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1. Pemahaman Prosedur
Shipping
By : Kanaidi, SE., M.Si , cSAP
kanaidi963@gmail.com ... 08122353284
PTPRI
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EXPORT
IMPORT
Training

2. PROSES PERDAGANGAN EKSPOR
• Kegiatan ekspor  upaya seorang pengusaha
dalam memasarkan komoditi yg dikuasainya
ke negara lain atau bangsa asing, dengan
mendapatkan pembayaran dalam valuta asing
(mata uang asing), dan tentu melakukan
komunikasi dan korespondensi bahasa asing
pula.
• Secara singkat  kegiatan memasarkan
komoditi kpda orang asing, pembayaran
dengan valuta asing dan berkomunikasi
dengan bahasa asing pula.

3. Proses perdagangan ekspor
• Langkah-langkah yg dilakukan oleh eksportir
untuk terjadinya suatu transaksi ekspor
sampai selesainya pelaksanaan transaksi itu
dalam bentuk diterimanya pembayaran (valas)
dari importir luar negeri melalui bank
mitranya importir.

4. Proses perdagangan ekspor terdiri dari 4
bagian :
1. Proses terjadinya kontrak dagang ekspor
2. Proses pembukaan letter of credit oleh
importir
3. Proses pengapalan barang oleh eksportir
4. Proses penguangan dokumen pengapalan
oleh eksportir dengan bank devisa

5. 1. PROSES TERJADINYA KONTRAK DAGANG
EKSPOR
1. Dimulai oleh eksportir dengan cara
mempromosikan komoditi yg akan diekspor
kpda calon importir di luar negeri.
2. Dilakukan dengan mengajukan penawaran
harga.
3. Diakhiri dengan penandatanganan sale’s
contract export oleh kedua belah pihak
(eksportir dan importir).

6. 2. PROSES PEMBUKAAN L/C
1. Importir mengajukan aplikasi permintaan
pembukaan L/C kpd mitra bank devisanya
2. Eksportir menerima pemberitahuan
pembukaan L/C

7. 3. PROSES MEMPERSIAPKAN DAN
MENGIRIMKAN BARANG
1. Setelah menerima L/C kewajiban eksportir
untuk mempersiapkan barang dan
melaksanakan pengiriman komoditinya
2. Penyerahan barang kpda importir di tempat
yg disepakati dg importir.

8. 4. MENGUANGKAN DOKUMEN
PENGAPALAN
• Proses terakhir, Ekspsortir melakukan
negosiasi (menguangkan) dokumen
pengapalan dengan “negotiating bank” untuk
menerima pembayaran

12. SHIPPING NOTE, DOCK RECEIPT AND
MATE’S RECEIPT
 The goods are transported to the docks accompanied
by a shipping note.
 The note is handed to the superintendent of the
docks, advising him that the goods are to be shipped.
This note gives details of marks, references, number
and description of packages, weight, and port of
destination.
 Each package making up a shipping consignment
must be distinguished by the so-called leading mark
which is necessary for identification of the goods. All
relevant documents must also bear this mark.

14.  The shipping note is signed by the wharfinger and
returned to the shipper (consignor), confirming that the
goods are stored and awaiting shipment. This is a dock
receipt or a wharfinger's receipt.
 The shipper then lodges bills of lading with the
shipowner or agent. Cargo is loaded aboard ship under
the supervision of the chief officer or cargo officer.
 Once the goods are on board the ship, a mate's receipt
may be sent, acknowledging that the goods have been
loaded. The mate's receipt serves as a document of title
until the bill of lading is ready.

15. Bill of Lading (B/L)
 The bill of lading (B/L) is the most important document
in shipping as it is a document of title, i.e. gives
ownership of the goods to the person named on it. A
shipped bill of lading means that the goods have been
loaded on to the ship.
 In c.i.f. and c. & f. transactions the words 'freight
prepaid' are used to signify that the costs of shipment
have been paid.
 If the cargo is in good condition and everything is in
order, no endorsement will be made on the document,
and it can be termed a clean bill of lading.

16.  On the contrary, if the goods are damaged or a
portion of the consignment is missing, the document
will be suitably endorsed by the master or his agent,
and the B/L will be considered "claused" or
"unclean".
 This statement protects the shipping company from
claims that they were responsible for the damage or
bad condition of the consignment.

17.  A bill of lading names the port of acceptance and
port of delivery. In this case the shipping company
only accepts responsibility for the goods while on
board ship. But if a combined transport B/L is
used, the place of acceptance and place of delivery
may be covered, which means the company accepts
door-to-door responsibility, which offers more
extensive cover than the bill of lading.

18. Ship’s manifest and customs clearance
 Cargo has to be stowed according to the cargo
plan, with due regard to the sequence of discharge
in order to avoid demurrage and additional labour
costs.
 This might happen if the goods intended for one
port were overstowed by those for the next port of
call.
 Further, cargo should be distributed throughout the
ship to facilitate speed of discharge. The quantity
and type of cargo in different holds are also
considered.
 When the ship has completed loading,
specification of all cargo on board is prepared, and
this is known as the ship's manifest.

19.  When loading operations are completed the
agent, or master of the vessel, applies for a
clearance of the ship at the local customs house.
 This clearance is given provided that evidence
has been produced to testify that the cargo is in
order, necessary permits have been procured,
harbour dues have been paid, and emigration and
port health regulations have been carried out.

20. Chartering ships
 A vessel can be hired through a shipbroker who will
find a ship owner who is prepared to hire his vessel
on either a "voyage charter", or "time charter"
basis.
 Voyage charter charges, i.e. taking freight from port A
to B, are calculated on the tonnage value of the
cargo. For example, if an exporter ships 500 tons of
coal at £1.20 per ton, he will pay £600.00 for the
charter.

21. Chartering ships . . .
 Time charter charges are calculated on the tonnage
of the ship (i.e. the weight of the ship) plus running
costs of the vessel, excluding wages. So the larger
the ship, the more the charterer pays, regardless of
whether s/he ships 500 tons or 5,000 tons. There are
also mixed charters combining both time and voyage
charters.
 The contract signed by both parties is known as a
charter party.

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