Visual Aids FDI-2010

1. VISUAL AIDS
• Neville A. Mehta
International Secretary
India, South Asia and East Africa

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WHAT IS
LESSON PRESENTATION ?

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To make trainers i.e. yourself aware of the proper use of
most common types of visual aids.

4. "FOUR SCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO, OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS
CONTINENT A NEW NATION: CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY, AND DEDICATED TO THE
PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL.
NOW WE ARE ENGAGED IN A GREAT CIVIL WAR. . .TESTING WHETHER THAT NATION, OR
ANY NATION SO CONCEIVED AND SO DEDICATED. . . CAN LONG ENDURE. WE ARE MET ON A
GREAT BATTLEFIELD OF THAT WAR.
WE HAVE COME TO DEDICATE A PORTION OF THAT FIELD AS A FINAL RESTING PLACE FOR
THOSE WHO HERE GAVE THEIR LIVES THAT THAT NATION MIGHT LIVE. IT IS ALTOGETHER
FITTING AND PROPER THAT WE SHOULD DO THIS.
BUT, IN A LARGER SENSE, WE CANNOT DEDICATE. . .WE CANNOT CONSECRATE. . . WE
CANNOT HALLOW THIS GROUND. THE BRAVE MEN, LIVING AND DEAD, WHO STRUGGLED
HERE HAVE CONSECRATED IT, FAR ABOVE OUR POOR POWER TO ADD OR DETRACT. THE
WORLD WILL LITTLE NOTE, NOR LONG REMEMBER, WHAT WE SAY HERE, BUT IT CAN NEVER
FORGET WHAT THEY DID HERE. IT IS FOR US THE LIVING, RATHER, TO BE HERE DEDICATED
TO THE UNFINISHED WORK WHICH THEY WHO FOUGHT HERE HAVE THUS FAR SO NOBLY
ADVANCED.
IT IS RATHER FOR US TO BE HERE DEDICATED TO THE GREAT TASK REMAINING BEFORE US. .
.THAT FROM THESE HONORED DEAD WE TAKE INCREASED DEVOTION TO THAT CAUSE FOR
WHICH THEY GAVE THE LAST FULL MEASURE OF DEVOTION. . . THAT WE HERE HIGHLY
RESOLVE THAT THESE DEAD SHALL NOT HAVE DIED IN VAIN. . . THAT THIS NATION, UNDER
GOD, SHALL HAVE A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM. . . AND THAT THIS GOVERNMENT OF THE
PEOPLE. . .BY THE PEOPLE. . .FOR THE PEOPLE. . . SHALL NOT PERISH FROM THE EARTH. "

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• Letters are too small
• Too much information
• Cannot read from back of room
• Does not add anything to the lesson

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Visual Aids
A visual aid is any visual supplement to a lesson that assists
the instructor in communicating and the learner in
understanding the message.

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Visual Aids Objectives
• Identify advantages and disadvantages
• Design effective visual aids
• Use properly in a presentation

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Responses may include:
• Video
• Simulators
• Models or samples of actual objects

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Would anyone like to tell us a characteristic of a good visual
aid?

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• Simple
• Clear
• Easy to read
• Relate to content
• Interesting

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The way we will examine visual aids now is to start with the
most commonly-used visual aid in training today.
1. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages so we can
determine its usefulness.
2. Then we’ll look at some tips from successful designers and
trainers on how to create and properly use the visual aid.
3. We’ll look at examples, good and not so good, and see what
we can do to improve on those that are lacking.
4. Finally, we’ll create some visual aids of our own.

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Computer-Generated Visuals
When we talk about computer-generated visuals today, we will
be referring to PowerPoint presentations. PowerPoint is a
powerful tool for creating and delivering presentations, and can
also be used as an effective visual aid to support and enhance
classroom sessions.

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Why PowerPoint?
• Easy to use
• Easy to change/maintain
• Allows for graphics, animation, and photos
• Easy to change/maintain

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First of all, PowerPoint is easy to use. With the help of a
wireless mouse, you can move around the room and still
control your visuals. You don’t need to return to the projector
to change slides.

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From the point of view of making changes, PowerPoint is easy
to edit for errors or if you find that you want to emphasize a
particular part of the message.

16. Finally, PowerPoint offers almost unlimited opportunities in
what can be presented. With a reasonable amount of training, a
developer of PowerPoint can enliven presentations with
graphics, animation, and photos. It even has the capability to
add video and audio.

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Creating Effective Slides
• Keep it simple

18. Too much!!!!
• Too much action
•Too many colors

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Creating Effective Slides
• Keep it simple
• Use key words

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Growing Petunias
Incorporate timed-release fertilizer into the soil when planting window boxes or other containers. Otherwise
fertilize regularly every two weeks with a liquid fertilizer meant specially for flowering plants. ("Spreading"
types require weekly fertilizing.)
For a fertilizer recommendation tailor made to your specific garden conditions, have an accurate soil test run.
Contact your local County Extension office or the Soil Testing Lab at the University of Minnesota for
information.
Petunias tolerate lots of heat, and are relatively undemanding when it comes to water. Except for "spreading"
types, which require frequent watering, thorough watering once a week should be sufficient in all but the
worst weather. Leave sprinklers on long enough to soak the soil to a depth of six to eight inches every time
you water. Hanging baskets and other containers also need more frequent watering, perhaps as often as daily,
depending on their size and the volume of soil they contain.

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Creating Effective Slides
• Keep it simple
• Use key words
• Limit fonts and colors

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PowerPoint provides a wealth of styles and colors and font sizes.
In different situations you will want to select a specific style or
color, and select different font sizes for emphasis. But research
has shown that too much variation on a single slide distracts the
viewer, and sometimes has a negative impact on learning.

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Text Guidelines
• No more than two (or maybe three?) different fonts
• No more than two (or maybe three?) text colors

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• Make sure your text is large enough for everyone to read.
• Use both upper and lower case letters. Upper case letters alone
are harder to read, because there is no contrast in height.

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Creating Effective Slides
• Keep it simple
• Use key words
• Limit fonts and colors
• Use pictures, graphs, and charts

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Quarterly Growth Report

27. Pictures, drawings, charts and graphs can often get your
message across better than words. PowerPoint can actually
create some of these graphics for you.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
East
West
North

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Creating Effective Slides
• Keep it simple
• Use key words
• Limit fonts and colors
• Use pictures, graphs, and charts
• Follow rule of sixes…or try!

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Rule of Sixes
• No more than six lines
• No more than six words
• No more than six lines
• No more than six words
• No more than six lines
• No more than six words

30. Using PowerPoint Effectively
• Don’t rely on the slides
• Don’t just read
• Time your remarks
• Focus on the audience
• Give it a rest

31. Steps in the Collaborative Approach
1. They explain
2. You paraphrase
3. You explain
4. You check for understanding
Understand the problem
5. Together you create
6. Together you choose
Create a “win-win” solution
7. Together you evaluate
Ensure the solution is correct

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District Governor’s Advisory Committee
What is it? The district governor’s advisory committee is a support
group for clubs, which promotes unity and an
exchange of ideas among clubs
Who belongs to it? Club presidents & secretaries and zone
chairpersons belong to the committee
Where does it meet? The committee meets in each zone
When should it meet? It should meet at least three times a year

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Types of Recognition
Informal
• Everyday ways to show
appreciation
• Appropriate, genuine, and
continuous
• Worth becoming a habit
Formal
• Certificates
• Pins
• Banners
• Medals

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Overhead Transparencies
Advantages
• Economical to use/produce
• Portable
• Presenter faces
audience/eye control
• Can be changed/modified
as needed
• Easy to create
• Suitable for large groups
Disadvantages
• May require room
adjustments to reduce sight
problems
• Easy to “mix up”/ handling
difficulty
• Create time lapse during
transfer

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Overhead Transparencies
Advantages
• Bright enough to use in
lighted room
• Presenter has control of
time/sequence
• Material can be revealed in
small pieces by uncovering
sections
• Comfortable and simple to
use
• Can be prepared in
advance or as needed
Disadvantages
• Can be distracting if
overused
• Possible mechanical failure
• Presenter must remain near
projector

36. Tips On Using the Overhead Projector
Before the Presentation
1. Number your transparencies to keep them in order.
2. Set up and test the projector before the presentation. Be sure
you have an extra bulb.
3. Place the screen and projector at an angle for clear audience
view.

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Tips On Using the Overhead Projector
During the Presentation
4. Don’t turn on the projector until you are using it and have a
transparency in place.
5. Make sure the transparencies are positioned properly.
6. Don’t look at or point to the screen. Face the audience and
look down at the transparency.

38. Tips On Using the Overhead Projector
During the Presentation
7. To reveal one item at a time, put a sheet of paper over the
transparency and slide it down point by point.
8. When you are finished with a transparency, turn off the
projector or cover the projection stage.
9. Use a pencil or pointer. Don’t point with your finger.
10. When you are finished with your overhead presentation, turn
off the projector and move it aside if possible.

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Activity
Take 5 minutes in your group to:
• Select one of the transparency samples on pages 10-12
• Create an improved version of the transparency utilizing the
design tips mentioned in the session
• Be prepared to share your transparency and your design
rationale with the rest of the class

40. Flipcharts
Advantages
• Economical
• Easily altered/replaced
• Can be saved and referred
to later
• Can be prepared in
advance or as needed
Disadvantages
• Bulky to move/transport
• Lettering must be large
• Requires good penmanship
• Presenter must turn away from
audience

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Flipchart Design Tips
1. Use colors to add impact. Use dark colors for text -- light
colors only to highlight or emphasize.
2. Alternate colors to allow ideas to stand out.
3. Place lesson notes in pencil in the margins.
4. Number any charts for reference.
5. Place a blank sheet between pre-made sheets to prevent
bleedthrough.

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Tips on Using Flipchart
1. Use a pointer instead of your hand to point to the chart.
2. When pointing, stand so that you do not have to turn your
back to the audience. Example: If you are using your right
hand, stand to the viewers’ right of the chart.
3. Write quickly but clearly.

43. Activity
Take 10 minutes in your group to:
• Select one of the scenarios described below
• Create a flipchart that would support a presentation on the
scenario
• Be prepared to share your flipchart and your design
rationale with the rest of the class

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We need for you to
• Display your flipchart,
• Tell us what topic it involves,
• Why you chose to create it the way you did,
• And what design principles you used.

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Whiteboards, Chalkboards
Copyboards
Advantages
• Economical
• Easy to use
• Easily altered /modified/
corrected
Disadvantages
• Often stationary
• Content not permanent
• Not professional looking
• Difficult to prepare in advance
• Presenter must turn back to
the audience

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Whiteboards, Chalkboards,
Copyboards
Advantages
• Ideal for group brainstorming
• Can be used in fully lighted
room
• No mechanical equipment
needs
Disadvantages
• Can require drawing skills
• Requires good penmanship
• Can be messy
• Chalkboards can make adults
feel like children

47. Whiteboards/Chalkboards
Design Tips
1. Use colors to add impact.
2. Alternate colors to allow ideas to stand out.
3. Make sure letters are large enough to be visible.
4. Use upper and lower case letters.
5. Use borders and boxes to separate material.

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Tips on Using
Whiteboards/Chalkboards
1. Face the audience when you are not writing.
2. When pointing, stand so that you do not have to turn your back
to the audience. Example: If you are using your right hand, stand
to the viewers’ right of the board.
3. Paraphrase learner responses and immediately verify accuracy
with the learner.
4. Write quickly but clearly.
5. Immediately erase sections that are no longer needed.

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Copyboards are whiteboards
that contain a built-in thermal copier.
Any image written or drawn on or taped to the board surface
can be copied to provide immediate handouts during a
presentation.
The newest generation of copyboards even provide a means to
download the contents of the board to your computer and
either send them or share them in live web meetings.

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Handouts are especially versatile because they can serve so
many purposes in a lesson.
Handouts can be used before, during, or after a presentation,
and can function as supporting data, worksheets, outlines, or
questionnaires.

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Handouts
Advantages
• Provide permanent record of
learning
• Reduce need for note taking
• Can supply additional
information
Disadvantages
• May cause audience to lose
focus/attention
• Can interrupt flow of lesson
• Can create incorrect perception
of lesson if read prior to
presentation

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Handout Design Tips
1. Keep your handouts simple. Do not try to cover too many
points or say too many things in one handout.
2. Keep your handouts clear. Whether you are using a chart or
graph, showing a sketch with labeled parts, or giving a
procedure in words, make sure the message is as clear as
possible to the audience.

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Tips on Using Handouts
1. Prepare enough handouts to have extras.
2. If you will be using more than one handout, arrange them using
paper clips or in folders in the order in which they will be
distributed.
3. Distribute them before your presentation if you want your
audience to follow along as you speak.

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Tips on Using Handouts
4. Distribute them during your presentation if you have a reason
for not wanting your audience to see the information until you
are ready to talk about it.
5. Distribute them after your presentation if you want your
audience to listen to you rather than read the material.

55. Prepare a presentation of approximately 3-5 minutes on a topic of your
own choice. Appendix A at the back of your Participant Manual
contains a list of possible topics from which to choose if you need an
idea.
Your task will be to:
• Give an overview of the topic or address some individual aspect.
• Prepare at least one visual aid to accompany your presentation.
Both members of the team will be expected to deliver a portion of the
presentation, and the rest of the group will have an opportunity to
provide you with verbal feedback using the observation sheets at the
end of Tab 3 in your manual as a reminder of the skills for which you
will be held accountable. There is also a copy of these sheets in
Appendix B of the Participant Manual.