Artificial intelligence is being used in healthcare in several ways: to detect diabetic retinopathy from retinal images, enable low-dose CT scans with improved image quality, and analyze chest CT scans and patient data to rapidly detect COVID-19. Startups are also applying AI to portable retinal imaging devices and AI-powered robots are being used to screen for COVID-19 in hospitals. Going forward, AI systems across hospitals will share aggregated clinical data to continuously learn and identify new medical patterns that can improve diagnosis and treatment.

1. AI IN
HEALTHCARE
Use of AI
algorithms in
healthcare sector.

2. How can AI help in Healthcare ?

4. HOW FAR HAS AI
COME IN
HEALTH
SECTOR?

6. HERE ARE SOME STARTUPS
THAT AREWORKING IN
HEALTH SECTORWITHTHE
HELP OF AI.

9. How does AI work in the health sector

10. Artificial Intelligence in Detecting
Diabetic Retinopathy
■ Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes complication that affects eyes.
■ It's caused by leaking blood vessels, retinal swelling, such as macular edema, pale,
fatty deposits on the retina (exudates) – signs of leaking blood vessels,
damaged nerve tissue (neuropathy), and any changes in the blood vessels.
■ With over 400 million people with diabetes worldwide, the overall prevalence of DR is
34.6%, with 10.2% of them having sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR)
■ Until recently, DR could only be detected by ophthalmologists and trained graders.
Artificial intelligence (AI), can now be employed to grade retinal images, especially
those with sight-threatening DR.

11. Remidio Innovative
Solutions
It is based in Bangalore, India has
disrupted the field of
retinal imaging with their
high quality, portable
devices.The Remidio
Fundus on Phone (FOP)
that works on
smartphones, weighs
1/20th the size of
conventional systems,
costs just 1/5th the price,
and can image without
pupil dilation.

12. Artificial intelligence enables low-dose
CT scans, faster scan time
■ Machine learning (AI) has the potential to vastly advance medical imaging, particularly
computerized tomography (CT) scanning, by reducing radiation exposure and improving image
quality.
■ It should also lower costs as radiologists will either not be needed or will be used much less.
■ According to the research done at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute harnessing the power of AI will
improve low-dose CT scans and make them safer. Low-dose CT imaging techniques have been a
significant focus over the past several years in an effort to alleviate concerns about patient
exposure to X-ray radiation associated with widely used CT scans. However, decreasing radiation
can decrease image quality.
■ To solve that, engineers worldwide have designed iterative reconstruction techniques to help sift
through and remove interferences from CT images.The problem, according to the research, is that
those algorithms sometimes remove useful information or falsely alter the image.

13. “This deep learning, hybrid, image-
reconstruction technique integrates low-
radiation dose CT images with emerging
neural network methods and offers
comparable images at much higher
speed as those produced with iterative
reconstruction methods,” said Behrouz
Shabestari, Ph.D., director of the NIBIB
program in Artificial Intelligence,
Machine Learning, and Deep Learning.
“Dr. Wang’s team has advanced deep
learning techniques for tomographic
imaging and pursued this research with
NIH grant support to improve image
quality and computational efficiency for
low-dose dose CT.”

14. How can AI help in the health sector in this
pandemic

15. Using Artificial Intelligence to determine
COVID-19 severity:
Artificial Intelligence can be used to help clinicians identify which COVID-19 patients are
most at risk of suffering a high severity of the disease. A new mobile app is created by
researchers in NYU College of Dentistry. Current test only tells if someone has Corona
Virus or not but with the help of this app, they can help identify how sick this patient can
become.What this app does is to assess risk factors and key biomarkers from blood tests,
producing a COVID-19 “severity score”.

17. AI Powered Screen testing for
CoronaVirus:
■ We can useAI powered robots to screen people in or out of hospitals,malls etc
(Belgium hospital employs robot to protect against CoronaVirus)
■ The robot that is currently being used is Cruzr Health Monitoring RobotThis hospital
in Belgium has an AI powered robot on entry.You are given a QR code on entry and
you need to scan it on that robot and it will check whether the person is wearing a
mask or not and it tells you your temperature if the temperature is within the range
then it will allow you by showing you on the screen that you are good to go inside.

19. AI Algorithm Analyzes Chest CT Scans and
Patient Data to Rapidly Detect COVID-19
■ The researchers have developed a unique algorithm that can rapidly detect COVID-19
based on how lung disease looks in computed tomography (CT scans) of the chest, in
combination with patient information including symptoms, age, bloodwork, and
possible contact with someone infected with the virus.
■ The research expands on a previous Mount Sinai study that identified a characteristic
pattern of disease in the lungs of COVID-19 patients and showed how it develops over
the course of a week and a half.
■ The new study could help hospitals across the world quickly detect the virus, isolate
patients, and prevent it from spreading during this pandemic.

21. What would be the future of AI in
Healthcare ?

22. ■ Repositories of knowledge created by AI systems in hospitals across the world will be
connected, allowing them to share all the information collected.This information will
be aggregated using distributed computing and subsequent analysis by the AI
system; it will draw inferences from data mining applications that will develop
patterns based on this aggregated data.
■ Expert systems and neural networks will be used to determine medically valuable
patterns.
■ Genetic algorithms will be used to ensure that the systems continue to learn.

23. Learning Resources
■ https://www.udacity.com/course/ai-for-healthcare-nanodegree--nd320
■ https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/artificial-intelligence-healthcare
■ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616181/
■ https://healthtechmagazine.net/article/2020/02/future-artificial-intelligence-
healthcare
■ https://www.healthrecoverysolutions.com/blog/the-growth-of-artificial-intelligence-
ai-in-healthcare