1.
L«a‘a¡ ü£L¡lfœ
fËLÒf¢V l¦f¡u-el SeÉ nË£j¢a henË£ ¢pLc¡l jq¡n-ul Aj§mÉ
Ef-cn, ¢el¢h¢µRæ pq-k¡N£a¡ J Evp¡q c¡-el SeÉ a¡-L Bj¡l
Ni£l nËÜ¡ Hhw AL«¢œj L«a‘a¡ J ApwMÉ deÉh¡c S¡e¡Cz
S£he¢h‘¡e ¢hi¡­Nl pq¢nrL nË£ ­L±n¡e l¡u jq¡nu­L a¡l
pq-k¡N£a¡l SeÉ ApwMÉ deÉh¡c S¡e¡Cz
a¡w-

2.
R¡­œl ü¡rl
nwp¡fœ
Haà¡l¡ nwp¡¢ua Ll¡ q-µR -k "GMO Hhw Hl BbÑ p¡j¡¢SL J
ü¡-ÙÛÉl Efl fËi¡h' fËLÒf¢V Bj¡l ašÄ¡hd¡­e L¢eú ­c LaÑ«L
L«a¥vL«ø fËLÒfz
Ef¢lEš² ¢n­l¡e¡­j fËLÒfVC EµQj¡dÉ¢jL hÉhq¡¢lL S£he¢h‘¡e
fl£r¡ 2022-2023 H L¢e×L -c -fn L-l-Rz
HC fËLÒf¢V B-N LM-e¡ -fn Ll¡ qu¢ez

3.
ÙÛ¡e :
a¡w : ¢n¢rL¡l ü¡rl
p§Q£fœ :
• i¥¢jL¡ ........ fªù¡ ew - 1
• mrÉ J E­ŸnÉ ......... fªù¡ ew - 1
• L¡-Sl fkÑ¡-m¡Qe¡ ....... fªù¡ ew - 2
• fË-u¡N ............ fªù¡ ew - 3
• VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL E¢ác ....... fªù¡ ew - 4-7

4.
• VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL E¢ác Ap¤¤¢hd¡...... fªù¡ ew - 4
• VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL fË¡Z£ .... fªù¡ ew - 9-11
• J AeÉ¡eÉ ­r­œ a¡l fË­u¡N fªù¡ ew - 12
i¥¢jL¡ (Introduction) :
S£-hl j-dÉ fR¾cj¡¢gL h¡C-ll -L¡e ¢Se Y¥¢L-u, JC S£h-L Bj¡-cl L¡-S
m¡N¡-e¡ quz Hje h¢ql¡Na S£e pw-k¡Se-L GMO (Genetically Modified
Organism) h¡ -S-e¢VLÉ¡¢m f¢lh¢aÑa S£h h-mz
GMO Hl p¡q¡kÉ ¢e-u Bj¡-cl BbÑ p¡j¡¢SL f¢lhaÑe OV¡-e¡ k¡uz HC
dl­el LaL…¢m GMO qm - Bt npÉ, Bt a¥-m¡, Bt ­h…e, VÊ¡¾pSH¢eL
E¢ác J fË¡Z£ CaÉ¡¢cz
mrÉ J E­ŸnÉ :

5.
GMO Bd¤¢eL L¡­m ¢exp­¾c­q HL¢V ¢hÒfhz npÉ ­r­œ AeÉ¡eÉ E¢á­c
fË¡Z£-a GMO Hl fË-u¡-N j¡e¤-ol LmÉ¡Z p¡de q-µRz Hhw j¡e¤-ol
BbÑp¡j¡¢SL Eæ¢ap¡de q-µR fËL«af-r, j¡e¤-ol BbÑ p¡j¡¢SL Eæ¢a
pÇf-LÑ Sepj-r Ju¡¢Lhq¡m Ll¡l SeÉ HC fËLÒf¢V NËqZ Ll¡ q-u-Rz
L¡-Sl fkÑ¡-m¡Qe¡ (Review of Work) :
GMO AbÑ¡v -S-e¢VLÉ¡¢m j¢Xg¡-uX AlNÉ¡¢eSj HL¢V
phÑ¡d¤¢eL ¢hou, H ¢ho­u ¢h­no ‘¡e M¤h Lj­m¡­Ll B­Rz k¡l¡ HC
¢hou ¢e-u N-hoe¡ Ll-Re, a¡-cl L¡-R ¢N-u, Bjl¡ ¢hou¢V ¢e-u B-m¡Qe¡
Ll¢Rz Hl SeÉ ¢h¢iæ g¡-jÑ ¢N-u Q¡ofÜ¢a fkÑ-hrZ L-l¢Rz ¢h¢iæ
Biotechnology College Hl ¢nrL­cl L¡R ­b­LJ Bjl¡ ‘¡e m¡i L­l¢Rz HR¡s¡J
fËLÒf¢V l¦f¡u-el SeÉ Biotechnology Hl ¢h¢iæ hC AdÉ¡ue L-l¢Rz

6.
Bacillus Thuringinsis e¡jL hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡l ¢Se ­h…e N¡­R, J a¥­m¡
N¡­R fË­u¡N L¢l­u Eš² E¢á­cl ¢SeNa f¢lhaÑe O¢V­u, L£i¡­h Bt a¥-m¡,
Bt ­h…e °a¢l Ll¡ q­µR, a¡ g¡­jÑ ¢N­u fkÑ­hrZJ L­l¢Rz
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL E¢ác (Transgenic Plants) :
j¡¢V­a hph¡pL¡l£ hÉ¡ƒ¢lu¡j Agrobecterium
Tumefaciens -L hÉhq¡l L-l, E¢á-c ¢h¢iæ S£-el
Ae¤fË­hn OV¡­e¡ quz HC hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡j Hl j­dÉ HL¢V fÔ¡p¢jX
B­R, k¡l j¡dÉ­j S£e ÙÛ¡e¡¿¹l Ll¡ quz HC hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡j
¢h¢iæ E¢á­c œ²¡Ee Nm ­l¡N pª¢ø L­lz œ²¡Ee Nm
HLdl-Zl E¢á-cl V¥j¡lz fÔ¡p¢jX¢V-L hm¡ qu Ti fÔ¡p¢jX
HC fÔ¡p¢j-Xl j-dÉ HL¢V -R¡V V¥L-l¡ DNA B-R k¡-L

7.
T-DNA h­mz kMe HC hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡j ­L¡e E¢á­c
pwœ²jZ OV¡u aMe Ti Plasmid -b-L T-DNA
E¢ác-L¡-n fË-hn L-l, E¢á­cl ¢eSü ­œ²¡­j¡­S¡­jl
DNA Hl p¡­b k¤š² quz HC T-DNA ­L ­iƒl
¢qp¡-h hÉhq¡l L-l, ¢h¢iæ ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa S£e E¢ác-L¡-n
fË-hn L¢l-u, Transgenic Plants °a¢l Ll¡ q-µRz

8.
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL E¢á-cl Ec¡qlZ :
j¡¢V-a hph¡pL¡l£ Agrobecterium Tumefaciensis
EµQrja¡ pÇfæ V¢„e fc¡bÑ (­fË¡¢Ve) °a¢l L­l k¡ fa‰
J -fø-L dÆwp Ll-a prjz HC Bt V¢„e¢V j¡e¤­ol
f-r r¢aL¡lL euz ¢L¿¹¥ H-L hÉhq¡l M¤¢hC hÉ¡up¡-frz
­pCSeÉ hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡l V¢„e Evf¡cL S£e¢V­L E¢á­cl,
­œ²¡­j¡­S¡­j ÙÛ¡fe L­l ¢c­m, E¢ác¢V ¢e­SC V¢„e
Evf¡ce Ll­a prj quz V¢„e fËÙ¹¥aL¡l£ ¢Se¢V-L
T-DNA Hl p¡-b -l¢ØVÊLn¡e H-ä¡¢eE¢LÓ-uS Ev-pQL
hÉhq¡l L-l S¥-s -cJu¡ quz Hlfl T-DNA ¢V-L
Ti-Plasmide fË­hn Ll¡­e¡ quz V¢„e fËÙ¹¥aL¡l£
S£epq T-DNA E¢ác -c-q fË-hn L-lz E¢á-cl
­œ²¡j­S¡­jl DNA Hl p¡­b k¤š² q­u VÊ¡¾p¢Se N¢Wa quz
VÊ¡¾p¢Se k¤š² S£h­L¡n­L fme j¡dÉ­j l¡M­m, a¡
¢hi¡¢Sa q-u NWe L­lz HC LÉ¡m¡p ­L¡n…¢m­L
j¡¢V-a hfe L-l, VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL E¢ác °a¢l Ll¡ quz
f¢lr¡N¡-l VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL E¢ác
°a¢l

9.
Bt -a¥m¡ (Bt-Cotton) :
S¡f¡e£ S£h¢h‘¡­e C¢nJu¡V¡ ¢p­NV¡­e
1901 HL¢V hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡j B¢hú¡l L­l
k¡ HL¢V V¢„e fc¡bÑz HC V¢„e Bt
V¢„e e¡­j f¢l¢Qaz °Sh fËk¤¢š² ¢hcÉ¡l
à¡l¡ HC V¢„e fc¡bÑ a¥­m¡ N¡­Rl DNA
-a ÙÛ¡fe L-l Bt a¥-m¡ °a¢l Ll¡ quz
k¡l g-m HC Bt a¥-m¡N¡R L£VfË¢a-l¡d
J EµQgmen£mz haÑj¡-e HC Bt a¥-m¡l hÉ¡fL Q¡o q-µRz
Bt-­h…e (Bt-Brinjal) :
j¡e¤­ol M¡cÉ ¢qp¡­h hÉhq©a phS£…¢ml j­dÉ
E­õM­k¡NÉ HL¢V ph¢S qm ­h…ez ¢L¿¹¥ HC
gpm¢V­L ­f¡L¡j¡Ls J AeÉ¡eÉ L£V fa­‰l
q¡a -b-L lr¡ Ll¡ M¤hC LøLlz a¡C haÑj¡-e
a¥­m¡ N¡­Rl eÉ¡u ­h…e N¡­RJ Agrobecterium
Bt - a¥-m¡
Bt - ­h…e

10.
TumefaciensHl V¢„e ¢Se hÉhq¡l L­l ­a¡m¡
q-u-Rz k¡ Bt ­h…e e¡­j f¢l¢Qaz H¢V HL dl­el L£V fË¢a­l¡d£ EµQgmen£m ­h…ez
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL E¢á-cl Ap¤¤¢hd¡ :
I) AÉ¡¢¾Vh¡-u¡¢VL fË¢a-l¡d : AÉ¡¢¾Vh¡-u¡¢VL fË¢a-l¡d£
GMO E¢á-cl npÉS¡a M¡cÉ ­M­u j¡eh­c­ql hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡
AÉ¡¢¾Vh¡­u¡¢VL fË¢a­l¡d q­u J­W k¡ AeÉ¡eÉ hÉ¡­ƒ¢lu¡­cl
j­dÉ J pwœ²¡¢ja qu g­m j¡e¤opq AeÉ¡eÉ S£­h­cl
j¡l¡aÈL r¢a qJu¡l pñ¡he¡ b¡-Lz
II) Ar¢aLl fa­‰l ¢hm¤¢ç :
Bt npÉ irZ Ll¡l g-m Bt n-pÉl Cry -fË¡¢V-el
fËi¡­h ¢h¢iæ EfL¡l£ J Ar¢aLl fa­‰l ¢heÉ¡p
O-Vz Hl g-m fË¡L«¢aL i¡lp¡jÉ ¢h¢OÀa quz
III) fË¡L«¢aL iÉ¡l¡C¢Vl ¢hm¤¢ç :
Bt n-pÉl VÊ¡¾p¢Se fË¡L«¢aL iÉ¡l¡C¢V-a ÙÛ¡e¡¿¹¢la
qJu¡l g-m fË¡L«¢aL iÉ¡l¡C¢Vl ü¡i¡¢hL ¢S-e¡j
¢h¢OÀa qu Hhw Hl g-m fË¡L«¢aL iÉ¡l¡¢Vl Awn
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL Ef¡-u °a¢l -N¡-ôe
l¡Cp
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL Ef¡-u °a¢l e£m¡i
-N¡m¡f g¥m

11.
¢hm¤ç q-a b¡-Lz
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL fË¡Z£
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL hª¢Ü ql-j¡e Evf¡cL S£e Cc¤y-ll
j-dÉ Y¥¢L-u A¢dL hª¢Ün£m VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL Ccy¥l °a¢l
Ll¡ pñh q-u-Rz H R¡s¡ YAC Hl p¡q¡-kÉ
j¡e¤-ol S£e Cc¤y-ll -c-q Y¥¢L-u Hje Cc¤yl
°a¢l Ll¡ pñh q-u-R, k¡ j¡e¤-ol AÉ¡¢¾Vh¢X
°a¢l Ll-a prjz
VÊ¡¾p­S¢eL fËk¤¢š²­a ¢h¢iæ fËL¡l fË¡e£ hÉhq¡l
Ll¡ quz H-cl j-dÉ E-õM-k¡NÉ qm -N¡mL«¢j,
gmj¡¢R, Hh Cc¤ylz Ù¹eÉf¡u£l p¤¤fËSee¢hcÉ¡
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL fË¡e£ (-is¡)

12.
N­hoZ¡u Cc¤yl ph­Q­u …l¦aÆf§eÑz Ccy¥­ll ­c­q hÉhq©a
fËk¤¢š² j¡e¤­ol ­r­œJ fË­k¡SÉz Cc¤y­ll VÊ¡¾p­S­e¢pp fË¢Lu¡
c¤i¡-h Ll¡ k¡u - VÊ¡ep¢Se…¢m ­k ­L¡e ­œ²¡­j¡­S¡­j a¡l Ae¤l¦f
¢Se­L fË¢aÙÛ¡¢fa L­l k¤š² Ll¡ ­k­a f¡­lz
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL Ccy¥l °a¢l :
Ccy¥-ll ¢Xð¡Z¤ -hn hs qJu¡u a¡-a Micropipette p¡q¡-kÉ DNA Cj-SLn¡e Ll¡
qmz ¢e¢oš² qJu¡l fl Cc¤y­ll ¢Xð¡Z¤­a c¤¢V ­fË¡¢eE¢LÓu¡p, k¡l¡ f­l k¤š² q­u
S¡C-N¡V ¢eE¢LÓu¡p NWe L-lz L¡y-Ql °a¢l M¤h p¤¤r
j¡C­œ²¡¢f­f­Vl p¡q¡­kÉ HL¢V ­fË¡¢eE¢LÓu¡­p
L-uL-n¡ -LÓ¡e Ll¡ pñhz Hhw a¡-a °l¢ML
DNA Ce­Sƒ Ll¡ quz HC ­LÓ¡e Ll¡
°l¢ML DNA ¢LR¥ ¢Xð¡Z¤E -k -L¡e HL¢V

13.
­œ²¡j­S¡­jl p¡­b k¤š² q­u k¡uz Hlfl S¡C­N¡V¢V
¢hi¡¢Sa q-u hÔ¡-ØV¡¢pp cn¡u -f±R¡uz Hlfl HC
hÔ¡­ØV¡¢pØV¢V­L HL¢V d¡œ£ k¡ Cc¤yl Hl ­c­q
-l¡fe Ll¡ qmz
Hl -b-L 10% -30% ¢Xð¡Z¤ ¢V-L k¡uz
H-cl j-dÉ L-uL¢V-a °l¢ML DNA fË-hn L-l,
b¡-Lz L-uL-n¡ ï¨Z °a¢l Ll-m, a¡l -b-L L-uL¢V VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL Cc¤yl °a¢l quz

14.
GMO J a¡l AeÉ¡eÉ fË-u¡N
I) E¢ác J L«¢o fËk¤¢š²¢hcÉ¡ :
haÑj¡­e L«¢o fËk¤¢š² fË¢a­l¡d£ E¢ác,
EµQ-fË¡¢Ve J ¢iV¡¢je pð¢åa M¡cÉ k¡l¡
fË¢a-l¡¢d h¡ °naÉ fË¢a-l¡d£ npÉ Evf¡ce
Ll¡ pñh q-u-Rz HC pLm E¢ác p¡jNË£
-b-LJ XÊ¡N Evf¡ce Ll¡ pñh q-u-Rz
j¢m¢LEm¡l g¡¢jÑw Hl pq¡ua¡u, e¡e¡e
Eæaj¡-el XÊ¡N Evf¡ce pñh q-u-R
II) ¢h¢iæ dl-el fË¡Z£l pª¢ø :
VÊ¡¾p-S-eL fÜ¢a j¡dÉ-j -is¡ R¡Nm, n§Ll , -N¡l¦, CaÉ¡¢c fË¡e£ hÉhq¡l
L-l ¢h¢iæ -fË¡¢Ve, -kje Bmg¡ I, AÉ¡¢¾VbË¢ðe, lš² Sj¡V h¡yd¡l fËi¡hL
IX, ¢Vp¤¤É fÔ¡p¢j-e¡-Se AÉ¡¢¾Vh¢X, é¡C¢h-e¡-Se, -NË¡b ql-j¡e
VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL Ef¡-u °a¢l -N¡l¦

15.
CaÉ¡¢c fËÙ¹¥a Ll¡ pñh q-u-Rz HR¡s¡ VÊ¡¾p-S¢eL fÜ¢a-a j¡e¤-ol ¢Se
-bl¡¢f Ll¡-e¡ q-µRz