MISSOURI S&T
INTRAMURAL SPORTS
Basketball Officials Training – 1/11 and 1/12/12

Learning Outcomes
 Understand the Basic Mechanics and
Positioning of Basketball Officiating
 Be able to demonstrate how give proper
mechanics for fouls and violations

Who Are We?
 Professional Staff
 Sarah Moore – Intramural Director
 Nick White – Intramural Manager
 whitenic@mst.edu
 573-341-4106 (office) or 770-361-1145 ( Nick’s cell)
 Clinicians
 Mitch Jones
 Casey Bollmann
 Ethan Shackelford
 Josh Busche
 Meghann Morrow
 Kristen Drage
 Austin Fitzpatrick

Length of the Season
 3-4 Game League
 Play Begins Tuesday, January 17th
 Playoffs will begin
 Week of February 12th

Employee Expectations
 Professionalism
 Courtesy/Customer Service
 Outstanding Conduct When Participating!
 Responsibility
 HUSTLE, HUSTLE, HUSTLE
 HAVE FUN
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaELjIA5BFY

Evaluations
 Evaluations are constructive and for your benefit!
 None of us know everything
 Always room for improvement
 Types of Evaluations:
 Verbal – All season
 Written – Starting the 2nd
week
 Questions/Concerns?
 Nick White

When do I work?
 Tentative Schedule:
 Sunday 5:00-10:00 PM
 Monday – Thursday 6:00-10:00 PM
 Availability Sheets
 Completed today before you leave
 Can update when needed (must be done by
Wednesday at 11:00pm)
 Schedules
 Where and when (Friday by noon via email)
 Substituting

What do I Wear
 Provided By Intramural Sports
 Whistle
 Officials Jersey
 You Provide
 Shorts/Wind Pants (black preferred)
 Sneakers (Dark preferred)
 All other essential clothing items
 You are Expected to look professional at ALL
times!!!

Scoresheets – Pre-Game
 Players
 All players must check in with a photo ID (S&T ID or
Driver’s license)
 Count the players on the court to see if the number
matches the amount on the score sheet
 Numbers
 All players must have a unique, whole digit number,
marked on the score sheet
 Captains
 Captains should be noted on the score sheet

Game Time!!
 Forfeit Time
 Game Time!
 One Team Present
 Additional 10 Minutes choice
 Neither Team Present
 Double Forfeit
 When do I start the game clock?

Game Time – cont’d
 Two 20 minute halves of continuous running time.
 Clock stops for time outs or official time outs (e.g. for injuries or
retrieving a ball). Clock is not stopped for violations.
 During the last two minutes of the second half, the clock will be
stopped for all dead ball situations (e.g., violations, turnovers, time
outs, fouls, etc.).
 Half-time = 3 minutes
 Time-out = 1 minute
 2 Time-outs per half
 You can only call a time-out when your team is in possession of
the ball, or during a dead ball period
 During playoffs if necessary, a 2 minute overtime shall be played to
determine a winner. Clock stops on all dead ball situations. The
overtime period will be repeated until a winner is declared. There
will be a 1 minute break between each overtime.

Scoresheets – Post Game
 Scorekeepers
 Write the result of the game and circle the winning team.
 Ensure that any ejected players are noted as such on the
sheet
 Signatures
 Both captains sign the sheet after the game to verify the
score and the winning team
 Team Sportsmanship
 Get sportsmanship ratings for both teams from the score
keeper, officials, and opposing team’s captain

Emergency Situations
 Your roles:
 Crowd Control
 Directing/Meeting EMS Personnel
 Gathering Information
 Getting games stopped, and then
re-started as appropriate
 Not your roles:
 Diagnosis
 Primary Care
 Ensuring the ‘show must go on’
 Assigning Blame (Publicly)
 Suggesting care, or other options for injured person
 Breaking up Fights

The Meat and Potatoes with a side
of Jello
Let’s Talk
Basketball
One version of mechanics

Basketball Fundamentals -
Violations
 Open Hand
 Common Violations: Definitions/Demonstrations
 Traveling
 Double Dribble
 Carry/Palming
 Timing Violations
 3 Seconds in the lane
 10 Seconds in the back court
 5 Seconds out of bounds
 5 Seconds Closely Guarded
 Free Throw Violations

Basketball Fundamentals -
Fouls
 Closed Hand
 Common Fouls: Definitions/Demonstrations
 Blocking
 Charging (Player Control)
 Holding
 Hand Checking
 Pushing
 Illegal Use of Hands
 Technical
 Intentional/Flagrant

Reporting a Foul
 Don’t make a call on the run
 Come to a complete stop, then make the
signal
 Stay calm, don’t hurry
 Raise arm
 Verbalize the call
 Foul – White 34 w/ the push (signal push)
 Have a confident voice
 Remember who was fouled and who
committed the foul

Quick Basketball Rules
 Penalties are awarded in
the order they occur
 A player cannot dribble and
travel at the same time
 Bonus:
 Shoot 1 and 1 after 7th
team foul
 Shoot 2 after 10th
team
foul
 Don’t shoot after a
player control foul
 A shooter that leaves the
ground is in the act of
shooting until they return to
the ground
 A try for goal is a shot or
attempt to score and it ends
when the ball enters the
basket, is certain to miss, or
hits the floor

Technical's, Intentional, Flagrant
Fouls
 Technical Foul Enforcement
 Two Free Throws
 Ball will be put in play at half court…Opposite
scores table
 Intentional and Flagrant Fouls
 Award the person fouled 2 free throws.
 Ball is put in at point of interruption

3 Person Mechanics
Objectives for Using 3-PersonObjectives for Using 3-PersonObjectives for Using 3-PersonObjectives for Using 3-Person
RememberTo Officiate!RememberTo Officiate!
Officiate YourPrimary!Officiate YourPrimary!
Trust YourPartners!Trust YourPartners!
RememberTo Officiate!RememberTo Officiate!
Officiate YourPrimary!Officiate YourPrimary!
Trust YourPartners!Trust YourPartners!

LL
TT
CC
Primary Coverage Areas- basicPrimary Coverage Areas- basic

LL
TT
CC
Primary Coverage Areas- LEADPrimary Coverage Areas- LEAD
LEADSHOULD:LEADSHOULD:
Start wideStart wide
Close DownClose Down
Not be afraid to rotateNot be afraid to rotate
Rotate based on post playRotate based on post play
Not stop in the laneNot stop in the lane
During rotation, lookforthe 1During rotation, lookforthe 1stst
competitive match up, not thecompetitive match up, not the
ballball
Afterrotation, stay in yourAfterrotation, stay in your
new primarynew primary

LL
TT
CC
Primary Coverage Areas- CENTERPrimary Coverage Areas- CENTER
CENTERSHOULD:CENTERSHOULD:
Be Active…with “Wide Eyes”Be Active…with “Wide Eyes”
Be prepared to call yourside of theBe prepared to call yourside of the
lanelane
Stay with the drive all the way toStay with the drive all the way to
the basketthe basket
Not give up a play orplayeruntilNot give up a play orplayeruntil
picked up by one of yourpartnerspicked up by one of yourpartners
Not backout on rebound…stay putNot backout on rebound…stay put

LL
TT
CC
Primary Coverage Areas- TRAILPrimary Coverage Areas- TRAIL
TRAIL SHOULD:TRAIL SHOULD:
Be Positioned at the 28 ft. lineBe Positioned at the 28 ft. line
Officiate play/shots in free throw half circleOfficiate play/shots in free throw half circle
Stay with the drive all the way to the basketStay with the drive all the way to the basket
Not give up a play orplayeruntil picked up by oneNot give up a play orplayeruntil picked up by one
of yourpartnersof yourpartners

LL
TT
CC
Primary Coverage Areas- three point tryPrimary Coverage Areas- three point try
Trail and Centermirror
successful attempt
Trail and Centermirror
successful attempt
Lead assists Center
and Trail in
transition
Lead assists Center
and Trail in
transition
There should not be two
preliminary signals
There should not be two
preliminary signals
Official with the
preliminary signal
stays with the
shooter, off official
takes otheraction
Official with the
preliminary signal
stays with the
shooter, off official
takes otheraction

Rotation: When & Why
 Lead initiates rotation based upon:
 Post Play
 Ball Location
 Majority of Players
 Avoid rotating
 During a drive to the basket
 When a shot is going up
 During rebounding action
 When partners are not in the front court

Rotation: When & Why cont’d
 Recognizing rotation are crucial because
everyone’s primary is changing
 Recognize the type of offense/defense
technique being used…(perimeter play,
zone, man-to-man)

LL
TT
CC
Terminology: Wide Angle/Close downTerminology: Wide Angle/Close down
Close down is (usually) theClose down is (usually) the
pre-requisite forrotation topre-requisite forrotation to
the weaksidethe weakside

TT
CC
Rotation is (usually)Rotation is (usually)
initiated by the Leadinitiated by the Lead
Lead will initiate rotation based upon:Lead will initiate rotation based upon:
post playerspost players
ballball
majority of playersmajority of players
partners are in front courtpartners are in front court
CC
TT
Basic rotationBasic rotation
LL

Looking for Angles SpacesLooking for Angles Spaces
Three person requires you to work for “good looks.”
Particularly as C and T youParticularly as C and T you
must move to get a goodmust move to get a good
angle- but- movement isangle- but- movement is
mostly parallel to sidelinemostly parallel to sideline
ratherthan toward the centerratherthan toward the center
of the flooras in 2-personof the flooras in 2-person
Particularly as C and T youParticularly as C and T you
must move to get a goodmust move to get a good
angle- but- movement isangle- but- movement is
mostly parallel to sidelinemostly parallel to sideline
ratherthan toward the centerratherthan toward the center
of the flooras in 2-personof the flooras in 2-person
Officials must not get lazyOfficials must not get lazy
and allow themselves to getand allow themselves to get
straight lined….looking at astraight lined….looking at a
play through the offensiveplay through the offensive
player’s backside!player’s backside!
Officials must not get lazyOfficials must not get lazy
and allow themselves to getand allow themselves to get
straight lined….looking at astraight lined….looking at a
play through the offensiveplay through the offensive
player’s backside!player’s backside!

LL
TT
CC
Play situation:Play situation:
X
Trust YourPartner!
See the WHOLE play!
This is Center’s call
Trust YourPartner!
See the WHOLE play!
This is Center’s call

LL
TT
CC
Play situation:Play situation:
X
See the WHOLE play!
Double Whistle is Good
T & L have dual coverage
Trail should have this call
See the WHOLE play!
Double Whistle is Good
T & L have dual coverage
Trail should have this call

TableTable
LL
TT
CC
Coverage on fast breaks/transitionCoverage on fast breaks/transition
LL
TT
In transition, the CenterIn transition, the Center
official can extend theirofficial can extend their
vision across the courtvision across the court
between the 3-point arcsbetween the 3-point arcs

TableTable
LL
TT
CC
LL
TT
Foul- Front Court- Lead- Stays in front courtFoul- Front Court- Lead- Stays in front court

TableTable
TT
CC
LL
Foul- Front Court- Center- Stays in front courtFoul- Front Court- Center- Stays in front court
CC
TT
This works for
situations where
there will be a free-
throw…the Trail is at
the 28’ line, not half-
court
What if the ball is to be
taken out of bounds? Lead
goes to ball side which
forces Centerbackto
Trail.

TableTable
CC
LL
Foul- Front Court- Lead – Goes to backcourtFoul- Front Court- Lead – Goes to backcourt
TT
LL
TT

TableTable
CC
LL
Foul- Front Court- Center– Goes to backcourtFoul- Front Court- Center– Goes to backcourt
TT
LL
TT
CC

TableTable
CC
LL
Foul- Front Court- Trail – Goes to backcourtFoul- Front Court- Trail – Goes to backcourt
TT LL
TT

TableTable
CC
LL
Foul- Front Court- Trail Opposite – Goes to backcourtFoul- Front Court- Trail Opposite – Goes to backcourt
TT
LL
TT

TableTable
LL
Foul- Front Court- Lead Opposite – Goes to backcourtFoul- Front Court- Lead Opposite – Goes to backcourt
TTLLTT
CC

Miscellaneous Notes…
 Opposite is responsible for last second shot
 T and/or C are responsible for bringing in
substitutes…(all of us are ultimately
responsible)
 When the ball is in your primary…take the
drive all the way to the basket
 Lead officals must learn to trust their Center
official on weak side plays
 “Active Lead…Strong Center and Trail”

Miscellaneous Notes…
 You can’t be a ball watcher and be an
effective 3-person official
 Double whistles are good…Who gets the call?
 Primary!
 Position of the Trail during Free Throws?
 28 ft. line
 Where is the “C” during a press???
 Freeze after a rebound/made basket to see if there if
there is a press or trap.
 Think: “Center stay put”

2 Person Mechanics
Objectives for Using 2-PersonObjectives for Using 2-PersonObjectives for Using 2-PersonObjectives for Using 2-Person
RememberTo Officiate!RememberTo Officiate!
Officiate YourPrimary!Officiate YourPrimary!
Trust YourPartner!Trust YourPartner!
RememberTo Officiate!RememberTo Officiate!
Officiate YourPrimary!Officiate YourPrimary!
Trust YourPartner!Trust YourPartner!

BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY COVERAGE AREAS
TEAM BENCHTEAM BENCH
T
L
The Lead has on-ball
coverage.
The Trail is off-ball and
officiating action in the
shaded area.

BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY COVERAGE AREAS
TEAM BENCHTEAM BENCH
T
L
The Lead has off-ball
and officiating action
in the “red” area.
The Trail has on-
ball coverage.

BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY AREAS
HOME BENCHVISITOR BENCH
T
L
The Trail has on-ball coverage
and is officiating the high action
in the lined area.
The Lead is off-ball and must help
with off-ball coverage by extending to
the other side of the key because the
ball is up high.

BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY AREAS
HOME BENCHVISITOR BENCH
T
L
The Trail has on-ball coverage
and is officiating the high action
in the lined area.
The Lead is off-ball and must help
with off-ball coverage by extending to
the other side of the key because the
ball is up high.

OFF BALL COVERAGE – 3 POINT IN LEAD
AREA
HOME BENCHVISITOR BENCH
T
L
The Lead moves to a position to
get the 3-point line covered when
the ball is in the area.
x
o
x
o
o
o
o
x
x
x
The Trail official positions to
cover the significant action
off the ball.
L
T

LEAD “BALL SIDE” PRIMARY CHANGED
TEAM BENCHTEAM BENCH
The coverage area for the ball-side lead is now extended to the area between the
3-point arc and the closest lane line below the F/T line extended. It is important
to note that the extended coverage only applies when the lead moves ball-side. If
the Lead stays opposite the floor is balanced.
T
L LEAD PRIMARY
COVERAGE
L
LEAD ROTATES
ACROSS TO GET
BETTER POST
COVERAGE.
ASSUMES
ADDITIONAL
COVERAGE

DELAY OFFENSE
TEAM BENCHTEAM BENCH
COVERAGE FOR THE
“DELAY” OR “FOUR
CORNER”
OFFENSE.
O
X
O
X
OX
OX
O
X
T
T
L
L
Lead & Trail are in proper
position for a normal
frontcourt offense
When teams go to a spread or
delay officials MUST go to new
positions on floor
When offensive
player drives to
basket, L should
cut corner to
observe action
and get the
angle.

FREE THROW
LINEUPS

Free Throw Lineup
 Team B (team without the ball) must be located above
two lower block
 (New Rule 08-09)
 Lane area from the end line to, and including, the neutral
zone marks shall remain vacant
 Maximum 4 Defensive and 2 Offensive on lane line
 All other players
 Above the 3 point line
 Above the FT lane line

AA
BB
A
BB
T
C
L
TableBench Maximum Line up
Configuration
A
A
B

BB
A
B B
T
C
L
TableBench
Team A vacates the lane

A A
BB
A
T
C
L
TableBench
Team B vacates
lane spaces

BB
A
T
C
L
TableBench
Team B must occupy
first lane spaces

Free Throw Lineup
 Team B (opponent of free thrower) must set up
in the first space (closest to basket allowed)
 If Team B does not set up on the first shot, then
it is a violation on Team B
 After violation on Team B, you have a technical
foul on Team B

AA
BB
A
BB
T
C
L
TableBench FT Restrictions Ends
When Ball is in the Cylinder

FREE THROW RULES

Free Throw Rules
 10 Second Limit on thrower
 Free Throw Restrictions begin
 Ball is at the disposal of the thrower
 Free Throw Restrictions end
 When the ball is in the cylinder
 When the ball hits the backboard

Free Throw Rules
 Free Throw Restrictions involve
 Thrower
 Players on the Lane Line
 Players not on the Lane Line

Free Throw Rough Play
 Players must stay in their lane line
 Players cannot push to get better position

TWO PERSON
MECHANICS

Basic Mechanics
 Trail
 Always opposite table
 Signals to table what kind of FTs are awarded
 Has 10 Second count responsibility
 Aware of players not on the FT lane
 Chops in clock on rebounding action
 Close Down on shot attempt

Basic Mechanics
 Lead
 Always table side
 Signals to players what kind of FT has been
awarded
 Administers all free throws
 Chops in clock after made FTs during throw in

Basic Free Throw Coverage
(New Rule Implementation)
Primary Coverage on Free Throw
 Trail/Center
 Has Free Throw Shooter
 First player closest to T/C and players on opposite
lane line
 Lead
 First player closest to Lead and players opposite lane
line

AA
BB
A
BB
T/C
L
TableBench 2008-2009
Rule Coverage
Responsibility
T

THREE PERSON
MECHANICS

Basic Mechanics
 Center Official
 Always Opposite Table
 Has 10 Second Count
 “Chops” clock on missed free throw
 Rebounding responsibility
 Close Down on attempt

Basic Mechanics
 Lead Official
 Always Table Side
 Administers all Free Throws
 After made basket (and final Free Throw) is
responsible for “Chopping” Clock on throw in
 Rebounding responsibility

Basic Mechanics
 Trail Official
 Always Table Side
 Primarily responsible for substitutions
 Helps with all Free Throw coverage issues
 May have to watch players not on the Free Throw
Lane
 Also has rebounding responsibility
 Close Down on attempt
 Assist partners on coverage

Basic Mechanics
 All Officials (2 or 3 Officials)
 Knowing the correct amount of Free Throws
awarded
 Making sure subs are properly entering the game
 Making sure all players are lined up properly
 If anything is wrong get it corrected before
anything is started
 Call Obvious Violations
 Know the clock status!!!

A
T
C
L
BenchTable 3 Person Coverage

A T
L
BenchTable 2 Person Coverage

FREE THROW
VIOLATIONS

Free Throw Violations
 10 seconds for thrower to shoot
 Free thrower and players on lane marked
spaces cannot fake to cause violation
 No disconcertion
 Enter or leave a marked lane space
 Free thrower shall not have either foot beyond
the vertical plane of the edge of the FT line
which is farther from the basket or the free throw
semi-circle

Free Throw Violations
 A player not the FTer who does not occupy a marked
lane space, may not have either foot beyond the vertical
plane of the FT line extended and the 3 point line which
is farthest from the basket
 A player occupying a marked lane space may not have
either foot beyond the vertical plane of the outside edge
of any lane boundary or beyond the vertical edge of the
space designated by a neutral zone

Free Throw Violations
 Violations committed by:
 Free Thrower team
 First violation or only violation
 Play becomes dead immediately
 No FT can be awarded
 Second violation is ignored

Free Throw Violations
 Violations committed by:
 Opponents of Free throw team
 Commits first violation
 Play continues
 FT is successful violation is disregarded
 Second lane line violation is ignored

How to be a Good Official!!!
 Show up on time (15 minutes prior to your
game is on time)
 Dress properly
 Blow your whistle with some authority
 HUSTLE… HUSTLE… HUSTLE…
 Have fun, enjoy the game
 Communicate with your partners
 Ask questions and accept feedback
 Be loud and confident

Questions???
?