2. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 2
1996- 1998
construction stage of PTA
under the supervison of ICI
The PLANT was actually
comissioned in 1998
2000 - 2008
It was demerged from ICI
and became a part of
Pakistan PTA ltd
akzonaobel acquiced ICI AS
whole .
2009
KPchemnical
acquired PPTA as
a part of LOTTE
2012
Changed its
identity and
then continued
working on it
efficieny
LOTTE CHEMICALS PAKISTAN
LOTTE GROUP
LOTTE is a multinational Group of business units engagingindividuals in such a diverseindustry asconfectionary,beverages,
hotels, food, retail,financial services,heavy chemicals,electronics and entertainment etc. Dealing with 120 corporations
worldwide, firstestablished in 1948 in Tokyo, and then traced South Korea in 1967 in the food industry thatis Lotte
confectionery. Lotte tends to be Korea’s key holder in conglomerates, exporting to more than 70 countries and looks forward
to be the global conglomerate depending on it pastexperiences and working steadily to achieve new businesses in Asia,
holdinga vision of beingin Asian top 10 global group of corporations by 2018.
LOTTE CHEMICALS PAKISTAN PTA LIMITED
Lotte Chemical Pakistan Ltd is the soleproducer of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) i.e. the main raw material for polyester.
The plantis located at Port Qasim Karachi,which was builtusingICI’s state-of-the-art technology and was commissioned in
1998,with an investment of $490mn and holdingthe ability to operate its nameplate capacity of 500,000 tons per annum.
HISTORY
3. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 3
IMPORTANCE OF PTA & LOTTE PTA
Terephthalic acid is the organic compound a chemical commodity, used principally as a precursor to the PSF, PFY and PET.
In Asia,the growth in PTA consumption has been driven by strong polyester fiber demand, nearly two-thirds of global
polyester demand. In 2013, textile exports alonewere $13.1billion outof the total exports that is $24.6billion.
Pakistan beingagriculturebased economy due to largeproduction of cotton. Textile industry contributes 52% of the total
export revenue that is generated.
Lotte chemical is the only PTA manufacturing chemical company in Pakistan thatplays an importantrolefor textile industries
producingproducts which usually combines to make textile goods .The domestic production and availability of PTA helps in
bringingdown the trade deficitof Pakistan which is 45%.
4. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 4
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
TEXTILE INDUSTRY FACTS
In Asia,Pakistan is the8thlargest exporter of textile products.
The contribution of this industry to the total GDP is 8.5%.
It provides employment to about 15 million people, 30% of the country work force of about 49million.
Pakistan is theworld’s 4th largest producer and 3rd largest consumer of cotton.
Textile sector is considered as the backbone of the economy.
On the other hand, itis facingtough competition in the international marketdue to increasein costof production,
which is makingit less competitivethan the neighboring countries India, Bangladesh & China. Accordingto Pakistan
Textile Journal, Pakistan is among top 10 textile exportersof the world.
5. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 5
PAKISTAN 5 YEARS EXPORT ANALYSIS
EXPLANATION
According to the graphical representation the textile export of Pakistan has shown a tremendous growth in the year 2010-11
of almost67% that is 9% from 2010, after which a huge declineof 15% could be seen from the year 2011-12 becauseof poor
investments and governmental initiatives, impropriateequipment and programs,short term governmental planningand
weak research techniques due to which Pakistan’s textileexports remain stagnantuntil 2014.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
TOTAL EXPORTS (US mn) TEXTILE EXPORTS (US mn) PERCENTAGE
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
6. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 6
COTTON INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
Cotton is an economic assetof Pakistan,it’s a natural fiber used as a primary rawmaterial in Textileindustry.The leading
producers of cotton areUSA, china,India,Pakistan and turkey.
The reason for no substantial growth in the textile industry are due to poor investment in the valueadded sector, less
research,short term actions,load shedding and old method alongequipment’s and inconsistentpolicies of the government.
EXPLANATION
The above graph illustrates thatthe polyester mix has not witnessed any increase.Therefore, the total exports of Pakistan
have been stagnant around 13-15%. Polyester is an important raw material in the valueadded sector.
85 86 86 85
87
15 14 14 15
13
1 2 3 4 5
PAKISTAN
Percentage of Cotton Percentage of Polyester
7. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 7
EXPLANATION
The above graph illustrates thatthe polyester mix in the textile industry is around 14- 20 %, which is comparatively higher
then Pakistan.Hence, the polyester mix contributes in the downstream production of the valueadded sector.
86 86 81 80 81
14 14 19 20 19
1 2 3 4 5
INDIA
Percentage of Cotton Perscentage of Polyester
8. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 8
EXPLANATION
The above graph illustrates thatthe polyester mix in the textile industry is comparatively higher then both Pakistan and India
that is almost41-55%. This helps in increasingthetotal textile exports of china in the downstream production of the value
added sector.
EXPLANATION
Accordingto the above graphthe polyestermix inthe textileindustry of Vietnamiscomparativelyinbetween
Pakistan,IndiaandChina.Itshowsa 2% increase in2011 witha huge decline of 12% in2013, butwiththe
increase of polyesterproductionitshowsapositive increase of 4% in2014.
47
59 56 51 45
53
41 44 49 55
1 2 3 4 5
CHINA
Percentage of Cotton Percentage of Polyester
78 75 82 87 83
22 25 18 13 17
1 2 3 4 5
VIETNAM
Percentage of Cotton Percentage of Polyester
9. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 9
DRAWBACKS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY
The biggestdrawbackof the Pakistantextile industryisthatthe governmentdoesnottake initiative to
investinthe value addedsector.
Pakistanimportsmore thanexportinggoodswhichresultsinatrade deficit.
The amount of productionof polyesteriscomparativelyless inPakistan thanothertextileexport
countries.
Governmentlookforwardforshorttermsolutionstosolve problems
There isno improvementinthe textile sectorbecause of oldimplementationof tools,techniquesand
methods.
Importhuge amountof oil to produce electricity.
RECOMMENDATION
To resolvethese issuethe government of our economy are supposed to investment enough amount to research and develop
techniques to check out the quality and improvethem through usinglatestequipment’s and programs to learn new methods
to produce more in order to reduce the imports from other countries plus the government which initiates shortterm plan
should look towards longterm growth action plan such as constructingdamns instead of making electricity fromoil imported
by other countries.Buildingmore plants for production rather than supplyingfromneighboring countries and manufacturing
within own state of nature which is blessed by every credentials.
11. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 11
ORGANOGRAM OF COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
The commercial department is the main sourceof revenue sinceits concern about the volume to sold which is forecasted a
year before. This department is divided into two categories:
Supplychaindepartment –consistingof engineeringpurchases,non-engineeringpurchasesand
feedstock.
Sale department–consistsof marketresearchand salesoperations.
The commercial departmentlooksoverthe entireneedof the businesstobe proceededfurther,determiningthe
quantitytobe producedtogenerate sales,improvingservice qualityandefficiency of the organization.
COMMERCIAL DEPARTMENT
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGER SALES MANAGER
ENGRINEERINGPURCHASE NON – ENGNEERING FEED STOCK
PARAXYLENE / ACETIC ACID
SALE OPERATIONMARKETING RESEARCH
12. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 12
FEED STOCK
SUPPLY CHAIN (FEED STOCK)
INTRODUCTION
The process begins with a rough draft before a year of production under the consideration of the sales department who
shows the direction for the revenue targets in term of volume which is declared annually,determiningthe amount of PTA to
be produced.
The point of concern comes to the production department which sees the efficiency, plantsituation,condition and stability
etc.
Sales department forecast the PTA volumes to be sold next year.
The production review takes place, in which the production number is declared as to how much raw material is
required which,is acquired by the feedstock department.
FEED STOCK DEPARTMENT
Feedstock department mainly works on two materials thatareparaxyleneand acetic acid.
FOR EXAMPLE
To produce 1000 tons of PTA we need 0.66 metric tons of paraxyleneand 0.0401 metric tons of acetic acid.In which the raw
material purchased is in a liquid formwhereas PTA is a dry product.
(Annexure1)
13. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 13
How do we do it? – FEED STOCK PURCHASE
ANNUAL BULK CONTRACTS
MONTHLY PROCUREMENT PLAN
PROCUREMENT
IMPORT PROCESS
LOGISTICS OPERATIONS
APPROVAL OF FEEDSTOCK PROVISIONAL
PRICES FOR MONTH (PO)
EMAIL
PURCHASE REQUISITION (PR)
PURCHASE ORDER APPROVAL PROCESS (PO)
LC REQUEST TO FINANCE
BANK ISSUES THE LETTER via BANKING CHANNEL
SELLER MAKES THE DELIVERY
BUYER RECEIVES THE GOODS AND ISSUES THE GRN
VALUATION OF IMPORT
GOODS DELIVERED TO THE INVENTORY
ANNUAL BUDGET REVIEW
LOGISTICS OPERATION
CLOSING
DOCUMENTS
SOP
(A)
(B)
EMAIL
ORACLE (DOCUMENT)
SCIS
ORACLE- SHIPPING
DOCUMENT
GOOD/PORT CLEARANCE
ORACLE
FINANCIALCOSTING
ORACLE (SYSTEM
PROCESS)
14. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 14
ANNUALBUDGET REVIEW
The annual budget is based on the sales forecastwhich gives us the revenue target declared annually;determiningthe
volume of PTA to be produced, which in term helps us acknowledginghow much raw material is required to produce that
specific amountof PTA.
This is done on yearly basis as1000ton of raw material is essential to be availableatthe plant.
ANNUALBULK CONTRACT
The company divides the volume among different suppliersin order to buy the raw material to perform the demand of the
customers. Inspectingtheir quality,standard and prices and availability of rawmaterial needed.
PROCUREMENT
Procurement is divided into two parts that is:
Import Process
Logistic Operation
IMPORT PROCESS
Import process begins after the approval of the concerned authority for the raw material required to be purchased.
The process begins:
APPROVAL OF FEEDSTOCK PROVISIONAL PRICE IN THE MONTH (PO)
The pricingof the raw material is doneon provisional basis for the feedstock, as the prices keeps fluctuatingweekly. This
particularpricecannotbe negotiated; instead the priceis agreed by both parties through email.In return a document i.e.
Performa invoice(PFI) is raised after which the supplier’s roleis completed.
Consideringif the amount of payments is small and paid of quarterly there is no bighurdle, but if the amount is
bigger the company needs to open an LC for security purpose.For e.g. payment of $70,000,000
PURCHASE REQUSITION
It is a document which is approved by the concerned authority,to purchasethe required raw material,which is done under
oracledocument format.
PURCHASE ORDER (PO)
Final purchaseorder approved by the authority; for the final pricingof feedstock to be purchased.
15. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 15
LC REQUEST TO FINANCE
LC request is done via financial systemfor the purposeof guarantee to the supplier for the payment of huge amount, which is
generated after the approval of the above document, done under (SCIS) system.
Just in casea situation arises where there is an increasein access quantity,LC amendments are required.
BANK ISSUES THE LETTER via BANKING CHANNELS
Bank usingthe channel (swift) an international process through which the LC from buyer to supplier is transferred.
LOGISTIC OPERATION
The logistic operation starts asthecontract with the supplier,is madeand pen down. Determining how much rawmaterials
are required to be purchased in order to fulfill thedemand of the customer.
FOR EXAMPLE
To produce 1370 metric tons we need 1000 tone of Paraxyleneper day in order to process PTA.
LOTTE in order to stock the vessels hirea supplier thatis Engro co. PAC who possess 5 tanks,3 of Paraxyleneand 2 of acetic
acid.
3 Paraxylenetanks = 10k each
2 acetic acid =2500 each
SELLER MAKES THE DELIVERY
Once the seller receives the LC from the buyer the vessels aresent to the buyer’s port. This is done under the ORACLE
shipment document format.
GOODS / PORT CLEARANCE
Once the shippingdocument, invoice,packinglistis received by the purchaser,he sends this document to the hired agent for
the clearanceof the vessels purchased alongwith the number of PTA to be produced.
The shippingdocument is to be endorsed by the treasury department of any respective bank.
Mainly two document:
Commercial invoice(valueand price)
Bill of lading(volume)
16. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 16
Four important dates are to be remembered:
Letter of credit(LC) Date
Shipment Date
Maturity Date = the final payment date
Value Date = the amount in hand/bank
THE AGENT ROLE
The agent is basically hired in order to understand the ruleand laws of the port for which the agent demand the company to
submitthe required documents with price.He then takes the documents to the custom officefrom where the goods are
shifted to the plantafter its clearance.
A test report is also submitted to the company after the survey by PERAC Research and Development Foundation
(PRD), for the evaluation of the standard volume and quality required by the prospectivecompany.
BUYER RECEIVES THE GOODAND ISSUES GRN
This document is internally generated for the company’s personal records,after the agent clears and shifts the vessels to the
plant.GRN is basically a good receivingnote which assures thatthe good have been received by the company accordingto
their specification in oracleformat.
VALUATIONOF IMPORTS
This is done by the company’s financedepartment (financial costing) in which their compare the quality of the product with
the test reports also evaluates the standard of volume and the amount received.
GOOD DELIVERY TO THE INVENTORY
It is an (oracle) systemprocesses whereby after evaluation of the above steps the rawmaterial is proceeded further in order
to produce the PTA.
CLOSING
The process is closed oncethe raw material in proceeded to make PTA for the customer.
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SALES DEPARTMENT
SALES OPERATION
INTRODUCTION
Sales department basically,shows the direction to the company as to what should be the revenue targets for the year in
terms of volume.
The sales setparameters which help in setting the provisional prices thatare:
PRICE SETTING PARAMETERS
Last month’s average which areset in
accordancewith the international markets in
terms of dollars.
Trends, whether they are upward or downward.
Freights
SALES OPERATION PLAN
Sales department conduct monthly meeting for SOP
(Sales OperatingPlan).In this meeting they meet with
the production department working at site; to decide
how much production will bedone and in agreement to that how much sales will bemade.
Lotte being a B2B company only has 7 customers from which the maximum domestic sales aregenerated.
The sales department main focus relies on:
Smooth dispatch of their products from the siteto the customer
narrowed customers complaints
Raised customer complaints to be settled as swiftly as possible.
18. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 18
HOW DO WE DO IT – SALES OPERATIONS
ANNUAL BUDGET
RECONFIRMATION OF VOLUME BETWEEN
LOTTE CHEMICALS AND CUSTOMERS
PROFORMA INVOICE (PFI) TO BE
ISSUED BY LOTTE
LETTER OF CREDIT (LC) TO BE ESTABLISHED
ACORDING TO (PFI)
CONFORMATION OF LC AT
ADVISING BANK
DISPATCH ADVICE (DA) TO BE
ISSUED AS PER LC
VEHICLES/ LOGISTICS TO BE ARRANGED
BY THE CUSTOMERS
COMMERCIAL INVOICE, OTHER
DOCUMENTS TO BE MADE FOR
SUBMISSION IN THE NEGOTIATION BANK
19. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 19
VOLUME DEFINED
The sales volumeis reconfirmed with the customer on monthly basis.
PROFORMA INVOICE
In the second step the supplier generates the Performa invoicein which the specification of quantity,priceand total value
are mentioned, which is approved by the concerned authority.
LC FORWARDED TO SUPPLIERS
The customer generates the letter of credit(LC) at sightbasis or on usage(as agreed) which is forwarded to the supplier as a
guarantee againstthe payment to be received.
DISPATCH ADVICE TO CUSTOMER
Dispatch advice(DA) is a document which is forwarded to the customer from the supplier,againstwhich,delivery of their
agreed volume is made.
SinceLotte works on ex-works basis,the customer actually needs to lineup their vehicles atsite, where the
products are loaded and dispatched.This all comes under customer’s consideration.
COMMERCIAL INVOICESUBMITTED TO CUSTOMERS
It is basically a shippingdocument sent after the delivery of the product which is submitted to the customer.
20. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 20
ENGINEERING / NON-ENGINEERING PROCESS
ENGINEERING / NON – ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
INTRODUCTION
The engineering or non- engineering department refers to the purchaseof a material when required by the end users.These
are classified into two categories:
NON -ENGINEERING: The purchaseof officesupplies required atthe office, this includes stationeries,seatingchairs,and any
other sortof purchased to be made by the office.
ENGINEERING: A purchasemade when there’s a need required by the plant,it includes chemical machineries, equipment’s,
spareparts,damage parts which need to be repaired or brought in, and other tools to be purchased for the efficiency of the
production at plant.
(Annexure2)
21. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 21
HOW DO WE DO IT - ENGINEERING / NON-ENGINEERING PROCESS
PURCHASE PROCESS/CYCLE
PR – PURCHASE REQUISTION
RFQ - REQUEST FOR QUOTATION
CS – COMPARATIVE STATEMENT
TA – TECHNICAL APPROVAL
PN – PRICE NEGOTIATION
T & M TERM & CONDITIONS
PO - PURCHASE ORDER
DELIVERY
INSPECTION
(REJECTION/ACCEPTED)
REJECTION NOTE GRN – GOOD RECEIVING NOTE
PAYMENT
22. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 22
PR PURCHASE REQUISTION
Purchaserequisition israised by the end users,which is pre-determined and identified by the item code, to purchasethe
required rawmaterial,which is done under oracledocument format.
RFQ REQUEST FOR QUOTATION
This is done by the purchaser - purchasedepartment who get the PR approved and then request different number of
suppliers to send their quotation againstthe required raw materials needed.
Once the purchasedepartment receives the quotation by all the suppliers,hethen sends the document with the RFQ
document as the front page for the approval.
CS COMPARATIVE STATEMENT
It is an internal documentation required for companies own records.It is basically a comparison of all thedifferent suppliers’
rates and quantities.
TA TECHNICAL APPROVAL
At this point the end user rejects or accepts the quotation in accordanceof it criticalities i.e. the specificationsof the product.
PN PRICE NEGOTIATION
Pricenegotiation usually takes placebetween the supplier and the purchasedepartment once the end user decides which
supplier is eligiblefor the purchaseorder. The purchasedepartment after the selection of the supplier by the end user views
the pricingand contacts the reasonablesupplier.
T&C TERMS AND CONDITIONS
The company follows a certain standardizeprocedure whiledealingwith the supplier regardingthedelivery of any material.
PO PURCHASE ORDER
A singledocument: holdinga purchaseorder for the purchaseof a rawmaterial identified by its item code, quantity; and
description and specification.
DELIVERY
The time the goods aredelivered to the purchasers storethe estimated time of arrival (ETA) / estimated time of delivery
(ETD) is actually evaluated which concerningabout the goods loaded in the store.
23. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 23
INSPECTION (REJECTION/ ACCEPTED)
Once the delivery is made, the store authority calls up the concerned end user who has made the demand to purchase, He
would go to the store and inspectthe raw material in order to reject or accept the goods which aredelivered by the supplier.
REJECTION NOTE
If the goods are rejected becauseit’s not accordingto the specification asper the mention in the purchasecontract the
suppliers has to replacethe goods. OR justify if he’s not wrong.
GRN GOODS RECEIVING NOTE
Once the goods are delivered to the purchaser storeand inspected by the end user who projects no faults in the goods
delivered to him, allows the company to generate a GRN – Goods receivingnote in order to keep a record for the company
purchaseorder.
PAYMENT
As the goods aredelivered and inspected accurately,the purchasedepartment requests the supplier to send the invoiceor
the payment is made as per the agreed terms and condition.
24. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 24
SERVICES AND CONTRACTS
SERVICES
INTRODUCTION
Services under commercial department refer to any kind of services needed in order to fulfill or keep up with the efficiencies
of the firm’s production process.
Services may be a temporary rental purchaseof a machine,
or services provided to the existing machineries or any part
of the plant, as the plantis the heart of Lotte Company, so
it needs services to operate with efficiency,as any obstacle
in any singlepartwould damage the soleprocess of
production.Services are highly required in order to stand
competent and complete the demand of the suppliers as
well as produce goods with more efficiency.
CONTRACTS
INTRODUCTION
Contracts are basically raised by the end users for longer terms and conditions;currently Lotte is dealingwith 50 contracts
headingin different entities.
As most of its operations areoutsourced, each contracts is headed by different concerned person accordingto its eligibility
that is,higher the priceof a contract the higher level of authority is to be involved in the agreement.
The details mentioned in a contractis reviewed by the legal teams in order to check if they is any mistakeor wrong deed
mention which would harm the company performance in longer terms.
(Annexure3)
25. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 25
HOW DOWEDOIT – SERVICES
SR – SERVICE REQUISTION
RFQ - REQUEST FOR QUOTATION
CS – COMPARATIVE STATEMENT
TA – TECHNICAL APPROVAL
PN – PRICE NEGOTIATION
T & M TERM & CONDITIONS
SO - SERVICE ORDER
DELIVERY
GRN – GOOD RECEIVING NOTE
PAYMENT
SERVICES
26. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 26
SR SERVICE REQUISTION
Service requisition israised by the end users,identifyingthe item to be serviced.This is where the users state a need for
services in order to keeping on producingwithout any difficulty.
RFQ REQUEST FOR QUOTATION
The department who get the SR approved, requests different suppliers who provides services to send their quotation against
the required machinery or partwhich is to be serviced.
Once the servicedepartment receives the quotation by all the suppliers,hethen sends the document with the RFQ document
as the front page for the approval.
CS COMPARATIVE STATEMENT
It is an internal documentation required for companies own records.It is basically a comparison of all thedifferent suppliers’
rates and duration.
TA TECHNICAL APPROVAL
At this point the end user rejects or accepts the quotation in accordanceof it criticalities i.e.the specificationsof the product.
PN PRICE NEGOTIATION
The negotiation of prices areusually between the supplier and the servicedepartment once the end user decides which
supplier is eligibleto provide services to their required part. The servicedepartment after the selection of the supplier by the
end user views the pricingand contacts the reasonablesupplier.
T&C TERMS AND CONDITIONS
The company follows a certain standardizeprocedure whiledealingwith the supplier regarding theservices which are to be
performed.
SO SERVICE ORDER
A document holdinga service order, mentioning the equipment of the plants which is to be serviced in order to keep
functioningwith efficiency,identified by its roleand critical importancein theproduction process.The more important the
rolean equipment plays - more critically itis to be provided serviceas any wrong would results in largeloss.
DELIVER
Under servicedepartment they are no such bigdecisions to be made as the services areprovided by the same suppliers in
order to have a trust worthy longterm relationship and goodwill.Plusattimes the firm thinks itbetter to be served by the
same supplier whom their deal with mostly in wider prospective.
27. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 27
GRN GOODS RECEIVING NOTE
Once the services aredelivered to the required equipment by the end user who projects no faults in the services delivered to
him, allows the company to generate a GRN – Goods receivingnote for internal record of the company.
PAYMENT
Once the services areperformed accurately,the imbursement is paid off as agreed on the terms and conditions.
HOW DOWETODOIT - CONTRACTS
SCOPE OF WORK
RFQ - REQUEST FOR QUOTATION
REVIEW OF CONTRACT BY LEGAL TEAM
TECHNICAL APPROVAL + COMPARATIVES
NEGOTIAITION + TERM & CONDITION
APPROVAL OF COMPARATIVE
CONTRACT SIGNING
CONTRACTS
28. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 28
SCOPE OF WORK
Contracts are made on different hierarchy some aretoo important to be consider involvingthehigher authorities and some
are nominal in nature.
When initiatinga contractthe end users arerequired to state down the scopeof the work which is to be performed by that
particularaction,its importanceand how ithelps the firm achievingitgoals or tasks.
For example:
Lotte plantis located at port qasimata wide area and to have a refreshingenvironment they have outsourced the gardeners
to look after the greenery at the plantsite.This is an example of a nominal contractof the firm.
REQUEST FOR QUOTATION
Quotations aresent to different contractors requestingto send them quotation statingtheir pricing,Quantity and other
specifications.
REVIEW OF CONTRACT BY LEGAL TEAM
The details mentioned in a contractis reviewed by the legal teams in order to check if they is any mistakeor wrong deed
mention which would harm the company performance in longer terms.
TECHNICAL APPROVAL & CS COMPARATIVE
At this point the end user rejects or accepts the quotation in accordanceof it criticalities i.e.the specificationsof the product.
It is an internal documentation required for companies own records.It is basically a comparison of all thedifferent suppliers’
rates and duration.
NEGOTIATION + TERM & CONDITIONS
Every company follows a certain standardizeprocedureso do Lotte, while dealingwith the supplier regardingany contractual
agreement done under the consideration of the concerned authority.
The negotiations are usually between the supplier and the contractingpersons alongwith a legal team in order to keep an
over view of any kind of mishaps which may causethe firm in longer terms.
APPROVAL OF COMPARATIVE
Once the above steps are performed under the view of legal team members the comparativeis a pproved by all the
concerned persons.
CONTRACT SIGNING
A contractis made valid under the consideration of all thecontractual persons who are responsiblein an attempt to drawa
contractwith the supplier,as mentioned before -higher the price,higher the involvement of the top level management.
29. INTERNSHIP-PROJECT BY KEZIA KNOWLES 29
SOURCE
Data:
The report inwrittenbyour ownself study,researchwork,andmanagementsupport,alongwithfurther
informationfromthe internetforbetterunderstandingaboutthe companyitsdifferent departmentsand the
material beingmanufactured.
Departments:
FEEDSTOCK = Mr. Asif Zaheer
SALES = Mr. Riaz
ENGINEERING AND NON – ENGINEERING PURCHASE = Mr. ARSHED
SERVICES AND CONTRACTS = MUHAMMED TABISH
Facts and figures:
The figures are taken by SBP – STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN, and own countries central banks.
Pictures:
Google