1. PINEDA MARTINEZ LIZBETH
PAG-12
TO BE
El verbo "to be" significa ser o estar.
•I am = yo soy / yo estoy
•You are = tú eres / tú estás
•He is = él es / él está
•She is = ella es/ ella está
•It is = eso es/ eso está
•We are = nosotros somos/ nosotros estamos
•You are = uds son/uds están
•They are =ellos son/ ellos están
AFIRMATIVO: I AM HAPPY, YOU ARE ENJOYING THE HOLIDAYS, HE IS
STUDENT, SHE IS BEAUTIFULL, IT IS HOT, WE ARE YOUNG, THEY ARE MY
PARENTS, THEY ARE PLAYING SOCCER, I AM WIFE JULIAN, YOU ARE
WACHING TV IN THE NIGTH.
NEGATIVO: PARA USARLO EN NEGATIVO EN “I AM” PODEMOS USAR EL
(NOT) EN EL CASO DE “YOU WE YOU Y THEY” QUE LLEVAN “ARE” PARA
HACERLO NEGATIVO PODEMOS PONER “ARE NOT” O TAMBIEN PODEMOS
UTILIZAR “CONTRACTION” “AREN´T” QUE ES LO MISMO Y PARA “HE SHE IT”
QUE LLEVAN “IS” COMO ANTERIOR MENTE PUEDE USARSE “IS NOT” O EN
SU DEFECTO “ISN´T”
EJEMPLOS:
I AM NOT EATING BREAD, YOU AREN´T BEAUTIFUL, HE ISEN´T AN ACTOR,
SHE IS NOT ENJOYINGIT, IS NOT HOT,WE AREN´T YOUNG, YOU AREN´T
DANCING, THEY ARE NOT PLAYING SOCCER, I AM NOT FAT, THEY ARE
NOT COOKING.
PREGUNTAS: PARA HACER PREGUNTAS SE USAN PRIMERO LOS
CONECTORES COMO “AM, ARE E IS”
EJEMPLO:AM I AMERICAN?, ARE YOU AMERICAN? ,IS HE AMERICAN?, ARE
WE ANGRY?, ARE THEY SPEAKING SPANISH?, IS IT FUNNY?, I AM USING
GLASSES ?, ARE YOU DANCING?,IS HE AN ACTOR?, ARE THEY PLAYING
SOCCER?
RESPUESTAS CORTAS
AFIRMATIVAS NEGATIVAS
YES, I AM NO; I´M NOT
YES, YOU/WE/THEY ARE NO; YOU/WE/THEY AREN´T
YES, HE/SHE/ IT IS NO: HE/SHE/IT ISN´T

2. NOSOTROS USAMOS EL VERBO “TO BE” PARA DESCRIBIR A PERSONAS,
SU NACIONALIDAD, AÑOS APARIENCIAS ETC.NO USAMOS
CONTRACCIONES COMO (´M, ´RE ´S) EN RESPUESTAS CORTAS
SUBJECTS PRONOUNS
Los Pronombres Personales Subjetivos o de sujeto son aquellas palabras que
hacen referencia a las personas gramaticales, es decir, señalan al sujeto que
realiza la acción.
Él compró un nuevo automóvil. He bought a new car.
Como todo pronombre, sustituyen o señalan el nombre de quien ejecuta la acción
y que se ha utilizado con anterioridad, como por ejemplo en la siguiente oración:
Juan viajará a Londres. Él estudiará inglés.
John will travel to London. He will study English.
En este caso observamos que tanto la palabra Juan como Él cumplen la misma
función.
EJEMPLOS:
I live in Paris. (Yo vivo en París.)
You are a good student. (Tú eres un buen alumno.)
He sells shoes. (Él vende zapatos.)
She sings at church. (Ella canta en la iglesia.)
It is very bad. (The dog is very bad.) (El perro es muy malo.)
We sent a letter to our mother. (Nosotros enviamos una carta a nuestra madre.)
You will travel to Europe. (Ustedes viajarán a Europa.)
They sold the books. (Ellos vendieron los libros.)
I WATCHING TV (YO VEO TV)
SHE DANCING WELL (ELLA BAILA BIEN)
Existe un único caso donde no se coloca el pronombre. Se trata de oraciones
imperativas, que son aquellas que expresan una orden y que dejan claro a quien
se está dirigiendo:
Study the lesson! (¡Estudia la lección!)

3. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Los adjetivos posesivos en inglés son: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their.
Hacen referencia a quien posee y no a lo poseído. En general preceden a
sustantivos.
my - mi, mis
your - tu, tus / su, sus (de usted)
his - su, sus (de él)
her - su, sus (de ella)
its - su, sus (de algo)
our - nuestro/a/os/as
your - su, sus (de ustedes/vosotros)
their - su, sus (de ellos/as)
EJEMPLOS:
I like my job.
I live with my girlfriend in New York.
What is your name?
Bill washes his car every day.
Jack lives here, with his parents.
Mary went to her English class yesterday.
We are studying Japan and its culture.
The Earth is our planet.
You all love your country.
Our neighbors are painting their house
HAVE GOT
Ocupamos “have got” para hablar de la cosa que poseemos .
Tanto lo podemos hacer negativos en pregunta y con su respuesta corta.
EJEMPLOS:
AFIRMATIVO NEGATIVO PREGUNTA
I have got short hair I haven´t got short hair Have I got short hair?
He has got green eyes He hasn´t got green eyes Has he got blue eyes?
You have got dark hair You haven´t go dark hair Have you got dark hair?
We´ve got cousins We haven´t got cousins Have we got cousins?
She has got red hair She haven´t got red hair Has she got red hair?
He has got beard He hasn´t got beard Has he got beard?
You have got glasses You haven´t got glasses Have you got glasses?
I have got long hair I haven´t got long hair Have I got long hair?
I have got big eyes I haven´t got big eyes Have I got big eyes?
She has got brown eyes She hasn´t brown eyes Has she got brown eyes?
RESPUESTAS CORTAS
YES, I/YOU/WE/THEY HAVE NO, /I/YOU/WE/THEY HAVEN´T
YES, HE/SHE/IT HAS NO, HE/SHE/IT HASN´T

4. POSSESSIVE ´S
Usamos “´s” para indicar la posesión o una relación familiar o para indicar algo que
le pertenece a alguien.
Cuando un sustantivo es plural y termina con una ´s , simplemente añadimos un
apóstrofo (' ) al final de la palabra EJEMPLOS:
My son's car (el carro de mi hijo)
The dog's bed (la cama del perro)
The dogs' bed (la cama de los perros)
My sisters' hair (el cabello de mis hermanas)
the cat's food (la comida del gato)
My friend's brother (el hermano de mi hermano).
Vivian's car new
The boys's studen
The dog's brother.
My aunt's hause
DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
LO USAMOS CUANDO QUEREMOS HACER REFERENCIA UN OBJETO O
PERSONA QUE ESTE SE ENCUENTRE LEJOS O SERCA REFERENTE A LA
DISTANCIA.
SINGULAR PLURAL
(Est@)/ This is my father (est@s)/These are my parents
(es@)/That is my brother (aquell@s)/Those are my cousins
EJEMPLOS:
This is my sister
That is my cousin
This is my father
That is my brother
These are my parents
Those are my cousins
Those are my grandparents
These are boys
This is boy
These are my friends
That is my aunt

5. PAG. 24 PRESENT SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE
El presente simple afirmativo se forma con el infinitivo del verbo
sin "to".
En la 3ª persona del singular (HE SHE IT) se añade una -s final
al verbo.
I play Yo juego
You play Tú juegas
He plays Él juega
She plays Ella juega
It plays Juega
We play Nosotros jugamos
You play Vosotros jugáis
They play Ellos juegan
Como regla general, hemos dicho que la 3ª persona del singular en
presente simple lleva una -s final. Pero hay excepciones según el
verbo termine en -y, -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x.
1 Si el verbo acaba en -y precedida de una consonante,
se cambia la -y por -ies.
To cry She cries Ella llora
To study He studies Él estudia
To fly It flies Vuela
Si la terminación -y va precedida de una vocal, como
hemos visto antes como el verbo "to play", sólo se le
añadirá una -s.
He plays (él juega).
3 Si el verbo acaba en -o precedida de una consonante,
se añadirá -es.
To do He does Él hace
To go She goes Ella va

6. Si el verbo acaba en -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, se añade -es.
To watch She watches Ella ve
To wash he washes Él lava
To pass She passes Ella aprueba
To fix He fixes Él arregla
Usamos el presente simple para hablar de hábitos y rutinas regulares
EJEMPLO:
WE STUDY MATHS ON MONDAYS
HE WATCHES DVDs EVERY WEEKEND
SHE WASHES CLOTHES
I FIX THE ROOM
SHE GOES SCHOOL IN THE EVENING
HE DOES EXERCISE
SHE STUDIES ON SUNDAY
I GO TO BED WHEN I AM ILL
SHE CRIES WHEN I AM SAD
I SMILE WHEN I AM HAPPY
PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
Las preposiciones de tiempo se utilizan para indicar cuando sucedió algo, las
tres preposiciones más comunes (“in”, “at”, “on”), pueden ser utilizadas como
preposiciones de lugar o preposiciones de tiempo.
Nosotros usamos “in” con partes del día, con meses y con años.
“on” con días y con fechas.
Y “at” con el tiempo, la noche y la semana.
I go to swim in the morning
You play in the evening
The Christmas comes in December
We goes to the work on Monday
My mother cooking on Sunday
My sister watches tv on friday
My birthday is on 29th January
I go to walk at night
My friend comes to watch me at the weekend.
I study at 6 o’clock.

7. SIMPLE NEGATIVE
Usamos doesn´t con la tercera persona singular (HE/SHE/IT)
Y don´t con ( I/ YOU/WE/THEY)
L a estructura del presente simple en forma negativa es:
Sujeto + do/does + not + verbo +
EJEMPLO:
I don't play
I do not live in London
We don't play tennis
You do not watch TV
They don't remember anythi ng
He doesn't live in New York.
They don't work in an office
My sister Susan doesn't kiss my mother every morning
My grandmother doesn't like chocolate ice creams.
Tom and his company don't do business in China.
We don't the shopping every Saturday
OBJECT PRONOUNS
Se utilizan para señalar al sujeto que realiza la acción y que necesariamente
deben acompañar al verbo.
Singular Plural
Me us
You you
Him/her/it them
EJEMPLOS:
He watches it on tv.
She listens to me
She talks to them
I come to them
Susan showed me the exit
My boyfrien loves me.
My aunt sent it to her.
Rachel broke it.
Sally can’t study without you
Tom is more intelligent than him
Carl is as polite as her.

8. PAG. 36 PRECENT SIMPLE YES/ NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
YES/NO QUESTIONS Do I/you/we/they work?
Does he/she/ it work?
SHORT ANSWERS Yes I/you/we/they do No I/you/we/they don´t
Yes he/she/it does No, he/she/it doesn´t
1-.Solo usamos “does” para hablar en plural he/she/it y Do para singular
I/you/we/they.
2.-Agregamos “Do” y “does” antes del sujeto para hacer preguntas y para
responder utilizamos solo una respuesta corta no repitiendo el verbo principal.
Do you work? Yes, I do.
EJEMPLO:
Do you run?
Does she sing?
Does he cook?
Do you like Reading?
Do people read a lot in your country?
Does your ticher give books to read for homework?
Do you get up at 6 o´clock?
Does she study on sonday?
Does he play the guitar?
Do we listen to hip-hop music?
PRESENTE SIMPLE w-h- QUESTIONS AND QUESTIONS WORDS
WH- questions
WHO,, WHAT, WHICH, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW?
Quien Que Cual Dónde, Cuándo, Por qué, Cómo?
La palabra “pregunta” surge en el inicio de las preguntas
WH Questions with "be"
WH + BE + SUBJECT
WH Questions with "do"
WH + DO/DOES + SUBJECT + VERB
EJEMPLO:
-What do you do? (¿A qué te dedicas?)
- Where does he buy the food? (¿Dónde compra él la comida?)
- When does Robert do the homework? (¿Cuando hace la tarea Roberto?)
- What do Mike, Clara and Jill eat for dinner? (¿Que cenan Miguel, Clara y Jill?)
- Where does Oscar live? (¿Dónde vive Oscar?)
-when is your clas?

9. -Where are you from?
-Whats is your name?
-When do you make up?
-Why are you angry?
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Utilizamos los adverbios para indicar con que frecuencia hacemos las cosas o si
algo nos sucede a menudo o no.
La posición habitual de los adverbios de frecuencia es de antes del verbo principal
I usually walk to school
Losadverbios de frecuencia van detrás del verbo “to be” I´m always happy
Frequency Adverb of Frequency Example Sentence
100% always I always go to bed before 11pm.
90% usually I usually have cereal for breakfast.
80% normally / generally I normally go to the gym.
70% often* / frequently I often surf the internet.
50% sometimes I sometimes forget my wife's birthday.
30% occasionally I occasionally eat junk food.
10% seldom I seldom read the newspaper.
5% hardly ever / rarely I hardly ever drink alcohol.
0% never I never swim in the sea.
ARTICLES
Utilizamos a/ an( un o una) Cuando mencionamos algo por primera vez, o para
decir que la persona o cosa es una de una serie de cosas o personas.
I GO TO A SPORT CENTRE I LIKE AN GIRL
No utilizamos un artículo cuando estamos hablando de personas o cosas en
general.
I LIKE MUSIC

10. No utilizamos artículos en estos casos:
Play basketball/football/tennis
Have breakfast/lunch/dinner
Go to school/work/curch
Watch tv
At night
Usamos " THE "(EL) para hablar de algo o alguien mencionado antes.
I go to a sports centre. The sports centre is really big.
(Voy a un centro deportivo El centro deportivo es realmente grande)
También utilizamos “the”" para hablar de una cosa específica
the films on tv tonight is great
Play the guitar/piano/violin
Tambén utilizamos el " en estos casos: In the morning/afternoon/evening
At the weekend
EJEMPLOS:
What a day!
What a long year!
Are you a student?
Your neighbor is a lawyer.
I need a pair of scissors.
"I want an apple."
The car I bought broke down
I remember the day we first met
I need a chair
I want the red Apple
PAG.50 There is /There are
se utiliza para expresar cantidad
“there is” en singular y “there are” en plural.
THERE + IS/ARE + RESTO DE FRASE
Para hacer negaciones (singular) “there isn´t” y “there aren´t” (plural)
THERE + ISN'T/AREN'T + RESTO DE FRASE
Preguntas: IS/ARE + THERE + RESTO DE FRASE?
¿Hay una mujer en el parque?
Is there a woman in the park?

11. RESPUESTAS CORTAS: Para dar respuestas cortas debemos utilizar la forma
correspondiente del verbo 'to be', respetando si es singular o plural.
Is there a woman in the park?
Yes, there is / No, there isn’t
EJEMPLOS:
 There is one table in the classroom.
 There are three chairs in the classroom.
 There is a spider in the bath.
 There's a good song on the radio.
 There's only one chocolate left in the box.
 There is not a horse in the field.
 There are not eight children in the school.
 There aren't any people at the party.
 Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.
 There isn't any sugar in my coffee.
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
Las preposiciones de lugar se colocan detrás del verbo principal, que suele ser
el verbo “to be” (estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados, presentes o
futuros y en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.
On- Sobre
Under- Debajo
Avobe- Arriva de
Near- Cerca
Behind- Dentras
In front of – Frente de
Nex to – Alado de
In- Dentro de
EJEMPLOS:
The cat is under the chair
The cupboard is nex to the fridge
The table is near the fridge
There are two book on the table
The microwave is under the cupboard
The mouse is in the cupboard
The dog is under the table.
There are Cd players above the radiador
There are two cats nex to the fireplace
The bed is in the room

12. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Para formar el presente continuo se utiliza el verbo auxiliar “to be” y el gerundio
(infinitivo + “-ing”) del verbo.
Sujeto Auxiliar (tobe) Gerundio
I am talking, eating, learning, doing, going…
he, she, it is talking, eating, learning, doing, going…
you, we, they are talking , eating, learning, doing, going…
1. Affirmative Sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + gerundio.
Ejemplos:
I’m talking. (Estoy hablando.)
He’s eating. (Está comiendo.)

13. 2. Negative Sentences
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to be) + auxiliar negativo (not) + gerundio.
Ejemplos:
I’m not talking. (No estoy hablando.)
He’s not [He isn’t] eating. (No está comiendo.)
3. Interrogative Sentences
Verbo auxiliar (to be) + sujeto + gerundio?
Ejemplos:
Are you talking? (¿Estás hablando?)
Is he eating? (¿Está comiendo?)
EJEMPLOS:
I´m studying now
He´s eating at the moment
Is it raining?
They´re learning English
She´s currently looking for a job
Are you working much lately?
I´m going to the party tonight.
He´s not coming to class tomorrow
Are you working next week?
She isn´t cooking