2. The world demands more
energy every year
2
Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/image/Worldenergy.gif
09/20/2012
Introduction
3. The world demands more
energy every year
3
Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/image/Worldenergy.gif
09/20/2012
Introduction
4. The world demands more
energy every year
4
Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/image/Worldenergy.gif
09/20/2012
Introduction
5. Industrial wind turbines(IWT)
are powered by the wind
• Renewable Source
• Zero emissions
509/20/2012
Introduction
• Expensive
• Alleged health and safety concerns
• Alleged negative effect on property values
6. Environmental concerns about
wind energy are on the rise
6
Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2071816/TOM-UTLEY-The-day-I-
realised-Im-lonely-outsider-country.html09/20/2012
Introduction
7. Better siting criteria
Given both the benefits and the
concerns raised about wind energy,
my 390 requirements was to come
up with an appropriate siting
criteria that suits both sides of the
divide
709/20/2012
Introduction
8. 8
Review of Work
09/20/2012
Global
installed
capacity
Drivers for
sustained IWT
installations
Onshore
versus
offshore
construction
Wind
resource
assessment
Efficiency
of IWTs
Economics of
installation
Reported
health
issues
Introduction
Online
Reportin
g criteria
9. 909/20/2012
Introduction
GLOBAL INSTALLED WIND POWER CAPACITY (MW) - REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION
End
2010 New 2011 End 2011
AFRICA & MIDDLE
EAST Cape Verde 2 23 24
Morocco 286 5 291
Iran 90 3 91
Egypt 550 - 550
Other 137 - 137
Total 1065 31 1093
Global Installed Capacity
Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Statistics,2011
22. 2209/20/2012
Offshore compared to onshore construction
Resource
Assessment
Offshore Onshore
More wind offshore Relatively less wind
Restrictions: Shipping lanes,
oil and gas platforms, military
zones and conservations
Restrictions: Conservations,
opposition from neighbors
Potential: 4,150,000 MW Potential: 10,400,000 MW
Lower Turbulence Relatively high turbulence
High Cost of construction Relatively low cost
23. 2309/20/2012
Continental US Wind Facts at a Glance
Resource
Assessment
Source: American Wind Energy Association
Total U.S. Utility-Scale Wind Power
Capacity, Through 1st Quarter of 2012
48,611 MW
U.S. Wind Power Capacity, Installed in
2011
6,816 MW
U.S. Wind Power Capacity, Installed
in 1st Quarter of 2012
1,695 MW
U.S. Wind Power Capacity Under
Construction as of 1st Quarter of 2012
8,916 MW
U.S. Wind Power Capacity, Installed in Previous Years (including small-wind)
2010 5,216 MW
2009 10,010 MW
2008 8,366 MW
2007 5,258 MW
24. 2409/20/2012
Resource
Assessment
Source: National Renewable Energy lab, DOE
Continental US Wind Facts at a Glance
Number of States with Utility-Scale
Wind Installations, 2011
38
Number of States with over 1,000 MW
of Wind Installations, 2011
14
U.S. Wind Resource Potential, Onshore
(Source: NREL)
10,400,000 MW
U.S. Wind Resource Potential, Offshore
(Source: NREL)
4,150,000 MW
Top 5 States with Wind Power Capacity Installed, through Q1 2012
1. Texas 10,648 MW
2. Iowa 4,419 MW
3. California 4,287 MW
4. Illinois 2,852 MW
5. Minnesota 2,718 MW
30. 09/20/2012 30
Efficiency of
Installed
Capacity
Weather Limitations
Low Temperature: The mechanical properties of structural elements
such as steel and composite material change at low temperatures.
Steel becomes more brittle; its energy absorbing capacity and
deformation prior to failure are both reduced
Low temperature also increases the stress on composites. The stress
can result in micro-cracking.
These micro cracks reduce both the stiffness and the impermeability
of the material, which can contribute to the deterioration process .
Snow: It can infiltrate almost any unprotected openings where
airflow can find its way.
On the other hand, snow could also obstruct these openings and
prevent normal circulation of air
31. 3109/20/2012
Challenges of Turbine Decommissioning
Efficiency of
Installed
Capacity
Source: http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/print-edition/2011/04/29/unused-wind-farm-raises.html
32. 3209/20/2012
Health Issues related to IWTs
Challenges of
Wind
industry
The range of health grievances has previously not been described in
any medical literature.
However , there have been an increase in the number of health
related complaints made after the turbines are operational.
To the point that Health Canada has decided to study the possible
connection between noise generated by the towering turbines and
adverse health effects reported by people living close to them in
conjunction with Statistics Canada.
Results to be published in 2014.
Examples of alleged symptoms : Severe chronic sleep deprivation,
severe frequent headaches, tinnitus , ear pressure sensations ,
hyperacusis, nausea, motion sickness, vertigo symptoms, and
balance disturbances, High blood pressure etc..
33. 3309/20/2012
Property value Issues related to IWTs
Challenges of
Wind
industry
While no national study has been done, An independent study
conducted by Appraisal Group One (AGO) accessed the existing
literature on wind turbine impact on sales, an opinion survey of
realtors to learn their take on the impact of wind turbines in their
sales area and a sales study which compared vacant residential lot
sales within the wind turbine farm area to comparable sales
located outside of the turbine influence.
Reduces by about 20-30%
AGO is an appraisal company specializing in forensic appraisal, eminent
domain, stigmatized properties and valuation research.
38. 3809/20/2012
Driving Traffic to the Site
Challenges of
Wind
industry
• Leveraging the diverse MEM class who
are all on Facebook and twitter to
spread word about the site.
• I have joined certain list serves that
are both for and against wind turbines
to spread word.
39. 3909/20/2012
Authenticity of Reports Submitted
Challenges of
Wind
industry
The only safeguards now are:
• People’s integrity
• Fill out a form with your email address
and location. Multiple reports from the
same email address will be a red flag
40. 4009/20/2012
Choosing a site
Challenges of
Wind
industry
1. Area with good wind resource
2. Area with good transportation
system
3. Area where snow and ice wont be
that big of an issue during the winter
4. A place where there isn’t that much
opposition to the construction of
wind turbines based on the global
red flags that the online reporting
system will generate.
41. Acknowledgements
• Prof. Graves, 390 Professor
• Prof. Wegst, Faculty Advisor
• Dr. Raymond Hartman, My boss at GMA
• Dr. Richard Tabors
• The Review Board
41
Thank you!
09/20/2012
42. 4209/20/2012
Efficiency of
Installed
Capacity
Capital and Power Cost
Estimated capital cost $1.5 million
Actual capital cost $2 million; an overrun of 33%
The project was financed by UM cash reserves and a $50,000 cash subsidy
from the Maine Public Utilities Commission.
The estimated useful service life was about 20 years.
Predicted power production: 1,000,000 kWh/yr
Predicted capacity factor = 1,000,000 kWh/yr)/ (600 kW x 8,760 hr/yr) =
0.190
Actual power production after 1 year: 609,250 kWh
Actual capacity factor for 1 year = 609,250 kWh/yr/ (600 kW x 8,760 hr/yr)
= 0.116; a shortfall of 39%
Value of power produced = 609,250 kWh/yr x $0.125/ kWh = $76,156/yr; if
O&M and financing costs amortized over 20 years are subtracted, this
value will likely be negative.
Editor's Notes
The project team therefore agreed that decommissioning of wind turbines at the end of their useful life might pose a potentially significant expense that might be borne by the landowner or the community at large. To mitigate this risk, communities typically require a decommissioning plan and security facility to cover the cost of removal of the turbine and recovery of the site.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
Currently,
Say:
Turns out photovoltaic installations cost between 20 and 27 cents per kilowatthour over their lifetime, compared to 14 cents for Nuclear and 4 cents for natural gas generation.
The semiconductor material and manufacturing processes of PV technology are too expensive to be competitive with fossil fuel or nuclear energy technology, and have poor life spans given the costs. In order to help meet the world’s energy demand, more economical photovoltaic technology must be investigated.
