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1 
Introduction to Training
2 
Objectives 
This training is designed to adequately 
equip you for the challenges ahead as a 
trainer
3 
Instructor Basics 
Think of the best instructors you 
have flown with?
4 
Instructor Basics 
Think of the worst instructors you have 
flown with?
5 
Instructor Basics 
What sort of instructor would you 
like to be?
6 
Instructor Basics 
Why Did You Want To Become An Instructor?
7 
Instructor Basics
8 
The Appropriate Attitude? 
You are disappointed with pre 
flight briefings. It is just as 
easy to discuss in the air. 
You strictly follow the 
syllabus, regardless of student 
progress? 
You are very good at telling 
your students what went 
wrong. You see everything? 
Your way is the only 
way. You are never 
wrong? 
If your trainee comes unprepared 
and doesn’t know his stuff that’s his 
problem, not yours.
9 
The Role Of The Trainer
10 
The Role Of The Examiner 
The Examiner’s basic function is to ensure 
that before a candidate is cleared to 
operate, his performance is of a standard 
required by the Examiner’s company and the 
CAA.
11 
Trainer vs. Examiner 
What is the difference between a Trainer 
and an Examiner? 
• Trainer’s function is to provide a trainee with the technical 
knowledge and training to meet the standards required by the 
company and the CAA. 
• Examiner’s role is to ensure that the trainee can carry out the 
manoeuvres and drills required ‘satisfactorily and unassisted’.
What Is The Learning Process? 
• Adults need to 
know why 
12 
Purpose for 
Learning 
Concept of being 
Responsible 
• They resent and 
resist situations in 
which they feel 
others are imposing 
their wills upon 
them 
• Greater quantity 
and quality of 
experience 
• Group discussion 
and simulation 
exercises 
Emphasis on 
Techniques that 
use Experience 
Need for Learning 
• Adults are ready to 
learn when they 
see a need for 
learning
What Is The Learning Process? 
• More efficient learning 
when the context is 
orientated to assist 
dealing with tasks or 
problems 
13 
Learning in 
Context 
Motivation 
• Adults are effected by 
external motivation 
• Internal motivation 
through job 
satisfaction / self 
esteem 
• Facilitated when the 
student participates 
Participation 
Participating 
Actively 
• Adults learn 
substantially more by 
participating actively 
rather than passively
14 
What Is The Learning Process? 
Active 
participation 
by the 
learner 
Purpose of 
the content 
Effective 
teaching / 
learning 
process
15 
Needs Of The Trainee 
“I never teach my pupils, I only attempt to 
provide conditions in which they can learn ” 
Albert Einstein
16 
Needs Of The Trainer
17 
Needs of Our 
Customers 
Safety & 
Comfort 
OTP 
Cheapest 
Price
18 
What Are The Obstacles To 
Effective Training?
19 
What Are The Obstacles To Effective Training? 
Cadets 
Helicopter 
Pilots 
Turbo 
Prop 
Pilots 
Military 
Pilots 
Command
20 
Training In An Aircraft 
• Safety issues 
•Weather 
• Airfield / ATC 
• RT 
• MEL / CDL 
• Normal daily management PLUS Training
21 
Line Training – How to Instruct 
Teaching / Briefing 
Listening Skills 
Intervention
22 
Instructor Responsibilities
23 
The Training Cycle 
Knowledge-Skill-Attitude Graph 
Agree Changes 
High Knowledge - 
Facilitate 
Low Knowledge 
- Instruct 
High Skill - Practice 
Low Skill - Demonstrate 
Attitude
24 
Threat and Error 
Management – The Concept 
“Defensive flying for pilots”
25 
Threat Definition 
 Occurs outside the influence of the crew 
 Increases the operational complexity 
 Requires crew attention if safety margins are to 
be maintained
Can be divided into two categories: 
26 
Threats 
Environmental Flight Operational
27 
Environmental Threats 
Airport 
ATC 
Adverse 
Weather 
Environmental
28 
Operational Threats 
Aircraft Dispatch 
Cabin 
Operational 
Pressure 
Ramp 
Manuals / 
Charts
29 
Error Definition 
 Flight crew actions or inactions that: 
 Lead to a deviation from crew intentions or expectations 
 Reduce safety margins 
 Increase the probability of adverse operational events
30 
Errors 
Flight crew errors can be divided into three types: 
Procedural 
Aircraft Handling Communication
31 
Aircraft Handling Errors 
Automation Systems 
Manual 
Flying 
Flight 
Control
32 
Procedural Errors 
Callouts Documentation 
Briefings 
Checklist 
PF/PNF
33 
Communication Errors 
Cross 
Verification 
External 
Inter Crew

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Introduction for New Pilot Trainers

  • 1. 1 Introduction to Training
  • 2. 2 Objectives This training is designed to adequately equip you for the challenges ahead as a trainer
  • 3. 3 Instructor Basics Think of the best instructors you have flown with?
  • 4. 4 Instructor Basics Think of the worst instructors you have flown with?
  • 5. 5 Instructor Basics What sort of instructor would you like to be?
  • 6. 6 Instructor Basics Why Did You Want To Become An Instructor?
  • 8. 8 The Appropriate Attitude? You are disappointed with pre flight briefings. It is just as easy to discuss in the air. You strictly follow the syllabus, regardless of student progress? You are very good at telling your students what went wrong. You see everything? Your way is the only way. You are never wrong? If your trainee comes unprepared and doesn’t know his stuff that’s his problem, not yours.
  • 9. 9 The Role Of The Trainer
  • 10. 10 The Role Of The Examiner The Examiner’s basic function is to ensure that before a candidate is cleared to operate, his performance is of a standard required by the Examiner’s company and the CAA.
  • 11. 11 Trainer vs. Examiner What is the difference between a Trainer and an Examiner? • Trainer’s function is to provide a trainee with the technical knowledge and training to meet the standards required by the company and the CAA. • Examiner’s role is to ensure that the trainee can carry out the manoeuvres and drills required ‘satisfactorily and unassisted’.
  • 12. What Is The Learning Process? • Adults need to know why 12 Purpose for Learning Concept of being Responsible • They resent and resist situations in which they feel others are imposing their wills upon them • Greater quantity and quality of experience • Group discussion and simulation exercises Emphasis on Techniques that use Experience Need for Learning • Adults are ready to learn when they see a need for learning
  • 13. What Is The Learning Process? • More efficient learning when the context is orientated to assist dealing with tasks or problems 13 Learning in Context Motivation • Adults are effected by external motivation • Internal motivation through job satisfaction / self esteem • Facilitated when the student participates Participation Participating Actively • Adults learn substantially more by participating actively rather than passively
  • 14. 14 What Is The Learning Process? Active participation by the learner Purpose of the content Effective teaching / learning process
  • 15. 15 Needs Of The Trainee “I never teach my pupils, I only attempt to provide conditions in which they can learn ” Albert Einstein
  • 16. 16 Needs Of The Trainer
  • 17. 17 Needs of Our Customers Safety & Comfort OTP Cheapest Price
  • 18. 18 What Are The Obstacles To Effective Training?
  • 19. 19 What Are The Obstacles To Effective Training? Cadets Helicopter Pilots Turbo Prop Pilots Military Pilots Command
  • 20. 20 Training In An Aircraft • Safety issues •Weather • Airfield / ATC • RT • MEL / CDL • Normal daily management PLUS Training
  • 21. 21 Line Training – How to Instruct Teaching / Briefing Listening Skills Intervention
  • 23. 23 The Training Cycle Knowledge-Skill-Attitude Graph Agree Changes High Knowledge - Facilitate Low Knowledge - Instruct High Skill - Practice Low Skill - Demonstrate Attitude
  • 24. 24 Threat and Error Management – The Concept “Defensive flying for pilots”
  • 25. 25 Threat Definition  Occurs outside the influence of the crew  Increases the operational complexity  Requires crew attention if safety margins are to be maintained
  • 26. Can be divided into two categories: 26 Threats Environmental Flight Operational
  • 27. 27 Environmental Threats Airport ATC Adverse Weather Environmental
  • 28. 28 Operational Threats Aircraft Dispatch Cabin Operational Pressure Ramp Manuals / Charts
  • 29. 29 Error Definition  Flight crew actions or inactions that:  Lead to a deviation from crew intentions or expectations  Reduce safety margins  Increase the probability of adverse operational events
  • 30. 30 Errors Flight crew errors can be divided into three types: Procedural Aircraft Handling Communication
  • 31. 31 Aircraft Handling Errors Automation Systems Manual Flying Flight Control
  • 32. 32 Procedural Errors Callouts Documentation Briefings Checklist PF/PNF
  • 33. 33 Communication Errors Cross Verification External Inter Crew