preadjusted edgewise appliance

PRE ADJUSTEDPRE ADJUSTED
EDGEWISE APPLIANCEEDGEWISE APPLIANCE
Guided by:
Dr. Suresh Kangane
Dr. Anand Ambekar
Dr. Pravinkumar Marure
Dr. Yatishkumar Joshi
Dr. Chaitanya Khanapure
Presented by:
Khushbu Agrawal

CONTENT
• History and evolution of fixed appliances
• Straight wire concept and evolution
– Evolution of SWA
– Concept of SWA
– Need for a new appliance
• Design features of fully programmed brackets
• Transition of standard edgewise to pre-adjusted
edgewise
2

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF
FIXED APPLIANCES
EDWARD ANGLE (1855-1930)
• E-Arch (1907)
Contemporary orthodontics by William Profitt, 5th
edi.
3

• Pin and Tube appliance (1912)
• Ribbon arch appliance (1915)
• Edgewise appliance (1926)
edi.
4

OTHER EARLY FIXED APPLIANCES:
•Labiolingual appliance
•Twin wire appliance
•Begg’s appliance
edi.
5

STRAIGHT WIRE
CONCEPT AND
EVOLUTION
6
STRAIGHT WIRE: The concept and appliance by Lawrence F Andrews. 1989

EVOLUTION OF SWA
7

8
• Torqued slots for upper and lower incisors
• Angulated brackets and tubes to effect tipping movements
• Importance of bracket placement parallel to LACC
• Angulated brackets on teeth adjacent to extraction
sites to aid root paralleling
• Raised brackets base of lateral
incisor by 0.016 inch
Evolution of SWA…

9
• Increased tip and torque for overcorrection
• Tip and Torqued brackets
• Building treatment into appliance
• Straight wire appliance
• Vari-Simplex Discipline
Evolution of SWA…

10
• Introduced Slot machine
• Introduced Elan and Orthos system
Evolution of SWA…

11
CONCEPT OF SWA

Study 1 :
Examination of post-
treatment occlusion
12

• Began in 1960
• Asses static occlusion
• American Board of Orthodontics, EH Angles
Society, Tweed Foundation
• Post-treatment casts
13
Examination of post-treatment
occlusion…

• Consistent features:
1. Incisors were not rotated
2. No crossbite / overjet
3. Class I molar relationship
14
Examination of post-treatment
occlusion…

• Variations in result:
1. Articulations of occlusal surface not proper
2. Long axis of teeth on either site of extraction site
not parallel
3. Inclinations and angulations varied among
patients treated with different orthodontists
4. Second molar not included in treatment
5. Interdental spaces existed frequently
6. No intraoral models or oral photographs
7. No standardization as to whether dental casts
were registered in centric occlusion or centric
relation
15

16
Study 2:
Naturally occurring
optimal occlusion

Lawrence F. Andrews noted that too
many post treated models had
obvious inadequacies, despite the
acceptable molar relationships as
described by Angle.
17
*Lawrence Andrews, The six keys to optimal occlusion. AJODO 1972(296-309)

• 120 non-orthodontic normal models were
collected between 1960-1964.
• Models selected were of teeth which –
– Had never had orthodontic treatment
– Were straight and pleasing in appearance
– Had a bite which looked generally correct
– According to author would not benefit from
orthodontic treatment
18

19
Study 3:
The six keys to optimal
occlusion

SOME IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES
1] ANDREW’S PLANE
The surface or plane on which the mid transverse
plane of every crown in an arch will fall when teeth
are optimally positioned.
20
Six keys to optimal occlusion…

2] CLINICAL CROWN
The amount of crown that can be seen intraorally
or with a study cast
21

3] FACIAL AXIS OF CLINICAL CROWN (FACC)
For all the teeth except molars, the most prominent
portion of the central lobe on the facial surface of
each crown
For molars, buccal groove that separates the 2 large
facial cusps.
22

4] FACIAL AXIS POINT (FA POINT)
The point on the facial axis that separates the
gingival half of the clinical crown from the
occlusal half
23

• TOOTH CLASS
– A group of teeth having similar shape and
function
– E.g. incisors, canines, premolars, molars
• TOOTH TYPE
– Subordinate category within a class of teeth
– E.g. first mandibular premolars, second
mandibular premolars
24

Key I: Interarch Relationships
1) As explained by Angle, the mesiobuccal cusp of
permanent maxillary first molar occludes in the
groove between mesial and middle buccal cusps of
the permanent mandibular first molar
2) The distal marginal ridge of the maxillary first
molar occludes with the mesial marginal ridge of the
mandibular second molar
25

3) The mesiolingual cusp of maxillary first molar
occludes in the central fossa of the mandibular first
molar
4) The buccal cusps of the premolars have a cusp
embrasure relationship with the mandibular
premolars
5) The lingual cusps of maxillary premolars have a
cusp-fossa relationship with the mandibular
premolars
26

6)The maxillary canine has a cusp-embrasure
relationship with the mandibular canine and first
premolar. The tip of its cusp is slightly mesial to the
embrasure
7) The maxillary incisors overlap the mandibular
incisors, and the midlines of the arches match
27

Key II: Crown Angulation
• All crowns in the sample
essentially have a ‘positive
angulations’ that is, gingival
portion is distal to incisal
portion of crown
• All crowns of each tooth type
are similar in amount of
angulations
29

Key III: Crown Inclination
• Labiolingual or Buccolingual
inclination
• Maxillary incisors – positive
• Progressively negative from
maxillary canines to second
molars
• Progressive negative inclination
for mandibular incisors to
second molars
30

Clinical implication of Key II and III :
• The wagon wheel effect:
– For every 4 degrees of
lingual crown torque
there is 1 degree of
mesial convergence of
the gingival portion of
central and lateral
crowns, that makes a
ratio of 4:1
31

• The teeth should be free of
undesirable rotations
• Example of problem: rotated
molars would occupy more
space
Key IV: Rotations
32

• The contact points should be tight (no spaces)
• Exceptions: genuine toot-size discrepancies
Key V: Tight Contacts
33

• The planes of occlusion ranged from flat to slight
curve of Spee (concave)
• Andrew believed that a flat plane should be the
treatment goal as a form of overtreatment since
there is a natural tendency for the curve of Spee to
deepen with time.
Key VI: Occlusal Plane
34

35
Study 4:
Crown measurement in
120 samples by Andrews

• After determining the 6 keys of occlusions
Andrew made certain measurements in the non
orthodontic models which helped in the
development of the first fully programmed
appliance
36

• The measurements made were:-
– Bracket area
– Vertical contour
– Angulation
– Inclination
– Maxillary molar offset
– Horizontal contour
– Facial prominence
– Curve of spee
37
Measurements by Andrews…

38

39

The average findings for the maxillary teeth
are:-
1) Angulation:
40

2) Inclination:
41

3) Maxillary molar offset:
42

4) Crown prominence:
43

The average findings for the mandibular teeth
are:
1) Angulation:
44

2) Inclination:
45

3) Crown prominence:
46

4) No offset was needed for mandibular molar
because the middle & mesiobuccal cusps are equal in
prominence.
5) The curve of Spee ranged from flat to 2.5 mm
deep
47

• This study revealed consistencies in the position,
morphology & relative facial prominence for the
crown of each tooth type with an arch except for
incisor inclination.
• The differences in the incisor inclination were
attributed to interjaw disharmony.
• Thus special considerations must be given in the
bracket design to correlate the inclination of
incisors with interjaw relationship.
48

49
Study 5:
Comparison between study
models and treated casts

• After making the measurements, Andrew
compared the 120 nonorthodontic models with
the treated 1150 models.
– That is best in nature vs best in treatment
• Comparison were made particularly in relation to
the 6 keys of optimal occlusion:
50
Comparison between study models and
treated casts…

KEY I Interarch relationship:
• In 80% of the treated models, distal marginal ridge
of maxillary I molar did not occlude with mesial
marginal ridge of mandibular II molar.
• Premolars and canines did not have cusp
embrasure relationship.
51
treated casts…

KEY II Angulation:
• In 91 % of the treated models, crowns had one or
more teeth whose angulation differed from those
of optimal sample.
52
KEY III Inclination:
Inter incisal FACC –
• In optimal more than 180 degrees in 78%
• In treated Less than 180 degrees in 81.5%
treated casts…

KEY IV Rotation:
Rotations were evident in 67% of post treated cases.
KEY V Tight contacts:
Spaces were seen in 43% of post treatment casts.
KEY VI Curve of Spee:
More than 2.5 mm in 56% of post treatment casts.
53
treated casts…

• These evidence showed that only few post
treatment results met the six key standards.
• So a quarter century of research done by Andrew,
devoted to naturally optimal & treated occlusions
has yielded not only the six keys, but also several
principles fundamental to the concept of fully
programmed appliance.
54
treated casts…

Summary of principles
• Each normal tooth type is similar in shape from
one individual to another.
• The size of normal crowns within a dentition has
no effect on their optimal angulation, inclination
or prominence of their facial surface.
• Most individuals have normal teeth regardless of
whether their occlusion is flawed or optimal.
55
treated casts…

• Jaws must be normal & correctly related to permit
the teeth to be correctly positioned & related.
• Dentitions with normal teeth and in jaws that are
or can be correctly related can be brought to
optimal occlusal standards.
56
treated casts…

• The edgewise appliance designed by Angle is
"Non programmed" because of the bilaterally
symmetric design.
• If located on the FA point & the FACC & used
with unbent archwire, the brackets would cause
the Inclination of the facial plane of each crown to
be at 90 degrees to occlusal plane,
• The occlusogingival positions of each crown to be
irregular,
• All crowns to have equal facial prominence &
angulation of the FACC of each crown to be at 90
degree to the occlusal plane.
58
Need for a new appliance…

The major shortcomings of edgewise
appliance are:
1. Bracket bases are perpendicular to bracket stem
2. Bracket bases are not contoured occlusogingivally
3. Slots are not angulated
4. Bracket stems are of equal faciolingual thickness
5. Maxillary molar offset not built in
6. Bracket siting techniques are unsatisfactory
59

1] Bracket bases are perpendicular to
bracket stem
• Can cause problems for the slot inclination and
occlusogingival position.
60

• The effect when the brackets are aligned with
unbent arch wire.
61

2] Bases not contoured
occlusogingivally:
• Can unintentionally cause rocking of bracket
occlusally or gingivally.
62

• There will be irregular slot siting in each arch
caused by vertically flat based brackets.
63

• This diagram shows the effect of the irregularly
placed brackets.
64

3] Slots are not angulated:
• The bracket slots of the edgewise brackets are non
angulated.
65

• When the vertical components of the brackets are
sited parallel to FACC & base point sited at FA
point, the angle of the slot vary to many different
angulation
66

• This diagram shows the effects when the brackets
are placed without slot angulation
67

4.Stems of equal prominence:
• Distance between
bracket base & center
of slot is same in each
brackets.
68

• Therefore when the brackets are placed they
become as irregular in the facial prominence as
the crown
69

• With the unbent archwire the facial surface
of each crown becomes equidistant from the
embrasure line, which is undesirable.
70

5.Maxillary molar offset not built in:
• The midsagittal plane of the slot is angular to the
mid sagittal plane of the crown.
• Rotational effect of the molars
71

6. Unsatisfactory bracket sitting
techniques:
• Most of the authors & practitioners seldom agree
about which landmarks are best for bracket siting
• Each requires a different wire bending
72

• Tweed – specified number of mm from cusp tip or
incisal edge
• Saltzman – middle third of clinical crown
• Holdsway – altered according to malocclusion,
open bite or deepbite
• Jaraback – determined by the shape of crown
• Lindquist – relative to height of marginal ridges
for posterior teeth
73

74
DESIGN FEATURES OF
FULLY PROGRAMMED
BRACKETS

75
DESIGN FEATURES OF FULLY PROGRAMMED BRACKETS…

1] Slot sitting features
• Midtransverse plane:
Feature 1: Midtransverse plane of slot, stem,
crown must be same
76

Feature 2: Base must have same inclination as of
facial plane of crown
77

Feature 3: Contoured occlusogingivally
78

• Midsaggital plane:
Feature 4: Midsaggital plane of slot, stem, crown
must be same
79

Feature 5: Vertical components designed to be
parallel to each other
80

Feature 6: Base contoured mesiodistally
81

• Midsagittal plane:
Feature 7: The vertical components of the bracket
should be parallel to one another
82

• Midfrontal plane:
Feature 8: All slot points within an arch must
have same distance between them and crown
embrasure lines
83

• Gingival tie wings on posterior brackets extend
further laterally
84
2] Convenience features

• Facial surfaces of incisor and canine brackets
parallel their bases
• This feature is incorporated for Lip comfort
85

• Power arms
• Hooks
• Facebow tubes
• Utility tubes
• Rotation wings
86
3] Auxiliary features

87
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF SWA

ADVANTAGES
1.Ease of archwire construction
2.No need for interbracket span
3.Less round tripping
4.Better control of tooth positions
5.Consistent result in shorter treatment time
6.Patient comfort
88

7. Complete space closure with one set of archwires
8. Ease of ligation
9. Ease of bracket identification
10. Easier more accurate bracket placement
11. Precise control on premolar and molar torque
13. Precise finishing control in all 3 planes
89

DISADVANTAGES
1.Individual variations in facial surface curvature
2.Consistent LA point is questionable
3.Different skeletal types have different inclines of
occlusal planes
4.No specification regarding placement of bracket
from manufacturers
90

91
TRANSITION FROM
STANDARD EDGEWISE TO
PREADJUSTED EDGEWISE
APPLIANCE

• The mechanical treatment of most orthodontic
cases can be divided into six stages:
1. Anchorage control
2. Leveling and aligning
3. Overbite control
4. Overjet reduction
5. Space closure
6. Finishing
92
TRANSITION FROM STANDARD EDGEWISE TO PEA…

1] Anchorage Control
• Increased tendency for incisors and cuspids to tip
forward
• To manage:
– Omega loop stops and molar ties
– Palatal bars and headgears
– Lingual arches class III elastics
– Archwire bend behind distally banded molar
93

2] Leveling and aligning
Factor 1:
•To prevent anterior teeth forward
tipping
•Need to prevent mesial tipping as
well as retracting cuspid into
extraction sites
Factor 2:
•Need for overcorrection at the end of
treatment
94

• To avoid this problems:
1. Lacebacks
95
1

• To avoid this problems:
2. Bendbacks
96

3] Overbite and overjet reduction
• Distally tipped cuspids
• Caused mesial aspect of bracket to be more incisal
causing extrusive effect on incisors
• Causing bite deepening
97

To manage:
•Do not bond incisors
•Upright cuspid root first by lacebacks and then
engage incisors
•Also, lower second molar banding as early as
possible
98

4] Space closure
• Standard edgewise: Closing loop arches
• PEA: Hooks placed in anterior section of straight
arches and elastics or spring forces tied from
molar brackets
99

5] Finishing
• More accurate the appliance, less time and effort
required during finishing
• Necessary to place archwire bends to compensate
for tooth shape and size, improper bracket
positioning
100

101
CLASSIFICATION OF
PREADJUSTED EDGEWISE
APPLIANCE

102

TORQUE IN BASE
103
LA pointLA point
Slot pointSlot point
Base pointBase point

104

105
VARIOUS APPLIANCE
PRESCRIPTIONS

Bracket prescription: Incisors
through premolars
106
edi.

107
Bracket prescription: Incisors through premolars
edi.

Molar bracket/tube prescription
108
edi.

• Variable appliance prescriptions
1. SWA
2. Roth
3. MBT
4. Ricketts: Bioprogressive therapy
5. Alexander’s principles
6. Viasis Bioefficient brackets
7. Bidimensional systems
8. The Butterfly system
9. SEBA/ Protorque system
10. Self-ligating system
• Conclusion
• References 109
CONTENT

STraighT wirE
appliaNCE
• Lawrence Andrew, Father of Preadjusted bracket
system (1972)
110
SWA tip
SWA tip
2º 2º 5º 2º 2º
2º 2º 11º 9º 5º
Tip values

Torque values
111
Lateral
incisors
Central
incisors
3º 7º
-1º -1º
Original SWA
Lateral
incisors
Central
incisors
10º 17º
-6º -6º
Recommended torqueOriginal SWA
-9º
-35º
-30º
-22º
-17º
-11º
SWA…

rOTh prECripTiON
• 1976, the second generation brackets
• Need to place compensating curves and reverse
curves
• Overcorrect malocclusion
• Full size archwires
• Hooks were added
112
Roth, R.H.: Treatment Mechanics for SWA in Orthodontics: Current principles and techniques. JCO 1985

113
Roth tip
Roth tip
0º 0º 7º 0º 0º
0º 0º 9º 9º 5º
Tip values
ROTH Prescription…

114
Molars Premolars Canines Lateral
incisors
Central
incisors
-11º
0º0º
-17º
-22º
-30º
-30º
-14º
-14º
-7º
-7º
-2º
8º 12º
Torque values
ROTH Prescription…

MBT prESCripTiON
• McLaughlin, Benett and Trevisi (1997)
• The third generation brackets
• Versatility
• Light archwire forces
• Lacebacks and Bendbacks for early anchorage
control
115
Systemized orthodontic treatment mechanics by McLaughlin, Bennett and Trevisi 2001

116
5º 5º 0º 0º 8º 8º 4º
2º 2º 2
º
2º 3º 0º 0º
Tip values
MBT Prescription…

117
incisors
Central
incisors
+6º 0º -6º
-6º-6º
-10º
-20º
-17º
-12º
-14º
-14º
-7º
-7º
+7º 0º -7º
10º(-10º) 17º
Torque values
MBT Prescription…

riCkETTS: BiOprOgrESSivE
ThErapy
• Robert Murray Ricketts (1976)
• “Bio” – technology with biology
• “Progressive” – treatment sequence
118
The textbook of The Bioprogressive therapy by Robert Ricketts

• In 1970’s, two principle bracket designs available
were:
1. Rotation arms
2. Twin – Siamese type – or dual bracket
• Ricketts experimentally moved from rectangular
slot to 016 square box
• Return to 019 x 025 slot
• Standardize 018 x 025 slot
• Ricketts went to 0185 x 030 slot
119
Ricketts Bioprogressive therapy…

RICKETTS BRACKET DESIGN
1] Deep slot
– Permits two light arches to be employed at once
– Chamfer or bevel at the box entrance to
facilitate wire seating
– More accurate distance for torque grooves to be
placed
120

2] Wide incisal-gingival wing
– Easy access for tie wires
– Even a single wing of once bracket can be used
as eyelet
– Auxiliary wire can be placed underneath the
wing
– Rubber elastic traction
– Accessibility for cement removal under the
wings
121

3] Softer material
– Permits closing of bracket for rotation with
later reopening for finishing
– Doesn’t fracture or chip teeth easily during
interferences
– Can be pinched close around narrow wires for
absolute wire engagement
122

123
0º 0º 0º 0º 5º 8º 0º
0º 0º 0
º
0º 15º 0º 0º
Tip values

124
incisors
Central
incisors
7º
0º0º
0º
0º
22º
0º
0º
0º
0º
0º
7º
14º 22º
Torque values

• 1980’s Ricketts and Gugnio: 3 sets of brackets
1. Proversion – Class II div 2, deep bites
2. Neutroversion – Class I openbite or deepbite
3. Retroversion – Class II div 1 and uprighting
upper incisors
• Now-a-days – “Utility arch” from Bioprogressive
technique
• Made from 016 x 016 blue elgiloy
• Vertical discrepancies treated prior to horizontal
125

The ALeXANDeR’S
DiScipLiNe
• Vari-simplex discipline (1978)
– Variety of brackets
– KISS principle
– Knowledgeable orthodontist
• Esthetically pleasant face with stability of
treatment and a balanced occlusion.
126
The 20 Principles of the Alexander Discipline by R.G. Wick Alexander. 2008

127
The 20 Principles of the Alexander Discipline by R.G. Wick Alexander. 2008
The Alexander’s Discipline…

ViASiS bioefficieNT
bRAckeTS
• Bioefficient therapy (1995)
• By Anthony Viasis
• New superelastic A-NiTi wires
• Multifunctional single brackets
129
Anthony Viasis. Bioefficient therapy. JCO 1995 Sept.:552-68

1] Conformity to crown anatomy and crown outline
130
Viasis brackets…

2] Ease of use
131
Viasis brackets…

3] Minimum friction
132
Viasis brackets…

4] Tip control
133
Viasis brackets…

5] Rotation control
134
Viasis brackets…

6] Vertical slot
135
Viasis brackets…

7] High anterior torque
136
Viasis brackets…

biDiMeNSioNAL SYSTeMS
1] BIMETRIC SYSTEM
•Schudy and Schudy (1975)
•016 slots on anteriors
•022 slots on posteriors
•022 x 016 SS wire with a 900
twist distal to canines
137
Vipul K S, Bidimensional Technique: A Topical Review. Int J Dentistry Oral Sci. 2015 2(6), 94-96.

2] BIDIMENSIONAL EDGEWISE
SYSTEM
•Dr. Gianelly (1985)
•Non-preadjusted 022 x 028 slot brackets for all the
teeth
•0.016”x0.022” archwire is used with a 900
twist
distal to the lateral incisors
•‘‘Bidimensional-wire’’ technique
138

3] BIDIMENSIONAL SLOT SYSTEM
•Dr. Gianelly (2000)
•018 slot on centrals and laterals
•022 slot on canines and posteriors
•Anteriors – “tight fit” – three dimensional control
•Posteriors – “loose fit” – sliding mechanics
139

The bUTTeRfLY YSTeM
• S. Jay Bowman in 2003
• Features:
– new low profile brackets,
– miniature twin-wing design,
– rounded tie wings, and
– elimination of standard hooks
140
S. Jay Bowman. The Butterfly System. JCO 2004: 274-87

• Feature 1: Versatile vertical slot
141
Removable T-Pins or hook pins can be placed through vertical slots of any
brackets when needed, eliminating integral bracket hooks
The Butterfly system…

142
Vertical or “sling” tie: stainless
steel ligature placed through
vertical slot and around archwire
for severely displaced teeth
Compliance Spring used with
round stainless steel archwire and
intermaxillary elastics to provide
labial root torque

143
U-Turn square-wire rotating spring
Power Arm limits tipping when used
with elastics, chains, or nickel
titanium coil springs
Traditional Begg’s uprighting spring

• Feature 2: Progressive posterior torque
144

145
Inappropriate posterior torque
causes excessive curve of Wilson Increased maxillary posterior torque
(–14°) and reduced mandibular
posterior torque (–10°) to improve
intercuspation and posterior overjet,
flatten curve of Wilson, and reduce
interferences

• Feature 3: Reversible second premolar
brackets
146
Zero or negative angulation in
second premolar bracket
promotes improper
intercuspation in
nonextraction cases
Butterfly System second
premolar brackets (+3° tip)
improve posterior marginal
ridge adaptation in
nonextraction treatment

147
Zero or positive angulation in
second premolar brackets
promotes improper root
angulation during space closure
Butterfly System’s reversible
second premolar brackets.

148
Butterfly System second premolar
brackets placed on first premolars to
improve root paralleling during space
closure after extraction of second
premolars

• Feature 4: Progressive mandibular anterior
tip
149

• Feature 5: Angulated first molar
attachments
150
Prominent distobuccal cusps
result when first molar bands
are fitted to marginal ridges
instead of placing molar
attachments parallel to
buccal cusps.
A. Butterfly System molar attachments have –6° angulation to
account for differences in first molar marginal ridges.
B. When Butterfly System first molar bands are fitted to
marginal ridges, tube angulation keeps buccal cusps parallel
to occlusal plane.

• Feature 6: Preventive mandibular anterior
torque
151
• Feature 7: Conservative anterior torque

• Feature 8: Improvement in overjet
152

• Feature 9: Bonding pad attachments
153

SebA/pRoToRqUe
SYSTeM
• Sugiyama Evidence Based Asian prescription
• Dr. Raymond Sugiyama and Dr. Mauricio
Gonzalez
• Todays PEA – derived from Caucasian norms
• Dr. Sugiyama studied the significant differences in
the dental anatomy and cephalometric
measurements between Caucasians and Asians
154

CEPHALOMETRIC COMPARISONS
Asians Caucasians Differences
1.U1-SN = 107.5° 104.2° +3.3°
2.U1-FH = 114.0° 109.6° +4.4°
3.L1-MP = 95.2° 91.2° +4.0°
4.L1-APo = 4.5mm 1.0mm +3.5mm
5.L1-APo = 26.2° 22.0° +4.2°
6.U1-L1 = 124.4° 134.0° -9.6°
155
SEBA System…

• He concluded –
1. Asian teeth are wider mesio-distally and have
less angulation
2. The upper and lower incisors of Asian teeth
are more proclined, in relation to basal bone
3. The interincisal angle is significantly less for
Asians
• Higher torque and lower angulation – keep the
teeth in the middle of the basal bone during
orthodontic movement – lessening the chance for
root resorption. 156
SEBA System…

0º 0º 9º
º 2º 2º
157
0º 0º 9º 6º 3º
2º 2º 5º 0º 0º
Tip values
SEBA System…

158
incisors
Central
incisors
-5º
3º3º
-12º
-17º
-6º
-6º
8º
18º 24º
Torque values
SEBA System…

SeLf-LiGATiNG
bRAckeTS
• Dr. Dwight Damon (1998)
• Low friction brackets
• Active and passive types
159
edi.

160
4º 4º 5º 4º 2º
2º 2º 5º 9º 5º
Tip values
edi.
Self-ligating brackets…

161
incisors
Central
incisors
-6º
-6º-6º
-12º
-17º
-28º
-10º
-14º
-18º
-11º
-11º
7º
6º 15º
Torque values
Self-ligating brackets…

CONCLUSION
• A variety of PEA prescription are available
in the market now-a-days.
• No single appliance however can be used to
achieve ideal treatment results.
• The success of orthodontic treatment still
depends on clinicians knowledge and
willingness to do the wire bending as and
when needed.
162
coNcLUSioN

REFERENCES
• Contemporary orthodontics by William Profitt, 5th
Edition
• STRAIGHT WIRE: The concept and appliance by Lawrence F
Andrews. 1989
• Roth, R.H.: Treatment Mechanics for SWA in orthodontics:
Current principles and techniques. JCO 1985
• Anthony Viasis. Bioefficient therapy. JCO 1995 Sept.:552-68
• Systemized orthodontic treatment mechanics by McLaughlin,
Bennett and Trevisi 2001
• S. Jay Bowman. The Butterfly System. JCO 2004: 274-87
• Vipul K S, Bidimensional Technique: A Topical Review. Int J
Dentistry Oral Sci. 2015 2(6), 94-96.
• The Bioprogressive therapy by Robert Ricketts
• Smartclip Self-ligating appliance system by Hugo Trevisi 2007
163
RefeReNceS

preadjusted edgewise appliance

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