1. Disaster Management

2. Thought of the Day
“KUN FAYAKUN”
is an Arabic phrase in
Quran
It means
The Lord says
“Be, and it is”
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3. Terms
Capacity
• A combination of all the strengths and resources available within a
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or the
effects of a disaster.
Disaster
• A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society causing
widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses which
exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its
own resources. It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of
vulnerability and insufficient capacity to reduce the potential negative
consequences of risk.
Disaster risk management (DRM)
• The comprehensive approach to reduce the adverse impacts of a disaster.
DRM encompasses all actions taken before, during, and after the disasters.
It includes activities on mitigation, preparedness, emergency
response, recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
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4. Terms
Disaster risk reduction (DRR)/disaster reduction
• The measures aimed to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout
a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the
adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable
development.
Early warning
• The provision of timely and effective information, through identified
institutions, to communities and individuals so that they can take action to
reduce their risks and prepare for effective response.
Emergency
• An event, usually sudden, that puts at risk the life or well being of at least one
person.
Forecast
• Estimate of the occurrence of a future event (UNESCO, WMO). This term is
used with different meanings in different disciplines.
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5. Terms
Meteorological disaster
• Disasters resulting from meteorological phenomena, such as
floods, cyclones, droughts, glacial lake outbursts, landslides due to heavy rain
and avalanches.
Risk assessment/analysis
• A methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk by analyzing
potential hazards and evaluating existing vulnerability that could pose a
potential threat to people, property, livelihoods and the environment.
Sustainable development
• Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Vulnerability
• The conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental
factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community or
society to the impact of hazards.
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6. CATASTROPHE
“… any natural or manmade incident, including
terrorism, that results in extraordinary levels of
mass casualties, damage, or disruption severely
affecting the
population, infrastructure, environment, econo
my, national morale, and/or government
functions.”
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7. Continuum of Magnitude
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Emergency Disaster Catastrophe
Extinction
Level Event

8. Resilience
Resilience is the ability of a
system, community or
society exposed to hazards
to
resist, absorb, accommodat
e and recover from the
effects of a hazard in a
timely and efficient
manner, including through
the preservation and
restoration of its essential
basic structures.
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9. Disaster is an Opportunity
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10. Rising Exposure to Cyclones and
Hurricanes, 2000-2050
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11. Strategic Emergency Management
Plan (SEMP)
The inner circle includes all of the
elements that influence the development
of the SEMP,
such as:
• updates of environmental scans;
• ongoing/regular all-hazards risk
assessments;
• engaged leadership;
• regular training;
• regular exercises; and
• a Capability Improvement Process
(CAIP)—the whole-of-government
approach to the collection and analysis of
government response for exercises and
real events
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12. The Planning Context
• EM-Related Plans
• SEMP
• Operational plans
• Regional EM plans
• Regional operational
plans
• Security plans
• Business continuity
plans
• Inter-agency plans
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13. The Planning Context
• Assessments
• Environmental scans
• Criticality assessments
including data on critical
infrastructure
• Business impact analyses
• Threat assessments
• Vulnerability assessments
• Risk assessments
• All-hazards risk
assessments
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14. Disaster Risk Management Framework
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15. Core Response Management Systems
• Core response
management systems
are similar for most
disaster types.
• It reduces confusion if
all responses have the
same basic
organization.
• It’s less expensive.
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16. Challenges to Decision Making
vs Basic Goals
Challenges to Decision Making
• Where Uncomfortable Officials
• Meet in Unfamiliar Surroundings
• To Play Unaccustomed Roles
• Making Unpopular Decisions
• Based on Inadequate Information
• And in Much Too Little Time
Basic Goals
Standing Orders for All Disasters:
• Establish/re-establish
communication with affected
area.
• Secure and complete search and
rescue.
• Meet basic human needs for
medical
treatment, water, food, shelter, a
nd emergency fuels
• Restore critical infrastructure.
• Open schools and local
businesses.
• Begin the recovery.
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17. Pakistan Earthquake - Oct 2005
A Snapshot Of Scale And Magnitude
• Magnitude : 7.6 on the Richter Scale - 30,000 sq Km
• Affected Area : 30,000 sq Km (Nine Districts – Inhospitable Terrain)
• Human Loss : 73,338 Dead and &128,304 Severely Injured
• Physical Loss:
– 3 .5 Million Rendered Homeless, over 600,000 Houses Destroyed
– 5,344 Education Facilities Destroyed
– 307 Health Facilities Destroyed
– 715 Government Sector Buildings Damaged
– 2,393 Km Roads Damaged
• The Challenge :
– Reconstruction and Rehabilitation of Destroyed Infrastructure (Over 12,000 Projects)
– Renewal of Livelihood, Protection of Environment, Re-establishment of Telecom and Power
Networks and Rehabilitation of Vulnerable Population
– Clearance of Massive Slides and Tons of Rubble
• Colossal Economic Loss Leaving Behind a Reconstruction Bill of over US$ 5 billion
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18. Pakistan Earthquake - Oct 2005
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19. • The earthquake in Haiti
• 12th Jan 2010
• left 1.5 million
homeless
• killed 149,095 people of
which 6300 died in a
potentially preventable
cholera outbreak which
infected a further
450,000 residents
Haiti Earthquake 2010
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20. Floods in Pakistan 2010
• Floods in Pakistan
• July to August 2010
• affected 20 million
people and destroyed
health facilities
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21. Famine in Africa 2011
• The famine in Africa in 2011
• affected 10 million people across
several countries
• Large population displacement created
additional public health challenges to
areas that have poorly developed
health systems
• lack disaster preparedness
• Immediate priorities included –
provision of water, sanitation, shelter
• trained staff to address widespread
acute malnutrition
• surveillance for outbreaks
• vaccine programs for preventable
diseases
• funding
• inter-agency coordination
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22. Earthquake & Tsunami Japan 2011
• The earthquake and tsunami in Japan
• 11th March 2011
• caused destruction of healthcare
facilities
• Initial shortages of food
• Water
• Fuel
• aid materials
• rescue teams to the affected rural
population
• 400,000 people were evacuated to
shelters with no heating in freezing
temperatures
• Japan had invested in disaster
management
• had created a more resilient health
system which continued to function in
spite of the challenges
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23. World’s Costliest Disasters
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24. Economic and Insured Losses
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25. Overall and Insured Losses from
Catastrophes
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26. Economic Losses due to Natural
Catastrophes
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27. Major Disasters since 2010
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28. Disasters Affect Everyone
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29. Disaster Management 29

30. Public Health Emergency Preparedness
The capability of the public
health and health-care
systems, communities, and
individuals to
prevent, protect
against, quickly respond
to, and recover from health
emergencies, particularly
those whose
scale, timing, or
unpredictability threatens to
overwhelm routine
capabilities
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31. Health System Priorities in All-Hazards
Disaster Management WHO
1. Leadership and
governance
• International, national and cross-
boundary systems of
governance, coordination and
response for all hazards disasters
2. Health workforce
• Public health training in disaster
management and evaluation
3. Medical
products, vaccines and
technology
• Stockpiling disaster-related
medications and equipment, and
their distribution
4. Health information
• Communications – inter-
agency, two-way with the public
and the role of the media as part
of disaster management strategy
5. Health financing
• Health finance system and
disaster management funding
issues
6. Service delivery
• Community preparedness
strategies to increase community
resilience
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32. The Complexity Paradigm
• disaster management
problems in the future
will be more complex
• population growth
• climate change
• regulatory requirements
• short-term thinking
must be rejected
• planning over longer
time horizons
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33. The Uncertainty Paradigm
• uncertainty in time
and space
• uncertainty caused by
inherent variability of
physical components
• uncertainty caused by
a fundamental lack of
knowledge
• decrease in disaster
data availability
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34. Sources of Uncertainty
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35. Integrated Disaster Management
Integrated disaster
management is an
iterative process of
decision making regarding
prevention of, response
to, and recovery from, a
disaster.
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36. INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
Mitigation
• long-term planning
• identifying vulnerability
of every part of the
territory to particular
types of hazards
• identification of steps
that should be taken to
minimize the risks
• proactive measures taken
before an emergency or
disaster occurs
Steps can include:
• modifying building codes
to ensure buildings can
withstand earthquake
and high winds
• forbidding building on
land that is prone to
flooding
• Identification of
evacuation procedures
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37. INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
Land Use Planning and
Management
• Promoting appropriate land
use for local conditions
• keeps people and property
out of hazardous areas
• provides more affordable
housing and living
conditions,
• protects the environment
• reduces the costs of growth
and development
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38. INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
Engineering
• state-of-the-art
engineering approaches
• reducing mortality rates
from hazards and
disasters
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39. INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
Building Codes and
Standards
• quality of buildings and
infrastructure is directly
related to loss of life
• Injuries
• financial costs of
disasters
• disaster-resilient
construction
Building codes provide the
minimum acceptable
requirements necessary
(a) to preserve the public
safety, health, and
welfare
(b) to protect the property
and the built
environment
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40. INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
Prediction, Forecast, and
Warning
• effective warning system
comprises four elements
• Failure in any one part
can mean failure of the
whole system
1. Risk knowledge phase
• systematic data collection
and risk assessments
2. Monitoring phase
• development of hazard
monitoring and early
warning services
3. Dissemination and
communication phase
4. Response capability
development phase
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41. INTEGRATED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ACTIVITIES
Insurance
• now available for some
but not all natural
disasters
• now available for some
but not all natural
disasters
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42. Preparedness
• formulating, testing, an
d exercising disaster
plans
• providing training for
disaster responders and
the general public
• communicating with
the public and others
about disaster
vulnerability
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43. Response
• emergency sheltering
• search and rescue
• care of injured
• damage assessment
• emergency measures
• coordination
• communications
• ongoing situation
assessment
• resource mobilization
during emergency period 14,500 meals ready to eat
15,000 liters of water by air
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44. Recovery
• Reconstruction
• Restoration
• Rehabilitation
• Post disaster
development
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45. Disaster Management Acts
• Emergency
Management Act
• National Disaster
Mitigation Strategy
• Joint Emergency
Preparedness Program
• Emergency Response
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46. Systems Thinking and Integrated
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• What is a System?
• S : X → Y
• X is an input vector and
Y is an output vector
• a system is a set of
operations that
transforms input vector
X into output vector Y
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47. Systems Approach to Disaster
Management
• SIMULATION
1. Development of a model of the system,
2. Operation of the model
3. Observation and interpretation of the resulting
outputs
• SYSTEM DYNAMICS SIMULATION
• understanding the system and its
boundaries
• identifying the key variables
• describing the processes that affect
variables through mathematical
relationships,
• mapping the structure of the model, and
• simulating the model for understanding
its behavior
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48. Systems Approach to Disaster
Management
• OPTIMIZATION
• MULTIOBJECTIVE ANALYSIS
• DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT
• Risk analysis, Disaster prevention and
Preparedness for disaster
• COMPUTER SUPPORT:
DECISION SUPPORT
SYSTEMS (DSS)
• Problem identification, Problem
formulation, “What If” capability
(adaptability), Use of analytical models
(facilitation), Use of graphics ( fast response)
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49. Evacuation
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50. The Environmental Health Shelter
Assessment Tool
The Environmental Health Shelter
Assessment Tool is intended to
• Serve as a standardized instrument for
rapidly assessing environmental health
conditions in shelter facilities
• Assist in identifying and prioritizing
health and safety issues in shelters
• Provide shelter management officials
with data and an assessment of
environmental health conditions and
recommendations for improvement
• Capture data and create
documentation for use in future
planning and improvement of
shelters
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51. Supply Chain Management
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52. Disaster Risks
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53. Vulnerability Conceptual Framework
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54. Process Stages in Vulnerability
Assessment
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55. Shifting Approaches In Disaster
Management Bangladesh
• Institutional Restructuring to
Reflect a Shift in Disaster
Management
• Increasing roles and
responsibilities of NGOs
• Developments in the
Institutional Framework:
Introduction to the
Comprehensive Disaster
Management Plan (CDMP)
• Shift from relief and response
to disaster risk management
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56. ISSUES IN FUTURE DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Climate Change
• Temperature Extremes
• Precipitation Extremes
• Drought
• Tropical Cyclones
• Severe Weather Events
• Sea-Level Rise
• Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF)
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57. Integrated Environmental Observation
Network
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58. Tsunami Early Warning Systems
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59. NOAA GOES-13 satellite showing Hurricane Irene
on August 25, 2011 at 10:10 a.m.
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60. Simulation Models
Category 2 Storm
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61. Green vs. Gray Infrastructure Costs
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62. FEMA Trailer Types
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63. Building America Structural Insulated Panel
(BASIP) Homes
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64. Katrina & Kernel Cottages
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65. Three dimensional map rendition of
flooding event-Purdue University
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66. Satellite Image
Volcanic Eruption
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67. Thank You
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