int *pointer, string ifile)
{
int lettercount=0;
int offset1, offset2;
int index;
int let1offset,let2offset;
char target;
char target2;
// Give the default location of the file containing the data to be
read in

60. string table = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for input
string tablein;
// string outfile = "c:dissertationcipher.txt"; // Set up a
default file for output
ifstream ins; // Declare ins an input stream
// ofstream outs; // Declare outs and output stream
// cout << "In digramn";
if(ifile!="")
{
tablein = ifile + "cipher.txt";
}
else
{
tablein = "i";
}
if(tablein != "i")
{
table = tablein;
}
ins.open(table.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if(ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << table << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nnOpened the file " << table << ".n";
}

61. ins>>target;
ins>>target2;
// cout << target << target2;
while(!ins.eof())
{
// cout << target << "n";
lettercount = lettercount + 1;
// offset = target - 97;
// cout << offset << endl;
// pointer[offset]++;
// cout << pointer[offset] << endl;
target = target2;
ins>>target2;
offset1 = target - 97;
offset2 = target2 - 97;
index = (offset1*26) + offset2;
// cout << target << target2 << endl;
// cout << offset1 << " " << offset2 << " " << index
<< endl;
pointer[index]++;
};
ins.close();
// cout << lettercount << endl;
/* for(offset1=0;offset1<677;offset1++)
{
target2 = (offset1 % 26) + 97;
target = ((offset1 - target2 - 97)/26) + 97;
cout << "Number of " << target << target2 << " = "
<< pointer[offset1] << endl;
}
*/
cout << "nn";
offset2 = singleton(pointer,676);
// cout << offset2 << endl << endl;

62. let2offset = (offset2 % 26);
let1offset = ((offset2 - let2offset))/26;
if(let1offset < 19)
{
let1offset = let1offset + 7;
}
else
{
let1offset = let1offset - 19;
}
if(let2offset < 8)
{
let2offset = let2offset + 19;
}
else
{
let2offset = let2offset - 7;
}
// cout << "Calculated the first digram letter offset to be " <<
let1offset << endl;
// cout << "Calculated the second digram letter offset to be "
<< let2offset << endl << endl;
return lettercount;
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function countunique(*array, size)
Created 8/4/05

63. Function Overview: Counts the number of unique elements
stored in an array of size 'size' located at 'array'.
Each non zero count indicates that an element exists.
Variables used:
Name Type Use
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
*array int Points to the location of the array in
memory
size int The size of the array for counting
cnt int The number of non zero array
locations (and hence the number of unique elements seen)
loop int An internal loop counter
Functions called: None
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
int countunique(int *array, int size)
{
int cnt=0; //Number of unique letters seen
int loop; //Loop counter
for(loop=0;loop<size;loop++)
{
if(array[loop]>0)
{
cnt++;
}
}
return cnt;
}

64. /*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function trimfile(ifile, ofile, offset, size)
Created 8/4/05
Function Overview: Reads in a file, then trims the file starting
at the 'offset' for 'size' characters and puts
the result in ofile.
Variables used:
Name Type Use
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
cnt int A loop counter
ifile string Holds the input file path
letter char Holds the letter read from the input file
loop int A loop counter
offset int Holds the offset for the first letter of
the resulting file
ofile string Holds the output file path
size int Holds the size of the final file, in symbols
Functions called: None
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
void trimfile(string ifile, string ofile, int offset, int size)
{
int loop, cnt; //Loop counters
char letter; //Holds the letter from the input file
string cutfile; //The file to cut
string finalfile; //The final cut from the file

65. ifstream ins; //Declare the input stream
ofstream outs; //Declare an output stream
// cout << "In trimfilen";
cutfile = ifile + "cipher.txt";
finalfile = ofile + "newcipher.txt";
// cout << ifile << " " << ofile << endl << endl;
// cout << cutfile << " " << finalfile << endl;
ins.open(cutfile.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if(ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << cutfile << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nnOpened the file " << cutfile <<
".n";
}
outs.open(finalfile.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the output
stream as a binary input stream
if(outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << finalfile <<
" for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
// std::cout << "nOpened the file " << finalfile <<

66. ".n";
}
for(cnt=0;cnt<offset;cnt++)
{
// cout << cnt << endl;
ins >> letter;
// outs<< letter;
}
if(size!=-1)
{
for(loop=0;loop<size;loop++)
{
ins >> letter;
outs << letter;
// cout << cnt << " " << loop << " " << letter <<
endl;
}
}
else
{
while(!ins.eof())
{
ins >> letter;
outs << letter;
}
}
ins.close();
outs.close();
}

67. /*==============================================
===============================================
====================
Function name(i/o list)
Created date
Function Overview: Takes in a text file and reads input data,
removing all non-alphabetic characters. Here it
is assumed that the characters in the file are intended for
use as the corpus of the cipher translation. All
spaces are removed, and then all instances of upper case
letters are translated to lower case in order to make
the data consistant.
Variables used:
Name Type Use
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
Functions called: None
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
Program Overview:
Variables:
Functions Called:
NONE
===============================================

68. ===============================================
=================*/
/*==============================================
===============================================
==================
Assumptions about the arguments
1. Arguments input are specified with a single "", such as
c:dissertationcipher.txt
2. All files are of the type - txt
3. All files are found in c:dissertation
===============================================
===============================================
=================*/
// Start with the inclusion of libraries
#include <iostream> //The library of io functions
#include <fstream> //The library of external stream functions
#include <cstdlib> //The library for external errors
#include <string> //The library for string functions
#include <cmath> //The library of C math functions
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iomanip>
#include <time.h> //The clock timing function
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
//Function prototypes
char cleancharinfile(char letter);
string decryptfileshift(string& file, int key);
string decryptshift(char letter, int key);
string encryptshift(char letter, int key);
bool is_allowed(string mgram, vector<string>& alloweds);

69. void pause(string place); //Pauses the program for the user
void printvectorstring(vector<string>& data);
void readalloweds(string file, vector<string>& mgrams);
void timestampout(time_t start);
void timestampout(time_t start, ofstream& outs);
//The main function with command line arguments
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
int charcount = 0;
int dot = 10000; // Print out a character for every
number of dot characters
int key;
int alpha;
int t;
int keycount = 25;
int foundkey;
int keypossible[26] =
{0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1};
char letter;
char dateStr[9];
char timeStr[9];
ifstream ins; //The input stream
ofstream outs; //The output stream
string concat;
string file;
string deflt = "..data.txt"; //The default input file
string ofile1 = "..cipher.txt"; //The default output file
string ifile1;
//Holds the input filename read
string cmdarg;
string threegram;
string fivegram;

70. string filefrag;
string goodfilefrag;
string recordfile;
vector<string> threes;
vector<string> fives;
//Decide if we have arguments or must use defaults
if(argc == 1)
{
// cout << "No argument found.n";
ifile1 = deflt;
}
else
{
for(int loop=1; loop < argc; loop++)
{
cmdarg = argv[loop];
// cout << cmdarg << endl;
if(cmdarg == "-k")
{
loop++;
key = atoi(argv[loop]);
}
if(cmdarg == "-i")
{
loop++;
ifile1 = argv[loop];
}
if(cmdarg == "-o")
{
loop++;
ofile1 = argv[loop];
// cout << "Output file is " << ofile1 << endl;
}
}

71. }
ins.open(ifile1.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the input
stream as a binary input stream
if(ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << ifile1 << "
for reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << ifile1 << ".n";
}
srand((unsigned)time(0));
key = (rand() % 25) + 1;
cout << "Key is " << key << endl;
cout << "Get filen";
ins >> letter;
charcount = 0;
while(!ins.eof()){
// cout << letter;
letter = cleancharinfile(letter);
concat = encryptshift(letter, key);
file = file + concat;
if(charcount % dot == 0){
cout << ".";
}
ins >> letter;
charcount++;
}
cout << endl << endl;

72. //Read in 3 grams
readalloweds("../allowed3.bin", threes);
//Read in 5 grams
readalloweds("../allowed5.bin", fives);
// cout << file << endl << endl;
time_t seconds_start;
time_t time_now;
time_t start,now,end;
cout << "Start timingn";
seconds_start = time (NULL);
time(&start);
now = time(NULL);
strftime(dateStr, 9, "%m/%d/%y", localtime(&now));
strftime(timeStr, 9, "%H:%M:%S", localtime(&now));
cout << "The date is " << dateStr << " and the time is " <<
timeStr << endl;
strftime(dateStr, 9, "%m-%d-%y", localtime(&now));
recordfile = dateStr;
strftime(timeStr, 9, "%H %M %S", localtime(&now));
recordfile = recordfile + " " + timeStr;
time_t rawtime;
time_t seco;
struct tm * timeinfo;
time ( &rawtime );
timeinfo = localtime ( &rawtime );
string strdata;
string timestamp;
strdata = asctime(timeinfo);
cout << strdata << endl;
recordfile = recordfile +".bin";

73. cout << recordfile << endl;
outs.open(recordfile.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the
output stream as a binary input stream
if(outs.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << recordfile
<< " for writing.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the output file " << recordfile
<< ".n";
}
cout << "Begin the loopn";
while(keycount > 1){
for(int loopcntr = 1;loopcntr < file.length();
loopcntr++){
filefrag = file.substr(0,loopcntr);
if(keycount > 1){
for(alpha = 1; alpha < 26; alpha++){
//alpha is the key being checked
if(keypossible[alpha] == 1){
// cout << "Decrypt the message
with the key under consideration. Key of " << alpha << "n";
string ans =
decryptfileshift(filefrag,alpha);
goodfilefrag = ans;
if(ans.length() >= 3){
// cout << "Form 3-gramn";
threegram =
ans.substr(ans.length()-3,3);
// cout << threegram << endl;

74. if(!is_allowed(threegram,threes)){
keypossible[alpha] =
0;
// cout << "Eliminated
key " << alpha << " from consideration.n";
keycount = keycount -
1;
}
}
if((ans.length() >= 5) &&
(keypossible[alpha] == 1)){
// cout << "Form 5-gramn";
fivegram =
ans.substr(ans.length()-5,5);
// cout << fivegram << endl;
if(!is_allowed(fivegram,fives)){
keypossible[alpha] =
0;
// cout << "Eliminated
key " << alpha << " from consideration.n";
keycount = keycount -
1;
}
}
// cout << keycount << endl;
// cout << ans << endl;
}
}
}
else{
break;
}
}
}

75. cout << "End timingn";
now = time(NULL);
time(&end);
double elapsed = difftime(end,start);
cout << "Run time is " << elapsed
*1000/CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl;
t = clock();
cout << "Time from clock = " <<
(float)t/CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " seconds." << endl;
strdata = asctime(timeinfo);
cout << strdata << endl;
cout << "Record resultsn";
cout << "Report resultsn";
for(int loop = 1; loop < 26; loop++){
if(keypossible[loop] == 1){
foundkey = loop;
}
}
//Data written out as sucess,key,key found,number of chars
to solve,input filename,time to solve
if(key == foundkey){
cout << "Correct Key Found! Found key " <<
foundkey << " in " << goodfilefrag.length() - 1 << "
characters.n";
outs << "1," << key << "," << foundkey << "," <<
goodfilefrag.length()-1 << "," << ifile1 << "," << elapsed
*1000/CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl;
}
else{
cout << "Incorrect Key Found! Found key " <<
foundkey << " instead of " << key << " in " <<
goodfilefrag.length() - 1 << " characters.n";
outs << "0," << key << "," << foundkey << "," <<

76. goodfilefrag.length()-1 << "," << ifile1 << "," << elapsed
*1000/CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl;
}
//Close the input and output files
ins.close();
outs.close();
cout << "Closed the files, this program is done.n";
return 0;
}
/*==============================================
===============================================
===================
End of main program
===============================================
===============================================
====================*/
string decryptshift(char letter, int key)
{
int newletter;
string eletter = "";
newletter = int(letter) - key;
if(newletter < 97){
newletter = newletter + 26;
}
if(newletter >= 97 && newletter <= 122){
eletter = char(newletter);
}
return eletter;

77. }
string decryptfileshift(string& file, int key)
{
int loop;
string dfile;
for(loop = 0;loop < file.length(); loop++){
// cout << file[loop] << endl;
dfile = dfile + decryptshift(file[loop],key);
}
return dfile;
}
string encryptshift(char letter, int key)
{
int newletter;
string eletter = "";
newletter = int(letter) + key;
if(newletter > 122){
newletter = newletter - 26;
}
if(newletter >= 97 && newletter <= 122){
eletter = char(newletter);
}
return eletter;
}
char cleancharinfile(char letter)

78. {
char symbol;
char concat;
symbol = tolower(letter);
if((int(symbol) >= 97) && (int(symbol) <= 122)){
concat = symbol;
}
else{
concat = char("");
}
return concat;
}
bool is_allowed(string mgram, vector<string>& alloweds)
{
bool success = false;
vector<string>::iterator ptr;
for(ptr = alloweds.begin(); ptr < alloweds.end(); ptr++){
if(*ptr == mgram){
success = true;
break;
}
if(*ptr > mgram){
break;
}
}
return success;
}
/*==============================================
===============================================

79. ====================
Function void pause(string place)
Created 9/25/2003
Function Overview: Writes the message out to the user found
in the input argument. Then wait for a non-whitespace
character. When received, continue program execution.
This function is normally used in debug to give data to
the user and to stop the program until the user wishes to
continue.
Variables used:
dummy char Holds the non-whitespace character to be
entered
place string The message to send to the user
Functions called: None
===============================================
===============================================
=====================*/
void pause(string place)
{
char dummy;
//Write a message out to the user, prompt the user for
an input. When the user enters a non-whitespace
// character, continue execution of the program.
cout << endl << endl;
cout << "This is a planned pause. "<< place << "nnEnter
a non-whitespace character here. -> ";
cin>>dummy;
cout << endl << endl << endl;
}

80. void printvectorstring(vector<string>& data)
{
vector<string>::iterator ptr;
for(ptr = data.begin(); ptr < data.end(); ptr++){
cout << *ptr << endl;
}
}
void readalloweds(string file, vector<string>& mgrams)
{
int count = 0;
string gram;
ifstream ins;
ins.open(file.c_str(),ios::binary); // Open the input stream
as a binary input stream
if(ins.fail()) // If the input stream cannot open, report it
then close the program
{
cerr << "nn ERROR - Cannot open " << file << " for
reading.n";
// return EXIT_FAILURE; //failure return
}
else {
std::cout << "nOpened the file " << file << ".n";
}
ins >> gram;
while(!ins.eof()){
mgrams.push_back(gram);
if(count % 10000 == 0){
cout << ".";
}

81. ins >> gram;
count++;
}
cout << endl;
ins.close();
// printvectorstring(mgrams);
}
void timestampout(time_t start, ofstream& outs)
{
int hours, min, sec;
time_t now;
time(&now);
char dateStr[9];
char timeStr[9];
now = time(NULL);
strftime(dateStr, 9, "%m/%d/%y", localtime(&now));
strftime(timeStr, 9, "%H:%M:%S", localtime(&now));
cout << "The date is " << dateStr << " and the time is " <<
timeStr << endl;
outs << "The date is " << dateStr << " and the time is " <<
timeStr << endl;
hours = difftime(now,start)/3600;
min = (difftime(now,start) - (hours*3600))/60;
sec = difftime(now,start) - (hours*3600) - (min*60);
cout << "Program has run for " << difftime(now,start) << "
seconds. Or " << hours << " hour(s), " << min << " minute(s),
and " << sec << " second(s).n";
outs << "Program has run for " << difftime(now,start) << "
seconds. Or " << hours << " hour(s), " << min << " minute(s),
and " << sec << " second(s).n";

82. int t = clock();
cout << "Time from clock = " <<
(float)t/CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " seconds." << endl;
}
void timestampout(time_t start)
{
int hours, min, sec, msec;
time_t now;
time(&now);
char dateStr[9];
char timeStr[9];
now = time(NULL);
strftime(dateStr, 9, "%m/%d/%y", localtime(&now));
strftime(timeStr, 9, "%H:%M:%S", localtime(&now));
cout << "The date is " << dateStr << " and the time is " <<
timeStr << endl;
hours = difftime(now,start)/3600;
min = (difftime(now,start) - (hours*3600))/60;
sec = difftime(now,start) - (hours*3600) - (min*60);
msec = difftime(now,start) - (hours*3600) - (min*60) -
(sec*60);
cout << "Program has run for " << difftime(now,start) << "
seconds. Or " << hours << " hour(s), " << min << " minute(s),
and " << sec << " second(s).n";
// cout << "milliseconds = " << msec << endl;
}
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raq
Hellos need help with writing a code to break a file in Caesar
cipher. However , i got a couple of source file you can look at
and copy (put together ) the codes in one file meeting the
requirements for the Caesar cipher then report how many weird
characters or wrong words in the input file . Attached is a
flowchart showing how the program will work please only do
the Caesar Cipher on the left side.

94. ok so what you need to do is look at the four file source , each
file does something different but at the same time they do a
little bit of Caesar Cipher and other things, so you need to look
at them and create a program that meets the flowchart. You need
to read in a file called ciphershift, break the coded words in the
file , to break them you need to know how mnay shifts by
testing the number of shifts, from 0 to 26 ( the number of letters
) by actually puting the number of shifts in the code. then look
for any words that are not making since or don't exist in the
dictionary, then report it in an outputfile or something. Let me
know if you got any questions.
I got the source file but it is not complete , I just need you to
complete it from the four source files please
The input file name is ciphershift.txt
Start
Read in File
Load Library of
letters for key
Load Illegal
words
Rotate key
Decrypt loaded
file
Were there illegal words?

95. Compare
decrypted file
with illegal
words
Yes
Found solution
<--Caesar Cipher
Sub Cipher -->
Start
Read in File
Load Illegal
words
Randomly map
letters to letters
for our key
Decrypt original
file
Compare
decryped file
with illegal
words
Were there illegal words?

96. Yes
Found solution