The document compares the socioeconomic conditions of migrants in Pakistan before and after migration. It finds that: - Rural to urban migration accounts for less than a quarter of total migration in Pakistan, with males more likely to migrate than females. Common reasons for migration include marriage, moving with family, searching for jobs, and security issues. - Case studies of two migrants found improvements in some socioeconomic factors after migration, such as income, housing, and family status. However, negative impacts were also observed, including health issues, drug addiction, school dropout, and increased loneliness resulting from separation from family and community. - To improve pre-migration situations pushing people to leave, actions could address poverty, hunger,

1. Comparison of the
Socioeconomic Condition
of Migrants Before and
After Migration
Khalid Saifullah

2. We will try to find out the answers of following
questions
• What are the significant events of migration in Pakistan?
• What are the latest trends in R2U migration in Pakistan?
• What happens to an individual and family when it migrates from rural to
urban areas?
• What are the key effects on an individual and family when it migrates from
rural to urban areas?

3. Pakistan – A Country of Migrants
The development of the Punjab canal colonies:
• British developed perennial irrigation schemes: 1872 – 1929
• 4.5 million hectares brought under cultivation
• Local pastural population rebelled and suppressed
• 1.2 million peasants imported from Eastern Punjab
Consequences:
- Marginalisation of local people
- Change in language, food and dress
- Differences between “locals” and “settlers”
- Loss of forests and pasture lands along all the major rivers

4. Migration in Pakistan
• 8 per cent of total population are migrants*
• Proportion of migrants – Punjab (68.2%), Sindh (20.6%), KP (10.5%) and
Baluchistan (0.7%).
• Rural to urban migration accounts for less than a quarter (22.5%) of the total flow
of migrants.
• Males are more interested to go urban (24.7%) compared to females (21.1%).
• Proportions by province - Baluchistan (43.8%), Punjab (25.1%), KP (21.1%) and
Sindh (13.9%).

5. •

6. Reasons for Migration
• Marriage (34.2%), movement with parents (20.5%), migration with spouse
(12.1%) and homecoming (8.8%), searching for job (5.8%) and found a job
(5.8%), Security/law & order situation (1.4%), job transfer (1.7%), education
(0.9%).

9. Group Work - Comparison of the Socio –
Economic Condition of Migrants
Socio - Economic Status
- Income
- Education
- Social status
- Occupation
- Health
- Political participation

10. Group Work
• Abdul Rahim was a farmer and owned two acres of land in a village. His land was
washed away due to river erosion and he had to migrate with his family. He and his
wife are illiterate.
• Mahmooda was a landless widow, living in extreme poverty in a village. Her income
was not sufficient enough to meet her needs. She was literate. She decided to migrate
due to her poverty and hunger.

11. Instructions
• Listen carefully, watch attentively, take notes
• Little information is provided about pre migration status of both individuals
• Keep in mind the main indicators of socioeconomic status
• Documentary can be played twice or more
• Some information is provided by the individuals themselves while some by other
interviewees
• Some of the information is provided through visual clips (home, bathing facility,
access to water etc)

12. Group work – Answer the following question
Indicator Pre Migration Staus Post Migration Status
Quality of life (housing,
education, health, food,
dress etc)
Political participation
Income
Psychosocial status

13. Group Work
• Suggest 2 -3 key actions to improve the
- Pre migration situation of both individuals that forced both of them to
migrate
- Post migration situation of both individuals

14. Socio economic effects of migration – Case
Study of Punjab
• Improvement in family’s economic condition
• Physical conditions of the houses improved
• Migrants families got central position in extended family
• Increasing trend among children of misbehaviours with their elder family members
• Drug addiction
• School drop out
• Increased loneliness