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1. Iron and Steel Industries

3.  Iron and Steel Industry in India is on an
upswing because of the strong global and
domestic demand. India's rapid economic
growth and soaring demand by sectors like
infrastructure, real estate and automobiles,
at home and abroad, has put Indian steel
industry on the global map. According to the
latest report by International Iron and Steel
Institute (IISI), India is the seventh largest
steel producer in the world.
Iron and Steel Industry

4. History of Iron and
Steel Industry in India

Iron and Steel industry in the country has
experienced a sustainable growth since the
independence of the country. A humble beginning
of the modern steel industry was reached in
India at Kulti in West Bengal in the year 1870.
But the outset of bigger production became
noticeable with the establishment of a steel
plant in Jamshedpur in Bihar in 1907. It started
production in 1912. The new township was
named after Jamshed ji Tata.

5.  It was, however, only after
Independence that the steel
industry was able to find a
strong foothold in the country.
Excluding the Jamshedpur plant
of the Tatas, all are in the public
sector and looked after by Steel
Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL).

6. Some other Industries
 Bhilaiand Bokaro Steel
plant were set up with
Soviet alliance. Durgapur
and Rourkela came up
with British and West
German technical
expertise, respectively.

7. (In million tons)
India’s export of Iron and Steel

8. Tata Steel
Tata Steel is a top ten global steel
maker and the world’s second
most geographically diversified
steel producer.
Tata Steel was founded in India in
1907. Since 2004 the Company
has expanded globally, acquiring
Asian steel producers NatSteel
and Millennium Steel (now called
Tata Steel Thailand) as well as
Europe’s second largest steel
producer Corus (now called Tata
Steel Europe Limited).

9. Tata Steel is part of the Tata Group, India’s largest
industrial conglomerate. Both Tata and Tata Steel
have a long history of charitable donations and
social responsibility, with Tata spending
approximately 4% of the Company’s profit after
tax on corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Tata Steel endeavors to improve the quality of life in
the communities in which the Company
operates. Tata Steel’s charitable projects have
touched the lives of over 800,000 people in India.

10. Facts about Tata Steel
 Tata Steel is the world's 6th largest steel company.
 An existing annual crude steel capacity of 28 million tons.
Asia's first integrated steel plant and
 India's largest integrated private sector steel company is
now the world's second most geographically diversified
steel producer.
 Tata Steel plans to grow and globalise through organic and
inorganic routes.
 Its 5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) Jamshedpur
Works plans to double its capacity by 2010..

11. JAMSHEDHJI TATA

12. The Iron and steel Industry in India has 2
separate divisions:
 Integrated producers
 Secondary producers

13.  Amongst the Integrated producers, the
major producers include Tata Iron and
Steel Company Limited (TISCO),
Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
(RINL) and Steel Authority of India
Limited (SAIL), who generate steel by
converting iron ore.

14. The Secondary producers like Ispat
Industries, Lloyds steel and Essar
Steel, create steel through the process
of melting scrap iron. These are mainly
small steel plants and produce steel in
electric furnaces, using scrap and
sponge iron. They produce both mild
steel and alloy steel of given
specifications.

15. • During World War II, industry production increased
sharply because of steel's importance to war mobilization.
Some of this increase was a result of production returning
to full capacity after the depression.
• India pushed forward for making Iron and Steel for
Japanese Army.
• Meanwhile, the United States controlled 60 percent of the
world's steelmaking potential.
World War II impact on
Steel Industries

16. Iron and Steel industries of USA
 The first iron works in America, called
Hammersmith, began operation in 1647 in
Saugus, Massachusetts, but lasted only
five years. When Americans switched fuels
from charcoal or wood to coal in the early
nineteenth century, larger operations
became possible. The discovery of huge
iron ore deposits in the northern Great
Lakes region during the 1840s gave a
further boost to production.

17.  American iron-masters developed their own
variations of these English techniques,
depending on local resources like the quality
of their iron and the efficiency of their fuel. A
means of automating iron production was not
developed until the 1930s.
 In the nineteenth century, the American iron
market produced a wide variety of products.
Stoves, gun parts, cannons, and machinery
were among key early uses for iron. Iron also
played a crucial role in the development of
railroads.

18.  U.S. Steel was the first business in history to be
valued by the stock market at over one billion
dollars U.S. Steel's ten divisions reflected the
diversity of steel products made at that time,
including steel wire, steel pipe, structural steel
(for bridges, buildings, and ships), sheet steel
(which would go largely for automobile bodies
in subsequent decades), and tin plate (once
used for roofing shingles, it would increasingly
go to make tin cans).

19. A LOOK AT GLOBAL PRODUCTION
(In million metric tons)
Based on study: 2009-2011

21. MINING
Mining is the first step in the production of
iron and steel.
Earth is excavated deep in search of iron
ore.
Breaking and cutting of iron ore takes place
to receive raw iron.

22. Raw Materials from the iron ore are
put in a particularly hot fire lead in
the embers of the fire. This is done to
get the mixture of Iron Ore and
Charcoal that is burnt with the help of
a blast of air from hand worked
bellows.
*

23. THE FINERY & CHAFERY
 Iron tapped from the blast furnace is pig iron, and contains
significant amounts of carbon and silicon. To produce
malleable wrought iron, it needs to undergo a further
process. In the finery, remelting of pig iron takes place so
as to oxidise the carbon (and silicon). This produces a lump
of iron known as a bloom. This is consolidated using a
water-powered hammer. The next stages were undertaken
by the hammering, because the bloom is highly porous, and
its open spaces are full of slag, it is to be beaten with a
hammer, to drive the molten slag out of it, and then to
draw the bloom out into a bar to produce bar iron. In the
course of doing so, reheating of the iron, takes place in
chafery to remove any impurities as such impurities in any
mineral fuel would affect the quality of the iron.

24.  The puddling furnace is a metalmaking
technology used to create steel from the
pig iron produced in a blast furnace. The
furnace is constructed to pull the hot air
over the iron without it coming into
direct contact with the fuel, a system
generally known as a reverberatory
furnace or open hearth furnace. The
major advantage of this system is
keeping the impurities of the fuel
separated from the charge.
The Puddling

25. Separation of quality
O After the bar iron is refined. It is
ready to be classified. Iron is
separated according to its qualities.
Such as Cementation, Crucible,
Bessemer steel.

26. WHAT IS A BLAST FURNACE?
• A blast furnace is a type of
metallurgical furnace used for smelting
to produce industrial metals, generally
iron.
• In a blast furnace, fuel and ore and flux
(limestone) are continuously supplied
through the top of the furnace, while
air is blown into the bottom of the
chamber, so that the chemical reactions
take place throughout the furnace as
the material moves downward. The
end products are usually molten metal
and slag phases tapped from the
bottom, and flue gases exiting from the
top of the furnace. The downward flow
of the ore and flux in contact with an
upflow of hot, carbon monoxide rich
combustion gases is a countercurrent
exchange process.

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THIS LITTLE EFFORT OF
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A Presentation by
Kavaj Burdak and
Abhinav Nain.