Visual Design - Making Data Pop
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Presentation about using Visual Design to improve data visualization.
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Visual Design - Making Data Pop
- 1. { Q u a l i t y D a t a V i s u a l i z a t i o n - M a k i n g D a t a P O P Lavina J Wiebe May 24, 2017
- 2. • What does ‘quality data visualization’ look like? • Do you know how to make your data ‘pop’ and ‘tell a good story’ to your senior management team? • Do you know how to use color and lines to differentiate the data from the ‘noise’ in your charts and graphs? • Are you aware of color blindness and the percentage of people that this affects? Introduction
- 3. • Have you considered the appropriate starting number to use for your bar or column charts and why this is important? • Do you understand how placement on a page impacts the viewer of the information and therefore the importance placed on the data being presented? • These and other questions will be answered for you today in this presentation on ‘Quality Data Visualization’. Introduction - continued
- 4. Accurate description is ‘color vision deficiency’ or ‘CVD’ • Difficulty distinguishing between certain colors • Usually Red & Green • Sometimes also Blue & Yellow • affects approximately 1 in 12 men (8%) and 1 in 200 women • approximately 4.5% of entire world population Color Blindness or CVD
- 5. Visual Perception & Memory • Iconic Memory aka Visual Sensory Register • Short-Term Memory aka Working Memory • Long-Term Memory Important to understand the relationship between memory & visual perception Visual Perception & Memory
- 6. Iconic Memory • “preattentive processing” takes place in this area of memory • Responsible for the preconcious way that our eyes pick up on items that stand out or groups sets of objects together – without conscious thought Iconic Memory
- 7. Short-Term Memory • Temporary • Portion of it is dedicated to visual information • Limited storage capacity Short-Term Memory
- 8. Important! • Can only store 3 – 9 chunks of visual information at a time • When new information is added the short-term memory is either added to long-term memory or forgotten! Why it is so very important to have dashboard groupings make sense! Short-Term Memory
- 9. Preattentive Attributes – Color Intensity 98765432190392049383949900000 98333374490959900339837738200 93800669935999307778773994999 39393045930940393939004084312 98765432190392049383949900000 98333374490959900339837738200 93800669935999307778773994999
- 10. Preattentive Attributes – Color Intensity 98765432190392049383949900000 98333374490959900339837738200 93800669935999307778773994999 39393045930940393939004084312 98765432190392049383949900000 98333374490959900339837738200 93800669935999307778773994999
- 11. Preattentive Attributes – Color Intensity
- 12. Preattentive Attributes – Hue Text Text
- 15. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception - Proximity
- 16. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception –Proximity -Scanning
- 17. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception – Closure
- 18. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception – Closure
- 19. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception – Similarity
- 20. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception – Continuity
- 21. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception – Continuity Division/Department Headcount G&A Finance 15 Purchasing 5 Information Systems 17 Sales Field Sales 47 Sales Operations 10 Engineering Product Development 22 Product Marketing 5
- 22. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception – Enclosure
- 23. Gestalt Principle of Visual Perception – Connection
- 24. Dashboard Visual Design Elements – Location Emphasized Emphasized Neither emphasized Or de-emphasized Neither emphasized Or de-emphasized De-emphasized
- 25. Dashboard Visual Design Elements – Defined Groupings Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Winnipeg 2,625.0 1,395.75 Winnipeg 2,625.0 1,395.75 Edmonton 1,357.9 920.00 Edmonton 1,357.9 920.00 Calgary 756.0 579.50 Calgary 756.0 579.50 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25 Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Saskatoon 915.7 418.00 Saskatoon 915.7 418.00 Regina 4,578.1 380.00 Regina 4,578.1 380.00 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25 Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Winnipeg 2,625.0 1,395.75 Winnipeg 2,625.0 1,395.75 Edmonton 1,357.9 920.00 Edmonton 1,357.9 920.00 Calgary 756.0 579.50 Calgary 756.0 579.50 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25 Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Functional Location Planned Hours Planned Costs Saskatoon 915.7 418.00 Saskatoon 915.7 418.00 Regina 4,578.1 380.00 Regina 4,578.1 380.00 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25 Total 10,232.7 3,693.25
- 26. Defined Groupings “Using position to group items visually is a strategy that is preattentive… and thus rapidly perceived.” says Stephen Few in Information Dashboard Design. 1
- 27. Dashboard Visual Design Elements – Essential Data Pixels
- 28. Dashboard Visual Design Elements – Essential Data Pixels
- 29. Dashboard Visual Design Elements – Defined Groupings
- 30. Dashboard Visual Design Elements – Defined Groupings
- 31. First Principle of Graph Design Minimize Non-Data Ink • “Erase non-data ink, within reason”2
- 32. “Any non-data ink that serves no meaningful and necessary purpose should be erased, for it can only distract from the data.”3 “On the other hand, non-data ink that supports the display of data in useful ways, such as the ink that forms a graph’s axis lines, should remain, but its visual salience should be reduced until it’s visible enough to do it’s job but not so visible that it competes with the data for attention.”4 “Erase non-data ink, within reason”
- 33. Example of Graph - Non-Data Pixels NOT Minimized 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 Word Excel Access Outlook PowerPoint Visio SharePoint Front Page Publisher Project Microsoft Software Knowledge Number of Years
- 34. Example of Graph - Non-Data Pixels MINIMIZED 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 Word Excel Access Outlook PowerPoint Visio SharePoint Front Page Publisher Project Number of Years Microsoft Software Knowledge
- 35. Sources of Work Sources for the diagrams/charts on slides: • 2-5, and 8-19 from the book by Stephen Few “Information Dashboard Design (2006)” • All other work by Lavina J. Wiebe, contact: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lavinawiebe/
- 36. Bibliography 1 Information Dashboard Design, The Effective Visual Communication of Data, Stephen Few, O’Reilly Media Inc., Sebastopol, CA, 2006 2 The Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press, Cheshire CT, 1983, p. 96 3 Sometimes We Must Raise Our Voices, Stephen Few, Perceptual Edge, Visual Business Intelligence Newsletter, January/February 2009, p. 1 4 (ibid, p. 1)
- 37. { Q u a l i t y D a t a V i s u a l i z a t i o n - M a k i n g D a t a P O P Lavina J Wiebe May 24, 2017
Editor's Notes
- What does Quality Data visualization look like? Introduction: What does ‘quality data visualization’ look like? Do you know how to make your data ‘pop’ and ‘tell a good story’ to your senior management team? Do you know how to use color and lines to differentiate the data from the ‘noise’ in your charts and graphs? Are you aware of color blindness and the percentage of people that this affects?
- Have you considered the appropriate starting number to use for your bar or column charts and why this is important? Do you understand how placement on a page impacts the viewer of the information and therefore the importance placed on the data being presented? These and other questions will be answered for you today in this presentation on ‘Quality Data Visualization’.
- Color Blindness Or CVD Color visual deficiency Difficulty distinguishing between certain colors Usually Red & Green Sometimes Blue & Yello Affects approx 1 in 12 men (or 8% of male population) & 1 in 200 wormen
- Visual Perception & Memory Iconic Memory (aka visual sensory register) Short-Term Memory (aka working memory) Long-Term Memory Important to understand the relationship between memory & visual perception
- Visual Perception & Memory Iconic Memory (aka visual sensory register) Short-Term Memory (aka working memory) Long-Term Memory Important to understand the relationship between memory & visual perception
- Short-Term Memory Temporary Portion of it is dedicated to visual information Limited storage capacity
- Short-Term Memory Important! Can only store 3 – 9 chunks of visual information at a time When new information is added the short-term memory is either added to long-term memory or forgotten! Why it is so very important to have dash-board groupings make sense! Now for some examples of visual perception and design elements
- How many fives can you see in this grouping of numbers?
- Now how many fives can you see in this grouping of numbers? What is the difference?
- Which of the 4 squares within the rectangle matches the square on the bottom of the slide? Actually all of the gray small squares are the exact same shade of gray.
- The word “Text” is exactly the same color in both boxes.
- Which line is longer?
- Both the same length.
- Gestalt principle of visual perception – Proximity What strikes you first about these dots? Dots appear to belong to 3 separate groups rather than appearing as 10 dots.
- Gestalt Principle of visual perception – Proximity - Scanning Left tend to scan horizontally as rows whereas right tend to scan vertically as columns.
- We tend to see these as closed shapes despite the fact that they are not finished.
- Only need two axes rather than a full enclosure to define the space in which the data appears.
- Naturally group objects together if they are similar in shape, size, color, and orientation.
- Despite the breaks, we see this as a continuous wavy line.
- Continuity also explains how the indentation of text works as a means to group information.
- Any form of enclosure is seen as a group. Note both groups contain the exact same size & shape of circles but one is enclosed in a rectangle the other in shaded oval.
- Principle of connection explains why we see these dots as grouped by rows rather than columns.
- “Different degrees of visual emphasis are associated with different regions of a dashboard. The top left and center sections of the dashboard are of the greatest emphasis. The greater emphasis tied to the upper left is primarily due to the conventions of most western languages, which sequence words from left to right and top to bottom. Contrary to the influence of most reading conventions, however, the very center of the screen is also a region of strong emphasis, due to a more fundamental inclination of visual perception. … However, placing information in the center results in emphasis only when it is set apart somewhat from what surrounds it, such as through the use of white space.” (ibid, 1Stephen Few, Information Dashboard Design…)
- The four tables on the top have been separated effectively using white space alone, but the four on the bottom, because they are closer together, have been separated using light borders. “Using position to group items visually is a strategy that is preattentive… and thus rapidly perceived.” (1Stephen Few, Information Dashboard Design…)
- “Using position to group items visually is a strategy that is preattentive…and thus rapidly perceived.” says Stephen Few in Information Dashboard Design. 1
- Here we have the same two graphs that appeared earlier but this time the extra data pixels have been removed from the one on the right. Line eliminated around bars to reduce non essential data pixels so that the data stands out. Note: Only the white bars have a faint light grey outline.
- The same two graphs again but this time the extra data pixels have been lightened so the eye is drawn to the bars in the graph rather than the outline axis.
- The same two graphs used repeatedly to display a variant of groupings used effectively. This type of grouping is called “small multiples”. Relationship and one on one relationship is implied by the position of the graphs.
- The same two graphs used repeatedly to display a different variant of groupings. Once again, relationship is implied by layout of graphs.
- 1st principle of graph design Minimize non-data ink ‘erase non-data ink, within reason
- “Any non-data ink that serves no meaningful and necessary purpose should be erased, for it can only distract from the data.”3 “On the other hand, non-data ink that supports the display of data in useful ways, such as the ink that forms a graph’s axis lines, should remain, but its visual salience should be reduced until it’s visible enough to do it’s job but not so visible that it competes with the data for attention.”4
- What strikes you first when looking at the graph??? Outside line around graph draws eye away from data.
- Same Data Eliminated outside line around graph, lightened background colors, bar colors, and plot lines. Uses fewer points on axes. The data is easier to see & therefore to visually grasp.