Heavy Metal Pollution

1. By-
Manish Sahu
M.Sc. Chemistry (Final)
Sp.- Physical Chemistry

2.  INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 METALS AND THEIR TOXICITY
 TYPES OF TOXICOLOGY
 TOXICITY OF METALS
 EXAMPLES OF METAL TOXICITY
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. • INTRODUCTION
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants
into the natural environment that cause adverse
change.
Toxic heavy metals in air, soil, and water are
global problems that are a growing threat to the
environment.

4. • DEFINITION
Heavy - metal pollution an environment
pollution by metals with a high relative atomic
mass, such as lead and mercury.
These metals derive from a number of source,
including lead in petrol, industrial effluents and
leaching of metal ions from the soil into lakes
and rivers by acid rain.

5. • METALS AND THEIR TOXICITY
The power of toxicity varies from metal to
metal.
A branch of science which deals with the study
of adverse and harmful effects of chemical
agents on any biological system.

6. • TYPES OF TOXICOLOGY
Divided into five categories :-
1. Clinical toxicology
2. Industrial toxicology
3. Forensic toxicology
4. Environment toxicology
5. Economic toxicology

7. • TOXICITY OF METALS
Toxicity of a metal depends on the inherent
capacity of a metal to affect adversely any
biological activity.
Toxic metal changes the biological structure and
system of the living organism and also cause
deformity in the body or finally even death.

8. 1. CADMIUM :-
OCCURENCE :- Cadmium does not exist free in nature and
there is no specific ore from which it can be obtained.
In plant and sea animals cadmium is found in trace
amounts.
In wheat and rice cadmium is present in appreciable
amount.
Cigarette tobacco contains 70 % cadmium content
(Cd) - A.N. = 48
A.M. = 112.41

9. • USES :-
1. Cadmium is used in industries as protective
coating for iron steel & copper.
2. Cu – Cd alloys are used for manufacturing
telephone wires.
3. In electronic equipment's Ni – Cd batteries are
used.

10. • TOXICITY AND DISEASE :-
Cd
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Abdominal pains
Hypertension
Coughing
Deformity in
bones

11. • LEAD (Pb) :-
OCCURENCE :- In the nature lead is found in
bound form of ores.
Lead is found in all living organism. In a human
body about 96% lead is present in the bones.
The concentration of lead increases with age, as
the human body is 120 mg lead but it may
increase upto 400 mg. lead is not essential metal
for mammalians.
(Pb) - A.N. = 82
A.M. = 207.2

12. • USES :-
Lead is usually deposit in bones and some soft
tissues. It is also retained by animals in liver,
kidney, muscles etc.

13. • TOXICITY AND DISEASE :-
Pb
Anemia
Truble in urine
system
Changes in bone
marrow
Irritability
Abdominal pain
Headache

14. • MERCURY (Hg) :-
OCCURENCE :-Mercury occurs as native metal
mixed with its ores. the human body contains
about 13 mg mercury , 70% of which is present
in muscle tissues.
In human body mercury is found in kidney ,
liver , intestinal and colon walls , brain , heart ,
lungs , muscles and skin.
(Hg) - A.N. = 80
A.M. = 200.6

15. • TOXICITY AND DISEASES :-
Mercury and its salts are severe health hazards.
Mercury is very toxic in nature
Its amount is more than 100 mg causes body disorders.
Mercury compound as well as its vapours are harmful
for human body. Inorganic form of mercury is also
injurious to health.

16. • TOXICITY AND DISEASE :-
Pain in
chest
HgDiarrhoea
Hemolysis
Difficulty in
breathing
Abdominal pain
Headache

17. • CONCLUSION :-
 Thus , metals with density more than 5 g/cm³ are the
major environmental pollutants referred as heavy
metal.
 The heavy metal pollution is of major concern because
like most organic pollutants the metals are not
biodegradable or perishable.