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Biology Exam Review Basic Chem. Cell Biology Genetics Evolution Microscope Ecology Lab safety Life  Processes
Let's Put all the Pieces Together
Vocabulary
compounds that contain  carbon   (derived from   living things ) organic compound
Starch form in which  store  glucose plants A Carbohydrate
glycogen form in which  store glucose animals A Carbohydrate
region on an enzyme that can  bind with  a specific substrate or substrates Active site
ATP adenosine  triphosphate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
unicellular organism that consists of  only one cell
osmosis diffusion of water  through a selectively permeable membrane
active transport movement  of substances  in to  or   out  of cells  against   a concentration gradient   Needs energy= ATP
tissue group of similar cells  that perform a  common function Ex  – muscle  tissue
organ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aerobic respiration requires  oxygen
enzyme Proteins   that are  catalysts   in cells ,[object Object],[object Object],2) allow reactions to  take place at lower temperatures
glucose supplies   energy for  the cell’s  metabolic activities sugar
How are  you doing? Let’s continue
replication   process by which  DNA  is  duplicated   before  a  cell divides
Eukaryote a multicelllular organism whose  cells contain complex structures  inside the membranes. ...
living things that  make their   own food  by building organic molecules from inorganic substances autotrophic Producers
 
heterotrophic living things that  take in food from other sources Consumers
Evolution theory that  species  change over time
Ecosystem Community Population habitat consumer producer decomposer predator Prey Carrying capacity niche Ecological Balance
ecosystem a system formed by the  interaction   of a community  of organisms   with  their  physical environment
population group of organisms of the  same species  that live in the  same area  and  interbreed
community group of   various species   that live in   the  same place   and interact with each other
decomposer breakdown  of  complex   organic substances  in to   simpler   ones
Carrying  capacity ,[object Object],largest population that  an   environment  can support   at any given time
isotonic concentration of   water inside   cell concentration of   water outside   cell Equal
hypotonic concentration of  water outside  cell concentration of  water inside  cell greater than More solute inside cell
Hypertonic concentration of  water inside  cell concentration of  water outside   cell greater than More solute outside cell
Protein ,[object Object]
Amino acid ,[object Object],(Triplet) A C G
human  sex cells Haploid ( n ) cell that has only  one chromosome  of each   homologous  pair 23 Total
Diploid  ( 2n )  cell that contains  both chromosomes   of a  homologous pair 46 Total human body cells or  23 Pairs
Natural selection living   things come only   from   other  living  things Biogenesis
living things  that affect an organism plants animals dead parts nonliving parts air water rocks light temperature biotic factors abiotic factors
Cancer abnormal, uncontrolled growth  of cells that can spread  from one part of the body to another
Concepts
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nucleus
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cell Membrane ,[object Object],[object Object]
surrounds organelles  inside the cell  ,[object Object],[object Object],Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion carry out chemical reactions that  release   energy  from nutrients taken into the cell (respiration) ,[object Object],[object Object]
provides  passageways  for the movement of materials throughout the cell   Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ribosome organelles where   proteins  are  made ,[object Object],[object Object]
Golgi Apparatus ,[object Object],[object Object],prepares   and packages  materials for secretion outside the cell
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],- food, - wastes, - water vacuole
Cell wall ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],organelle  where food is made   Chloroplast ,[object Object],[object Object]
XY Male X X Female 2.  What are the sex chromosomes of a normal human male and female?
3. List the steps of the scientific method 1.  State the  Problem 2. Form a  Hypothesis 3.  Test   the Hypothesis 5. Form a  Conclusion 4 . Record and  Analyze Data   (repeat)   work Educated guess Answer Question Experiment charts, graphs,   tables 6.  Replicate
4.  How do enzymes affect the rate of a chemical reaction? ,[object Object],[object Object],By assisting enzymes   help organisms maintain homeostasis
5.  How is energy released from  ATP? A P P ADP P A P P P ATP + + Energy To another molecule Phosphorylation
magnification Eyepiece X Objective lens = 6.  How is the total magnification of a microscope calculated?
7.  List the three parts of the  Cell Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],2) Cells are organisms’  basic units  of structure and function 3)  Cells come only from existing cells
8.  What are the  functions of proteins? ,[object Object],[object Object]
9.  Give examples of the following carbohydrates. Polysaccharides starch cellulose glycogen Monosaccharide glucose Disaccharides  lactose  found in milk sucrose  table sugar
10. What factor limits cell size? Surface to Volume Ratio ratio between its volume and outer surface area ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],P rophase M etaphase A naphase T elophase
1.   Prophase ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.   Metaphase ,[object Object]
3.   Anaphase ,[object Object]
4.   Telophase ,[object Object],[object Object]
12.  How does the cell membrane maintain homeostasis? cell  membrane is  selectively permeable only certain materials pass in  and out of the cell cell maintains homeostasis
[object Object],[object Object],Cell Tissue Organ Organ system a. b. c. d.
[object Object],[object Object],Egg Sperm
[object Object],[object Object],6O 2 oxygen C 6 H 12 O 6 glucose 6H 2 O water 6CO 2 carbon dioxide + + light energy Products Reactants
[object Object],[object Object],6CO 2 carbon dioxide + 6H 2 O water
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],T C G A A T C G Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Nitrogen Bases Base Pairing A-T T-A C-G G-C
[object Object],[object Object],1. DNA is a  double chain  of  nucleotides. 2. DNA has the  5-carbon sugar deoxyribose. 3. DNA has the nitrogen base thymine. 1. RNA is a  single chain  of  nucleotides. 2. RNA has the 5- carbon sugar ribose. 3. RNA has the nitrogen base uracil. DNA RNA
20.  How many chromosomes does a  normal human body cell contain?   23 pairs 46
21.  Who developed the  Theory of Evolution? Charles Darwin
22.  What type of genetic disorder  is hemophilia? ,[object Object],[object Object],Sex-Linked Traits
23.  Explain Mendel’s  principle of dominance and recessiveness. ,[object Object],P 1 F 1 F 2
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],24. Using the letters  A   and  a , write the  alleles for the following AA aa Aa
25.  What happens to the number of chromosomes during  meiosis? division of the nucleus that  reduces   the number of chromosomes  by half reduces   the number  of chromosomes  by half 46 X 23
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],grass mouse snake hawk
27.  What happens to the number of  chromosomes during mitosis? 46 (2N) 46 (2N) 46 (2N) It Remains The  Same 2 identical  Daughter cells are created
[object Object],Energy less  Energy Less biomass
29.  How many nitrogen bases code  for one amino acid in a protein? 3 (Triplet) A C G each DNA triplet codes for an amino acid
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mitosis Meiosis
31.  What must organisms do in a changing environment if they are to survive? Move away Adapt
32.  What is the ultimate source  of energy for most living things? SUN The
[object Object],phenotype genotype r R r r r r r r r r R R 2 Rr 2 rr 2 rough 2 smooth
34.  What happens to the amount of available energy in an energy pyramid as it moves from lower to higher trophic levels? shows the  loss of energy from one trophic level to   the next  trophic level
35.  Describe how a test cross is  used to determine the  genotype of an individual  whose phenotype is dominant. Test cross   – an individual with  unknown genotype   is  crossed with a   homozygous recessive   individual
36.  How are the offspring produced  by asexual reproduction different  from the offspring produced by  sexual reproduction? Only needs  one parent Binary fission Budding
37.  What is the relationship between  genotype and phenotype? Genotype   genetic  makeup     of an  organism physical  characteristics   of an organism ( genes ) Phenotype External Internal
This  is  The Finale 9th Beethoven's
 
 
 

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Bio final review game 10 2 (1)

  • 1. Biology Exam Review Basic Chem. Cell Biology Genetics Evolution Microscope Ecology Lab safety Life Processes
  • 2. Let's Put all the Pieces Together
  • 4. compounds that contain carbon (derived from living things ) organic compound
  • 5. Starch form in which store glucose plants A Carbohydrate
  • 6. glycogen form in which store glucose animals A Carbohydrate
  • 7. region on an enzyme that can bind with a specific substrate or substrates Active site
  • 8.
  • 9. unicellular organism that consists of only one cell
  • 10. osmosis diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
  • 11. active transport movement of substances in to or out of cells against a concentration gradient Needs energy= ATP
  • 12. tissue group of similar cells that perform a common function Ex – muscle tissue
  • 13.
  • 15.
  • 16. glucose supplies energy for the cell’s metabolic activities sugar
  • 17. How are you doing? Let’s continue
  • 18. replication process by which DNA is duplicated before a cell divides
  • 19. Eukaryote a multicelllular organism whose cells contain complex structures inside the membranes. ...
  • 20. living things that make their own food by building organic molecules from inorganic substances autotrophic Producers
  • 21.  
  • 22. heterotrophic living things that take in food from other sources Consumers
  • 23. Evolution theory that species change over time
  • 24. Ecosystem Community Population habitat consumer producer decomposer predator Prey Carrying capacity niche Ecological Balance
  • 25. ecosystem a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment
  • 26. population group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed
  • 27. community group of various species that live in the same place and interact with each other
  • 28. decomposer breakdown of complex organic substances in to simpler ones
  • 29.
  • 30. isotonic concentration of water inside cell concentration of water outside cell Equal
  • 31. hypotonic concentration of water outside cell concentration of water inside cell greater than More solute inside cell
  • 32. Hypertonic concentration of water inside cell concentration of water outside cell greater than More solute outside cell
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35. human sex cells Haploid ( n ) cell that has only one chromosome of each homologous pair 23 Total
  • 36. Diploid ( 2n ) cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair 46 Total human body cells or 23 Pairs
  • 37. Natural selection living things come only from other living things Biogenesis
  • 38. living things that affect an organism plants animals dead parts nonliving parts air water rocks light temperature biotic factors abiotic factors
  • 39. Cancer abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells that can spread from one part of the body to another
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51. XY Male X X Female 2. What are the sex chromosomes of a normal human male and female?
  • 52. 3. List the steps of the scientific method 1. State the Problem 2. Form a Hypothesis 3. Test the Hypothesis 5. Form a Conclusion 4 . Record and Analyze Data (repeat) work Educated guess Answer Question Experiment charts, graphs, tables 6. Replicate
  • 53.
  • 54. 5. How is energy released from ATP? A P P ADP P A P P P ATP + + Energy To another molecule Phosphorylation
  • 55. magnification Eyepiece X Objective lens = 6. How is the total magnification of a microscope calculated?
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58. 9. Give examples of the following carbohydrates. Polysaccharides starch cellulose glycogen Monosaccharide glucose Disaccharides lactose found in milk sucrose table sugar
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 65. 12. How does the cell membrane maintain homeostasis? cell membrane is selectively permeable only certain materials pass in and out of the cell cell maintains homeostasis
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73. 20. How many chromosomes does a normal human body cell contain? 23 pairs 46
  • 74. 21. Who developed the Theory of Evolution? Charles Darwin
  • 75.
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78. 25. What happens to the number of chromosomes during meiosis? division of the nucleus that reduces the number of chromosomes by half reduces the number of chromosomes by half 46 X 23
  • 79.
  • 80. 27. What happens to the number of chromosomes during mitosis? 46 (2N) 46 (2N) 46 (2N) It Remains The Same 2 identical Daughter cells are created
  • 81.
  • 82. 29. How many nitrogen bases code for one amino acid in a protein? 3 (Triplet) A C G each DNA triplet codes for an amino acid
  • 83.
  • 84. 31. What must organisms do in a changing environment if they are to survive? Move away Adapt
  • 85. 32. What is the ultimate source of energy for most living things? SUN The
  • 86.
  • 87. 34. What happens to the amount of available energy in an energy pyramid as it moves from lower to higher trophic levels? shows the loss of energy from one trophic level to the next trophic level
  • 88. 35. Describe how a test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual whose phenotype is dominant. Test cross – an individual with unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual
  • 89. 36. How are the offspring produced by asexual reproduction different from the offspring produced by sexual reproduction? Only needs one parent Binary fission Budding
  • 90. 37. What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype? Genotype genetic makeup of an organism physical characteristics of an organism ( genes ) Phenotype External Internal
  • 91. This is The Finale 9th Beethoven's
  • 92.  
  • 93.  
  • 94.