Biochar and their Methodology and applications.

1. BIOCHAR AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
A Dissertation Work Submitted in Partial Fulfillment For
the Degree of Science in Botany
Session 2021-2022
Presented by:-
Lalit paraste
M.SC. Ivth sem.
Roll no.-20419BOT030
Under the Supervision of:-
Dr. Asha Lata
CENTRE OF ADVANCE STUDY IN BOTANY
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
VARANASI -221005

2. INTRODUCTION
BIOCHAR:-
 Carbon-rich material produced during pyrolysis process that is a thermochemical
decomposition of biomass with a temperature about ≤700°C in the absence or limited
supply of oxygen.
 Biochar, like charcoal, is a flammable solid and as such, requires
careful handling.
 Spontaneously Combustible Materials, meaning that they can self-
heat and even ignite when exposed to air.
 Biochar is a rigid amorphous carbon matrix residue that derives from
thermal degradation of lignin and hemicellulose after its high mass loss in
the form of volatiles.

3. Source Of Biochar
Crop Residue
Prosopis Juliflora
Rice Husk
Other Biomass

4. Mechanism of Biochar production
 Biochar is a carbon-enriched biomaterial generated in the
Combustion of biomass through a process is called pyrolysis.
 Pyrolysis temperature: –above 400°C(Absence of O2)
 Biomass:-Crops ,forestry residures,manure, municipal
and industrial waste.
 Fine –grained charcoal high in organic carbon that
Is resistant to decomposition.
 Created after heating of biomass in the absence of
Oxygen.

5.  Biochar as soil improvement for remediation of polluted soil
Application of biochar speeds up organic compounds bioremediation, which aims at increasing the
petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading microbial activities in biochar- amended soils. Metalloids may not
be eliminated from the soil.
Biochar act as fertilizer it can increase microbial activity and helps retention of nutrient in the soil.
 Biochar and greenhouse gases
The key cause of changes in the climate is the increase in (GHG) and global warming, but
carbondioxide (CO2) emission contributes above 77%. The carbon (IV) oxide emission over soil
respiration is about 10 times higher compared to that produced from the burning of fossil
fuel.Biochar pyrolyzed temperature afeects biochar potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
 Biochar cation exchange capacity (CEC)
Biochar CEC has more capability in adsorbing cations, for example, NH4
+, Ca
2+, etc., which are
necessary nutrients for plants. Consequently, biochar, which has a high level of cation exchange
capacity, can reduce nutrient leaching losses from soils . CEC expresses the total interchangeable
cations for example Na
+, Ca
2+, NH4
+, K
+, Mg
2+), which is capable of holding a material .
Application of Biochar

6.  Removal of organic pollutants
The biochar application for the removing organic pollutants from soil is very essential
particularly for the removal of fungicide, herbicides and pesticides; including
insecticides.
 Carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestration refers to this process of
storing carbon in soil organic matter and thus
removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Biochar is produced from burning organic material at
high temperatures with little to no oxygen availability.
 Water Holding Capacity – When added to soil
increase water holding capacity from 11wt% -22wt%.
 Water Purifier – Biochar converted into fine powder
it can act as water purifier.

7. Conclusion
 BIOCHAR has been found to agriculturally significant soil parameter such
as soil PH,cation exchange capacity and soil water holding capacity.
 It helps reduce GHG emissions and sustain carbon sequestration.
 Store recalcitrant from of carbon in soil.
 Help overcome waste land by recalcitrant of the soil.

8. THANK YOU !