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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
A tour guide is a person who leads groups of people
around a town, museum, or other tourist venue. The tour
guide provides a commentary on the features and history of
the location. The tours can be from as little as 10-15
minutes to extended periods over many days. Considerable
importance is placed on the guide's knowledge of local
stories, history and culture depending on the location of
the tour. This is a course for learning or validating the
skills and duties involved in tour guiding for a tourism
organization.
The tasks and responsibilities of a tour guide include
the following: describe tour points of interest to group
members, and respond to questions, escort individuals or
groups on cruises, sightseeing tours, or through places of
interest such as industrial establishments, public
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
buildings, and art galleries, conduct educational activities
for school children, monitor visitors' activities to ensure
compliance with establishment or tour regulations and safety
practices, provide directions and other pertinent
information to visitors, greet and register visitors, and
issue any required identification badges or safety devices,
distribute brochures and explain establishment processes and
operations at tour sites and research various topics,
including site history, environmental conditions, and
clients' skills and abilities to plan appropriate
expeditions, instruction, and commentary.
Filipinos are fun-loving and friendly people.
Throughout the islands, there are festivals celebrated every
day and foreign guests are always welcome in their homes.
Theoretical Framework
Expectancy Theory proposes that a person will decide to
behave or act in a certain way because they are motivated to
select a specific behavior over other behaviors due to what
they expect the result of that selected behavior will be.
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
In essence, the motivation of the behavior selection is
determined by the desirability of the outcome. However, at
the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an
individual processes the different motivational elements.
This is done before making the ultimate choice. The outcome
is not the sole determining factor in making the decision of
how to behave.
Expectancy theory is about the mental processes
regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes
that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study
of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is
a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of
the Yale School of Management.
"This theory emphasizes the needs for organizations to
relate rewards directly to performance and to ensure that
the rewards provided are those rewards deserved and wanted
by the recipients."
Victor H. Vroom (2004) defines motivation as a process
governing choices among alternative forms of voluntary
activities, a process controlled by the individual. The
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
individual makes choices based on estimates of how well the
expected results of a given behavior are going to match up
with or eventually lead to the desired results. Motivation
is a product of the individual’s expectancy that a certain
effort will lead to the intended performance, the
instrumentality of this performance to achieving a certain
result, and the desirability of this result for the
individual, known as valence.
Dependency theory, also referred to as core-periphery
theory, is based upon the inter-relationship
between development and underdevelopment. The term
“dependency” can be used to signify economic, social or
political dependency, but in reality these different types
of dependency are all inter-related. Economic dependency
often leads to social and political dependency, with the
latter two may be more difficult to establish in an
objective manner. Tourism development may exhibit the
symptoms of dependency theory when it results in the
enrichment of developed metropolitan areas at the expense of
poorer, underdeveloped regions. International examples often
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
cited tend to be small island states in close proximity to
large industrialized economies (such as Caribbean tourism
destinations). However, dependency theory has also been
cited for the larger landmasses of Afro-Asia and Latin
America. One could argue in most of these cases that the
weakness of the internal political and economic structures
made it likely that they would become dependent
upon other nations during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries.
With the advent of mass tourism, even those countries
that were not sought out for their mineral deposits, slave
labor, strategic military locations or agricultural climates
were inevitably going to be brought into the dependency
chain. But dependency theory may also relate to domestic
tourism where sparsely populated peripheral regions find
that their economic structures have been distorted by the
demands derived by tourism activity. Many issues surrounding
tourism developments, such as second homes, often involve
dependency. For instance, the land and general price
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
inflation that may be associated with tourism development
may make it impossible for local residents to purchase their
own homes or to survive in the area while engaged in more
traditional industries. This then makes the local economy
dependent upon tourism for its survival. The underlying
thesis of dependency theory is that the so-called developed
areas are subject to sustained indigenous growth, whereas
underdeveloped areas exhibit reliance upon external factors
and, as such, derive their growth from the developed or
'metropolitan' areas: hence the term dependency.
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
The local Will
tourist’s extent to the
perception to Qualities of
the Filipino Survey a Tour Guide:
Tour Guides Questionnaires.
in terms of: Good
Interview and communic
Personal Statistical and ation
ity; treatment of skills
Communic Data Analysis. Knowledg
ation e
Skills Interpretation
and of Gathered Personal
Technica Data. integrit
l y
Skills? Professi
onal
appearan
ce
Sense of
humor
Punctual
ity
Tactfuln
FEEDBACK ess
Fig. 1 Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
Figure 1 illustrates the different variables that
affect the expectations of Local Tourist to Filipino Tour
Guides. These input variables greatly affect their job
performances. The variables are: The job performance along
personality effectiveness wherein Filipino tour guides are
well groomed, has a sense of anticipation, and good manners;
along communication skills wherein Filipino tour guides
communicate effectively with tourists, expresses ideas
clearly and uses refined language in dealing with others;
along skill efficiency and quality of work wherein Filipino
tour guides possesses knowledge in handling tourists’ day to
day activity, arranges itinerary, and schedules effectively
and; along public relations wherein tour guides shows
genuine respect for human personalities, maintain good
rapport between tourist – tour guide relationships.
All customers have different needs and want that need
to be fulfilled. These needs and wants build up their
expectations of the tourism product purchased. If these
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
input factors are valued, carefully examined and objectively
implemented more likely Filipino tour guides tend to
display: maintain personal effectiveness, proper
communication techniques, improved and upgraded performance
and competencies and good feedback to tourists.
Statement of the Problem
This study is intended to find out the expectations and
perceptions of tourists towards Filipino tour guides. More
specifically, the researchers sought to answer the following
questions:
1. How do the local tourists perceive the Filipino Tour
Guides in terms of:
1.1 Personality;
1.2 Communication Skills and
1.3 Technical Skills?
2. Is there a significant difference on perception of
the local tourist to the Filipino Tour Guides using the
above mentioned variables?
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
3. From the findings of the study, what do the
researchers recommend?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the perception of
the local tourists to the Filipino Tour Guides when grouped
according to sex.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to the following scope: the
researchers will rely on information that will be gathering
from the Filipino Tourists and some person will be able to
help by giving information and ideas regarding the research
work. A questionnaire will be distributed during the
personal interview with the Filipino people, and tour
guides.
Significance of the Study
The study will benefit the following: as guide for the
Filipino people especially the tourism students, tour
guides, the Department of the Tourism and the people
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
concerned to Tourism Industry. To be aware with the
perception, expectation, wants, needs and motives of the
Filipino tourist. The researchers will work hard together to
encourage and motivate the Filipino people to travel around
the country.
To the Filipino Tourists. Knowing the performance of
tour guides in a certain firm, may provide some strategies
in teaching and guidelines for the implementation of
functional guidance program and activities that will benefit
for the students taking up tourism course or to the future
tour guides.
To the Students/Future Tour Guides. It may provide some
insights as to how to impart good tour guide skills needed
in a certain firm.
To the Tour Guides. To understand the condition of
performance of tour guides’ task and its relationship to
personal effectiveness, communication, skill efficiency and
quality of work, and public relations that is necessary so
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
as to help them in facing their problems and be able to
overcome and eliminate them as they become fully successful;
and to be able to know their strength and weaknesses as tour
guides who yearns for more efficient employee.
To the Travel Agencies. To serve as the base for
travel agency with regards to hiring of their tour guides.
Travel agencies may be able to determine which is more
employable, if it is the single tour guides or married ones.
The improvement of better tour guiding that may result from
this study may lead to a better employer’s employee
relationship; good rapport between the company and their
tour guides same with the other employees in the company.
Definition of Terms
The researchers believe that some terms need
clarification in order to impart his ideas clearly. These
terms are defined as they are used in this research.
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
Communication Skills. This refers to the expression of
ideas clearly to clients, using refined language in dealing
with others; utilizes regular channel of communication.
Perceived. This refers to become aware of directly
through any of the senses, especially sight or hearing.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/perceived
Perception. This refers to the act or faculty of
apprehending by means of the senses or of the mind;
cognition; understanding. Immediate or intuitive
recognition or appreciation, as of moral, psychological, or
aesthetic qualities; insight; intuition; discernment: an
artist of rare perception.
Personality. This refers to individual characteristics
of one person that reflects to himself.
Public relation. This refers to the methods and
activities employed by an individual, organization, or
government to promote a favorable relationship with the
public.
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EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
Technical Skill. This refers to the proficiency,
ability or dexterity; in typing, dictation and keeping
records.
Tour Guide. This refers to a person who guides visitors
in the language of their choice and interprets the cultural
and natural heritage of an area.
Tourists. This refers to the person who travels for
pleasure, usually sightseeing and staying in hotels.